Integrating Molecular And Palaeontological Approaches To Telling Evolutionary Time
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Telling The Evolutionary Time
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Author : Philip C J Donoghue
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2003-12-16
Telling The Evolutionary Time written by Philip C J Donoghue and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-12-16 with Nature categories.
Determining the precise timing for the evolutionary origin of groups of organisms has become increasingly important as scientists from diverse disciplines attempt to examine rates of anatomical or molecular evolution and correlate intrinsic biological events to extrinsic environmental events. Molecular clock analyses indicate that many major groups
Timetrees Incorporating Fossils And Molecules 2nd Edition
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Author : Michel Laurin
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2022-09-15
Timetrees Incorporating Fossils And Molecules 2nd Edition written by Michel Laurin and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-09-15 with Science categories.
Calibrating phylogenies to time is central to addressing many questions in evolutionary biology and macroevolution. The fossil record once provided our only source for establishing a timeline for evolution. However, the incompleteness of the fossil record and the non-uniformity of fossil recovery rate make it challenging to obtain precise estimates of divergence times from fossil evidence alone. Molecular dating, which combines evidence from the geological and molecular records, enables us to generate a much more complete and precise timeline of events. The molecular clock can be time-calibrated using temporal evidence from fossils and used to estimate divergence times based on the assumption that the rate of sequence evolution will be approximately constant over time and among lineages. Methodological challenges to applying this concept in practice have been to relax the assumption of constant evolutionary rates and to model the uncertainty associated with paleontological and geological calibrations. To this end, available statistical methods have become increasingly complex in order to capture key features of empirical data. These are typically applied using Bayesian inference, which provides a powerful framework for incorporating multiple sources of uncertainty. Although overall more effort has been expended in developing models of molecular sequence evolution, critical advances have also included approaches to modeling taxonomic diversification and fossilization. In particular, recent advances in birth-death process models have allowed for continuous sampling along lineages, enabling more information from the fossil record to be incorporated into dating analyses in a statistically coherent way. In addition, available dating methods can now be applied to scenarios in which no molecular data may be available, allowing for novel insights into the evolution of entirely extinct clades. Other recent innovations enable us to date divergence times among taxa that have no fossil record, including the use of gene duplication events or biogeographic evidence. Furthermore, time-calibrated trees are necessary for obtaining phylogenetic estimates of taxonomic diversification and extinction rates, which can now be jointly inferred along with lineage divergence times. These approaches offer an exciting opportunity to understand the evolution of life in deep time, although key challenges remain, especially with regards to modeling the processes of genome evolution, taxonomic diversification and fossil recovery. In this Research Topic, we focus on recent advances in methodology, outstanding challenges, and the application of molecular and paleontological dating methods to empirical case studies across the Tree of Life.
The Molecular Evolutionary Clock
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Author : Simon Y. W. Ho
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2021-01-18
The Molecular Evolutionary Clock written by Simon Y. W. Ho and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-01-18 with Science categories.
This book presents coverage of the principles and practice of molecular clocks, which have provided fascinating and unprecedented insights into the evolutionary timescale of life on earth. It begins by following the early development of the molecular evolutionary clock in the 1960s, and leads to the complex statistical approaches that are now used to analyse genome sequences. The chapters of this book have been contributed by leading experts in the field and address the important issues of evolutionary rates, molecular dating, and phylogenomic analysis. This is the first time that these different aspects of the molecular clock have been brought together in a single, comprehensive volume. It is an invaluable reference for students and researchers interested in evolutionary biology, genetic analysis, and genomic evolution.
Telling The Evolutionary Time
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Author : Philip C J Donoghue
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2003-12-16
Telling The Evolutionary Time written by Philip C J Donoghue and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-12-16 with Nature categories.
Determining the precise timing for the evolutionary origin of groups of organisms has become increasingly important as scientists from diverse disciplines attempt to examine rates of anatomical or molecular evolution and correlate intrinsic biological events to extrinsic environmental events. Molecular clock analyses indicate that many major groups
The Timetree Of Life
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Author : S. Blair Hedges
language : en
Publisher: OUP Oxford
Release Date : 2009-04-23
The Timetree Of Life written by S. Blair Hedges and has been published by OUP Oxford this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-04-23 with Science categories.
The evolutionary history of life includes two primary components: phylogeny and timescale. Phylogeny refers to the branching order (relationships) of species or other taxa within a group and is crucial for understanding the inheritance of traits and for erecting classifications. However, a timescale is equally important because it provides a way to compare phylogeny directly with the evolution of other organisms and with planetary history such as geology, climate, extraterrestrial impacts, and other features. The Timetree of Life is the first reference book to synthesize the wealth of information relating to the temporal component of phylogenetic trees. In the past, biologists have relied exclusively upon the fossil record to infer an evolutionary timescale. However, recent revolutionary advances in molecular biology have made it possible to not only estimate the relationships of many groups of organisms, but also to estimate their times of divergence with molecular clocks. The routine estimation and utilization of these so-called 'time-trees' could add exciting new dimensions to biology including enhanced opportunities to integrate large molecular data sets with fossil and biogeographic evidence (and thereby foster greater communication between molecular and traditional systematists). They could help estimate not only ancestral character states but also evolutionary rates in numerous categories of organismal phenotype; establish more reliable associations between causal historical processes and biological outcomes; develop a universally standardized scheme for biological classifications; and generally promote novel avenues of thought in many arenas of comparative evolutionary biology. This authoritative reference work brings together, for the first time, experts on all major groups of organisms to assemble a timetree of life. The result is a comprehensive resource on evolutionary history which will be an indispensable reference for scientists, educators, and students in the life sciences, earth sciences, and molecular biology. For each major group of organism, a representative is illustrated and a timetree of families and higher taxonomic groups is shown. Basic aspects of the evolutionary history of the group, the fossil record, and competing hypotheses of relationships are discussed. Details of the divergence times are presented for each node in the timetree, and primary literature references are included. The book is complemented by an online database (www.timetree.net) which allows researchers to both deposit and retrieve data.
Genetics Paleontology And Macroevolution
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Author : Jeffrey Levinton
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 1988-01-29
Genetics Paleontology And Macroevolution written by Jeffrey Levinton and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1988-01-29 with Science categories.
Genetics, Paleontology, and Macroevolution describes the patterns and processes that lead to evolutionary changes of large magnitude. It outlines a strategy for the study of large-scale evolutionary processes and summarizes critically the work that has been done. The author integrates all evolutionary processes, from those on the molecular level to large-scale historical approaches taken by paleontologists, and relates systematics, developmental biology, population genetics, and paleontology. Unlike any other book on the subject of evolution, this treatise argues many points that form the basis of lively and unresolved discussions. Primarily intended for a graduate level course, this book will stimulate the thoughts of everyone interested in evolutionary biology and paleontology.
Molecular Evolution And Phylogenetics
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Author : Masatoshi Nei
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2000-07-27
Molecular Evolution And Phylogenetics written by Masatoshi Nei and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000-07-27 with Science categories.
During the last ten years, remarkable progress has occurred in the study of molecular evolution. Among the most important factors that are responsible for this progress are the development of new statistical methods and advances in computational technology. In particular, phylogenetic analysis of DNA or protein sequences has become a powerful tool for studying molecular evolution. Along with this developing technology, the application of the new statistical and computational methods has become more complicated and there is no comprehensive volume that treats these methods in depth. Molecular Evolution and Phylogenetics fills this gap and present various statistical methods that are easily accessible to general biologists as well as biochemists, bioinformatists and graduate students. The text covers measurement of sequence divergence, construction of phylogenetic trees, statistical tests for detection of positive Darwinian selection, inference of ancestral amino acid sequences, construction of linearized trees, and analysis of allele frequency data. Emphasis is given to practical methods of data analysis, and methods can be learned by working through numerical examples using the computer program MEGA2 that is provided.
Understanding The Tripartite Approach To Bayesian Divergence Time Estimation
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Author : Rachel C. M. Warnock
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2021-02-04
Understanding The Tripartite Approach To Bayesian Divergence Time Estimation written by Rachel C. M. Warnock and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-02-04 with Science categories.
Placing evolutionary events in the context of geological time is a fundamental goal in paleobiology and macroevolution. In this Element we describe the tripartite model used for Bayesian estimation of time calibrated phylogenetic trees. The model can be readily separated into its component models: the substitution model, the clock model and the tree model. We provide an overview of the most widely used models for each component and highlight the advantages of implementing the tripartite model within a Bayesian framework.
An Introduction To Molecular Evolution And Phylogenetics
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Author : Lindell Bromham
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2016
An Introduction To Molecular Evolution And Phylogenetics written by Lindell Bromham and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with DNA. categories.
Previous edition published as Reading the story in DNA: a beginner's guide to molecular evolution by Oxford University Press, 2008.
From Clone To Bone
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Author : Robert J. Asher
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2012-10-18
From Clone To Bone written by Robert J. Asher and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-10-18 with Science categories.
Since the 1980s, a renewed understanding of molecular development has afforded an unprecedented level of knowledge of the mechanisms by which phenotype in animals and plants has evolved. In this volume, top scientists in these fields provide perspectives on how molecular data in biology help to elucidate key questions in estimating paleontological divergence and in understanding the mechanisms behind phenotypic evolution. Paleobiological questions such as genome size, digit homologies, genetic control cascades behind phenotype, estimates of vertebrate divergence dates, and rates of morphological evolution are addressed, with a special emphasis on how molecular biology can inform paleontology, directly and indirectly, to better understand life's past. Highlighting a significant shift towards interdisciplinary collaboration, this is a valuable resource for students and researchers interested in the integration of organismal and molecular biology.