Intellectual Property And Access To Medicines In Africa
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Intellectual Property Law And Access To Medicines
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Author : Srividhya Ragavan
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2021-07-28
Intellectual Property Law And Access To Medicines written by Srividhya Ragavan and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-07-28 with Law categories.
The history of patent harmonization is a story of dynamic actors, whose interactions with established structures shaped the patent regime. From the inception of the trade regime to include intellectual property (IP) rights to the present, this book documents the role of different sets of actors – states, transnational business corporations, or civil society groups – and their influence on the structures – such as national and international agreements, organizations, and private entities – that have caused changes to healthcare and access to medication. Presenting the debates over patents, trade, and the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS Agreement), as it galvanized non-state and nonbusiness actors, the book highlights how an alternative framing and understanding of pharmaceutical patent rights emerged: as a public issue, instead of a trade or IP issue. The book thus offers an important analysis of the legal and political dynamics through which the contest for access to lifesaving medication has been, and will continue to be, fought. In addition to academics working in the areas of international law, development, and public health, this book will also be of interest to policy makers, state actors, and others with relevant concerns working in nongovernmental and international organizations.
Intellectual Property Pharmaceuticals And Public Health
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Author : Kenneth C. Shadlen
language : en
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
Release Date : 2011-01-01
Intellectual Property Pharmaceuticals And Public Health written by Kenneth C. Shadlen and has been published by Edward Elgar Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-01-01 with Medical categories.
'This impressive collection offers fascinating new perspectives on the impact of pharmaceutical patents on access to medicines in developing countries. The volume's editors have put together an important book that sets out clearly the challenges to public health in a wide range of national contexts. The book will be a valuable text for all scholars and decision-makers interested in the global politics of intellectual property rights and public health.' – Duncan Matthews, Queen Mary, University of London, UK This up-to-date book examines pharmaceutical development, access to medicines, and the protection of public health in the context of two fundamental changes that the global political economy has undergone since the 1970s, the globalization of trade and production and the increased harmonization of national regulations on intellectual property rights. With authors from eleven different countries presenting case studies of national experiences in Africa, Asia and the Americas, the book analyzes national strategies to promote pharmaceutical innovation, while at the same time assuring widespread access to medicines through generic pharmaceutical production and generic pharmaceutical importation. The expert chapters focus on patents as well as an array of regulatory instruments, including pricing and drug registration policies. Presenting in-depth analysis and original empirical research, this book will strongly appeal to academics and students of intellectual property, international health, international political economy, international development and law.
Intellectual Property Trade Human Rights And Access To Medicines In Africa A Reader
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Author : Atangcho N Akonumbo
language : en
Publisher: Pretoria University Law Press
Release Date : 2022-01-01
Intellectual Property Trade Human Rights And Access To Medicines In Africa A Reader written by Atangcho N Akonumbo and has been published by Pretoria University Law Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-01-01 with Law categories.
Intellectual property, trade, human rights and access to medicines in Africa: A reader by Atangcho N Akonumbo explores the current debates and conflicts pertaining to intellectual property (IP), trade and access to medicines in Africa as a public health issue, in a public health context. The Reader has a broad focus running across fourteen chapters. It examines the complex web of access to medicines, while introducing major concepts pertaining to access to medicines such as IP, trade, medicine and human rights, and provides a historical overview of the nexus between IP and human rights. It establishes the link between human rights, IP and access to medicines within the context of developing countries broadly and Africa in particular. The Reader discusses key flexibilities within the international IP framework championed by the TRIPS Agreement to enhance access to medicines, including compulsory licensing and parallel importation, while addressing impediments therein which provoked the Doha Declaration and arrangements thereafter. Also, it examines issues such as the implications of data exclusivity and linkage techniques; the role of anti-counterfeiting and competition laws in checking the effect of IP regimes; current threats to access to medicines at the international, regional and national levels such as the influence of regional or bilateral trade agreements; and research and development in respect of medicines for neglected and (re)emerging infectious diseases. It discusses the contributions of naturopathic and traditional medicines as parallel and complementary systems to modern medicine in the access to medicines landscape in the African context. The Reader further addresses the implications of the difficulty of access to medicines for women, children and other social minorities such as disabled persons and Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender (LGBT) persons. This Reader comes at a critical time, and potentially, a turning point in the history of public health crisis in Africa – when concerns about access to medicines have been heightened in the face of (re)emerging diseases and today the Covid-19 pandemic – a situation which has revealed gross lapses in public health governance. It is written in a simple language, making its content accessible to a wide audience. It contains informative and useful graphs, text boxes and illustrative excerpts from various primary and secondary sources. The Reader is likely to become an invaluable tool for a wide range of persons and institutions, including academics, students, legal practitioners, health professionals, drug procurement agencies, civil society organisations and the public at large, involved or interested in the access to medicines discourse.
Private Patents And Public Health
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Author : Ellen F. M. 't Hoen
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Private Patents And Public Health written by Ellen F. M. 't Hoen and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
Millions of people around the world do not have access to the medicines they need to treat disease or alleviate suffering. Strict patent regimes introduced following the establishment of the World Trade Organization in 1995 interfere with widespread access to medicines by creating monopolies that keep medicines prices well out of reach for many. 0The AIDS crisis in the late nineties brought access to medicines challenges to the public?s attention, when millions of people in developing countries died from an illness for which medicines existed, but were not available or affordable. Faced with an unprecedented health crisis ? 8,000 people dying daily ? the public health community launched an unprecedented global effort that eventually resulted in the large-scale availability of low-priced generic HIV medicines. 0But now, high prices of new medicines - for example, for cancer, tuberculosis and hepatitis C - are limiting access to treatment in low-, middle and high-income countries alike. Patent-based monopolies affect almost all medicines developed since 1995 in most countries, and global health policy is now at a critical juncture if the world is to avoid new access to medicines crises. 0This book discusses lessons learned from the HIV/AIDS crisis, and asks whether actions taken to extend access and save lives are exclusive to HIV or can be applied more broadly to new global access challenges.
The Oxford Handbook Of Global Health Politics
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Author : Colin McInnes
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020
The Oxford Handbook Of Global Health Politics written by Colin McInnes and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with Medical categories.
Controlling a major infectious disease outbreak or reducing rising rates of diabetes worldwide is not just about applying medical science. Protecting and promoting health is inherently a political endeavor that requires understanding of who gets what, where, and why. The Oxford Handbook of Global Health Politics presents the most comprehensive overview of how and why power lies at the heart of global health determinants and outcomes. The chapters are written by internationally recognized experts working at the intersection of politics and global health. The wide-ranging chapters provide key insights for understanding how advances in global health cannot be achieved without attention to political actors, processes, and outcomes.
Wipo Re Search Collaborating To Mobilize The Power Of Intellectual Property For Global Health
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Author : World Intellectual Property Organization
language : en
Publisher: WIPO
Release Date : 2018-11-15
Wipo Re Search Collaborating To Mobilize The Power Of Intellectual Property For Global Health written by World Intellectual Property Organization and has been published by WIPO this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-11-15 with Law categories.
WIPO Re:Search aims to catalyze the development of medical products for neglected tropical diseases, malaria and tuberculosis through innovative research partnerships and knowledge sharing.
Intellectual Property Law And Access To Medicines
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Author : Srividhya Ragavan
language : en
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Release Date : 2021-07-28
Intellectual Property Law And Access To Medicines written by Srividhya Ragavan and has been published by Taylor & Francis this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-07-28 with Law categories.
The history of patent harmonization is a story of dynamic actors, whose interactions with established structures shaped the patent regime. From the inception of the trade regime to include intellectual property (IP) rights to the present, this book documents the role of different sets of actors – states, transnational business corporations, or civil society groups – and their influence on the structures – such as national and international agreements, organizations, and private entities – that have caused changes to healthcare and access to medication. Presenting the debates over patents, trade, and the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS Agreement), as it galvanized non-state and nonbusiness actors, the book highlights how an alternative framing and understanding of pharmaceutical patent rights emerged: as a public issue, instead of a trade or IP issue. The book thus offers an important analysis of the legal and political dynamics through which the contest for access to lifesaving medication has been, and will continue to be, fought. In addition to academics working in the areas of international law, development, and public health, this book will also be of interest to policy makers, state actors, and others with relevant concerns working in nongovernmental and international organizations.
Managing The Challenges Of Wto Participation
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Author : Peter Gallagher
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2005-12-15
Managing The Challenges Of Wto Participation written by Peter Gallagher and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-12-15 with Business & Economics categories.
This 2005 compilation of 45 case studies documents disparate experiences among economies in addressing the challenges of participating in the WTO. It demonstrates that success or failure is strongly influenced by how governments and private sector stakeholders organise themselves at home. The contributors, mainly from developing countries, give examples of participation with lessons for others. They show that when the system is accessed and employed effectively, it can serve the interests of poor and rich countries alike. However, a failure to communicate among interested parties at home often contributes to negative outcomes on the international front. Above all, these case studies demonstrate that the WTO creates a framework within which sovereign decision-making can unleash important opportunities or undermine the potential benefits flowing from a rules-based international environment that promotes open trade.
Intellectual Property And Access To Medicines In Africa
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Author : Olasupo Owoeye
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2019-05-17
Intellectual Property And Access To Medicines In Africa written by Olasupo Owoeye and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-05-17 with Law categories.
A major target of Goal 3 of the Sustainable Development Goals adopted by the United Nations in 2015 is the elimination of ‘the epidemics of AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria and neglected tropical diseases’ and combating ‘hepatitis, water-borne diseases and other communicable diseases’. Intellectual property (IP) has been identified as one of the factors impeding access to affordable medicines in developing countries, especially in relation to the HIV pandemic. This book examines the scope of the existing flexibilities in international IP law for promoting access to medicines. It analyses the factors accounting for the underutilisation of the flexibilities in Africa and the measures that African countries may adopt to address the IP barriers to access to medicines. It explores the regional strategies that Africa can adopt to resolve the tension between IP regimes and access to medicines. It also highlights how trade liberalisation and regional integration can play crucial roles in enhancing the use of TRIPS flexibilities, local pharmaceutical manufacturing and access to medicines in Africa. By adopting qualitative research methods to investigate how African countries may effectively use IP to serve public health purposes through the stratagem of regional integration, this book will be a valuable contribution to the existing literature on IP.
Public Health Innovation And Intellectual Property Rights
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: WHO
Release Date : 2006-01-01
Public Health Innovation And Intellectual Property Rights written by and has been published by WHO this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-01-01 with HEALTH & FITNESS categories.
The Commission was established by the World Health Assembly in 2003 to: "...collect data and proposals from the different actors involved and produce an analysis of intellectual property rights, innovation, and public health, including the question of appropriate funding and incentive mechanisms for the creation of new medicines and other products against diseases that disproportionately affect developing countries..." This report looks at the process of innovation, the path to application and the ways of getting products to patients, ways of fostering innovation in developing countries, and ways to promote both innovation and access