Integration Of Microbial And Chemical Controls Against Codling Moth Cydia Pomonella L
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Integration Of Microbial And Chemical Controls Against Codling Moth Cydia Pomonella L
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Author : Waheed Ibrahim Bajwa
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1996
Integration Of Microbial And Chemical Controls Against Codling Moth Cydia Pomonella L written by Waheed Ibrahim Bajwa and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996 with Codling moth categories.
The feasibility of managing codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), with mixtures of Bacillus thuringiensis-based microbial and selected chemical insecticides was studied under laboratory and field conditions. Joint actions (synergism, additivity and antagonism) of these mixtures were determined for both egg and larval stages. Higher rates of microbial control agents (MCAs), Dipel® 2X and MVP®, combined with low to medium rates of chemical insecticides gave additive or synergistic egg and/or larval mortality. Esfenvalerate and permethrin synergised the effect of these MCAs, whereas carbaryl, azinphosmethyl, phosmet and diflubenzuron had an additive effects. For all chemical insecticides, often the interactions were better with Dipel than MVP. Generally, egg exposure to low rates of the chemical insecticides alone or in combination with MCAs, caused the larvae hatching from these eggs to be more susceptible to insecticides-MCA mixtures. Most mixtures produced better results when treated at the blackhead stage of egg development. Adult and larval exposure to sublethal rates of azinphosmethyl, phosmet, carbaryl, esfenvalerate and permethrin manifested short- and long-term effects. Adult exposure caused deleterious effects on the survival and oviposition, and the larval exposures affected survival and pupal formation. Carbaryl, esfenvalerate and permethrin affected the pupal survival and subsequent eclosion of adults. Only esfenvalerate and permethrin significantly extended the larval period and reduced pupal weight and subsequent egg deposition. The deleterious sublethal effects of pyrethroids observed in the present study may provide added control of codling moth in the field. Diflubenzuron and MCAs had neither adulticidal activity nor long-term effects on codling moth biology. Results of field efficacy tests indicate that utilization of mixtures of Dipel with low rates of pyrethroids (0.1-0.2X) or diflubenzuron (0.25-0.50X) in the codling moth management is possible and indeed might be beneficial. Dipel-diflubenzuron mixtures were only suitable when applied 3 times/generation. These mixtures were environmentally safe and did not cause any outbreak of phytophagous mites. Standard application rate (2 times/generation) and timing were found to be appropriate for Dipel-pyrethroid (esfenvalerate and permethrin) mixtures. These pyrethroids at all test rates (0.1-1.0X), applied alone or mixed with MCAs, were toxic to predatory phytoseiids, thus caused an outbreak of European red mite and yellow spider mites particularly at higher rates. However, mixtures of Dipel and 0.1X of esfenvalerate/permethrin were less disruptive than corresponding 0.2-1.0X standard rate. These mixtures were selective to most predatory insects, spiders and Zetzellia malt. Hence, use of these mixtures instead of full rate of pyrethroids may improve the prospects of biological control of insect and mite pests in apple orchards.
Rearing Codling Moth For The Sterile Insect Technique
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Author : Victor Arnold Dyck
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
Rearing Codling Moth For The Sterile Insect Technique written by Victor Arnold Dyck and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Codling moth categories.
Field Studies On The Chemical And Microbial Control Of The Codling Moth In The Beqa A
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Author : Ara Antranik Kemkemian
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1978
Field Studies On The Chemical And Microbial Control Of The Codling Moth In The Beqa A written by Ara Antranik Kemkemian and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1978 with Agriculture categories.
Factors Influencing Sterile Codling Moth Cydia Pomonella L Recapture Dispersion And Effectiveness As A Control Tactic In Apple Orchard Systems
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Author : Robert T. Curtiss (III)
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2021
Factors Influencing Sterile Codling Moth Cydia Pomonella L Recapture Dispersion And Effectiveness As A Control Tactic In Apple Orchard Systems written by Robert T. Curtiss (III) and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021 with Electronic dissertations categories.
The sterile insect technique is a proven technology used in the control and eradication of a number of pest insects over large areas. However, using this technology on a farm scale is a new and unproven application that until now has not been explored. This dissertation examines the impact of integrating the sterile insect technique for codling moth (Cydia pomonella) into existing farm-scale commercial apple pest management programs, methods of release, the sterile insect's interactions with the orchard, how existing management schemes are compatible with releases of sterile C. pomonella, the role of sterile female moths and dispersive distances. The main objectives were to 1) determine the impact of release methods on moth dispersal; 2) measure moth dispersal in contemporary trellised or netted orchards, and in orchards planted on steep terrain; 3) determine male and female dispersal in orchards treated with pheromone mating disruption; 4) establish release densities and timings to manage C. pomonella; 5) integrate sterile codling moths into existing commercial apple pest management programs; 6) elucidate the role of sterile females in controlling C. pomonella males; 7) determine the probability of male and female codling moth catches from specified distances using traps baited with a pheromone/kairomone combination lure in a single-trap, multiple-release experimental design; and 8) apply this information for estimating trap plume reach, maximum moth dispersive distance and absolute pest density based on moth catch in traps. Comparison of releases by hand at a single central location versus evenly released throughout the orchard showed higher overall recapture of sterile moths in all traps placed within the orchard when they were released at the center, suggesting that higher numbers of moths were retained in targeted areas with this method. For releases by hand or by unmanned aerial systems (UAS), recapture of sterile moths was higher when released by UAS. Orchard characteristics were found to impact sterile moth dispersal from single central locations; moths moved away from release points more in trellised orchards than in those with large old single trees. Male and female dispersal in orchards with mating disruption was similar, but shorter than in orchards without mating disruption. Sterile codling moths released on commercial farms controlled wild populations when released at densities ranging from 500 to 2000/ha and increasing numbers of sterile females were shown to increase the disruption of wild populations. Deploying sterile males and females at lower densities than the standard 2000/ha or targeting the peak flight of one or both generations showed promise as a means of making SIT a more cost-effective tactic for managing C. pomonella at a farm scale. In orchards with mating disruption, the plume reach of a single codling moth trap baited with a PHEROCON® CM-DA COMBOTM Lure + AA Lure (Trece, Inc.) was found to be very small, maximum dispersal distance was ca. 100-130m, corresponding to a trapping radius of ca 3-5ha. Pest density estimates, based on capture of a single moth in traps, were shown to correspond to 113-180 moths/ha.
Comparison Of Microbial And Chemical Pesticides Against The Codling Moth In The Beq A
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Author : Abdul Hakim Khan
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1975
Comparison Of Microbial And Chemical Pesticides Against The Codling Moth In The Beq A written by Abdul Hakim Khan and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1975 with Codling moth categories.
A Roadmap To The Successful Development And Commercialization Of Microbial Pest Control Products For Control Of Arthropods
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Author : Willem J. Ravensberg
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2011-02-09
A Roadmap To The Successful Development And Commercialization Of Microbial Pest Control Products For Control Of Arthropods written by Willem J. Ravensberg and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-02-09 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Biocontrol is among the most promising methods for a safe, environmentally benign and sustainable pest control. Microbial pesticides offer a great potential, and it is anticipated that they will become a substantial part of the use of all crop protection products. Their development and commercialization, however, has been difficult and with many failures. In this book a rational and structured roadmap has been designed for the development and commercialization of microbial pest control products for the control of arthropod pests. The building blocks of the entire process are identified and essential aspects highlighted. Biopesticides based on entomopathogenic bacteria, fungi, viruses and nematodes are elaborately discussed. This systematic roadmap with a strong focus on economics and market introduction will assist academic researchers and industrial developers of biopesticides in accomplishing their goal: the development of successful cost-effective microbial pesticides.
Field Manual Of Techniques In Invertebrate Pathology
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Author : Lawrence A. Lacey
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2007-10-04
Field Manual Of Techniques In Invertebrate Pathology written by Lawrence A. Lacey and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-10-04 with Science categories.
The basic tools include chapters on the theory and practice of application of microbial control agents (MCAs) (Section I), statistical considerations in the design of experiments (Section II), and three chapters on application equipment and strategies (Section III). Section IV includes individual chapters on the major pathogen groups (virus, bacteria, microsporidia, fungi, and nematodes) and special considerations for their evaluation under field conditions. This section sets the stage for subsequent chapters on the impact of naturally occurring and introduced exotic pathogens and inundative application of MCAs. Twenty-three chapters on the application and evaluation of MCAs in a wide variety of agricultural, forest, domestic and aquatic habitats comprise Section VII of the Field Manual. In addition to insect pests, the inclusion of mites and slugs broadens the scope of the book.
Bio Management Of Postharvest Diseases And Mycotoxigenic Fungi
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Author : Neeta Sharma
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2020-08-31
Bio Management Of Postharvest Diseases And Mycotoxigenic Fungi written by Neeta Sharma and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-08-31 with Technology & Engineering categories.
There is an ever-increasing demand for more food but one of the stumbling blocks to achieving this goal is quality and quantity losses due to various pests and pathogens and the mycotoxins synthesized by these harmful biotic entities. Thus far, strategies employed to manage these post-harvest diseases and mycotoxins decontamination include established physical, cultural, and chemical methods. Recently, the application of chemicals to reduce decay and deterioration caused by various pathogens has been impeded as these hazardous chemicals contaminate the environment, enter the food chain, and destroy beneficial microorganisms and pests by aiming at non-target microorganisms. In light of this, the usage of eco-friendly and non-polluting alternatives to chemical pesticides is the call of the hour. Bio-management of Postharvest Diseases and Mycotoxigenic Fungi deals with the current state and future prospects of using various bio-management techniques that are natural, eco-friendly, and environmentally safe. It aims to increase awareness of their potential as well as sensitizing readers to the various aspects of biologicals in pest control. Key Features: Highlights classical versus new techniques adopted to manage postharvest diseases Discusses novel approaches in managing fungal spoilage and mycotoxin decontamination Provides readers with a 360-degree perspective of the pre- and post-harvest quality mycotoxin decontamination research being conducted Details proposals of new ideas to ensure a food secure and pesticide-free world This book disseminates notable and diversified scientific work carried out by leading experts in their own field. Written by qualified scientists in each of their respective disciplines, it can serve as a current and comprehensive treatise on the emerging field of bio-management of postharvest diseases and mycotoxin decontamination by products that are "generally regarded as safe."
Integrated Pest Management
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Author : D. P. Abrol
language : en
Publisher: CABI
Release Date : 2012
Integrated Pest Management written by D. P. Abrol and has been published by CABI this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Providing a critical evaluation of the management strategies involved in ecologically-based pest management, this book presents a balanced overview of environmentally safe and ecologically sound approaches. Topics covered include biological control with fungi and viruses, conservation of natural predators, use of botanicals and how effective pest management can help promote food security. In the broader context of agriculture, sustainability and environmental protection, the book provides a multidisciplinary and multinational perspective on integrated pest management useful to researchers in entomology, crop protection, environmental sciences and pest management.
A Comparison Between Mating Disruption And Conventional Pest Management For The Control Of Codling Moth Cydia Pomonella L
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Author : Colleen P. S. O'Flaherty
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1998
A Comparison Between Mating Disruption And Conventional Pest Management For The Control Of Codling Moth Cydia Pomonella L written by Colleen P. S. O'Flaherty and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998 with categories.