International Commodity Control Retrospect And Prospect
DOWNLOAD
Download International Commodity Control Retrospect And Prospect PDF/ePub or read online books in Mobi eBooks. Click Download or Read Online button to get International Commodity Control Retrospect And Prospect book now. This website allows unlimited access to, at the time of writing, more than 1.5 million titles, including hundreds of thousands of titles in various foreign languages. If the content not found or just blank you must refresh this page
International Commodity Control Retrospect And Prospect
DOWNLOAD
Author : Christopher L. Gilbert
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 1995
International Commodity Control Retrospect And Prospect written by Christopher L. Gilbert and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995 with categories.
International Commodity Control
DOWNLOAD
Author : Christopher L. Gilbert
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
International Commodity Control written by Christopher L. Gilbert and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
International Commodity Control Retrospect And Prospect
DOWNLOAD
Author : L. Christopher Gilbert
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1999
International Commodity Control Retrospect And Prospect written by L. Christopher Gilbert and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with categories.
November 1995 Support for international commodity agreements is waning, but the commodity problem remains. And producer cartels are the main alternative. International commodity agreements (ICAs) fit uneasily in a world in which markets are becoming globalized and increasingly competitive. Development policy -- both as preached by international agencies and as practiced by typically democratically elected and nonsocialist governments in the major producing countries -- emphasizes productive efficiency, product quality, and effective marketing. This is a long way from the ideology that gave central place to supply restrictions operating through central marketing boards and quota allocations. In today's less centralized, more competitive world, the winners and losers from commodity stabilization are more evenly distributed across producing and consuming countries. Commodity policy is no longer a matter of redistribution from consumers to producers. This institutional change has been reinforced by the widespread belief -- evidenced, for example, by the collapse of the international tin and coffee agreements -- that commodity market stabilization through international agreements cannot succeed. In earlier decades, the belief that stabilization could and would improve the position of commodity producers provided the impetus for resolving some of the problems that intervention threw up. Since the collapse of the tin market in 1985, the belief that commodity market stabilization cannot work has undermined producers' willingness to try to resolve difficulties within existing ICAs and has reinforced the suspicion of consumer governments that these agreements were in no one's interests. In the current climate, encouraging competitive markets, state interventions are seen as requiring clear justification in terms of market failure. The existence of active futures markets in all of the industries that have commodity agreements makes justification along these lines problematic. But the commodity problem has not disappeared, and producers may look for other mechanisms to raise prices from often very low levels in industries experiencing excess capacity. Developed country governments may be forced to decide whether they prefer to see markets controlled by producer cartels (where they will lack representation) or under the auspices of international commodity agreements. An earlier version of this paper -- a product of the Commodity Policy and Analysis Unit, International Economics Department -- was prepared as a background working paper for Global Economic Prospects 1994.
The International Monetary Fund Retrospect Prospect
DOWNLOAD
Author : NA NA
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2015-12-22
The International Monetary Fund Retrospect Prospect written by NA NA and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-12-22 with Political Science categories.
Governing Global Production
DOWNLOAD
Author : J. Wilson
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2013-02-04
Governing Global Production written by J. Wilson and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-02-04 with Political Science categories.
Northeast Asian steel industries have developed global production networks, but by spanning multiple national spaces, these networks unite many national economies while belonging exclusively to none. Who, therefore, is in control? Jeffrey D. Wilson examines how states and firms coordinate their activities to govern global production.
World Agriculture Towards 2015 2030
DOWNLOAD
Author : Jelle Bruinsma
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2017-09-25
World Agriculture Towards 2015 2030 written by Jelle Bruinsma and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-09-25 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This report is FAO's latest assessment of the long-term outlook for the world's food supplies, nutrition and agriculture. It presents the projections and the main messages. The projections cover supply and demand for the major agricultural commodities and sectors, including fisheries and forestry. This analysis forms the basis for a more detailed examination of other factors, such as nutrition and undernourishment, and the implications for international trade. The report also investigates the implications of future supply and demand for the natural resource base and discusses how technology can contribute to more sustainable development. One of the report's main findings is that, if no corrective action is taken, the target set by the World Food Summit in 1996 (that of halving the number of undernourished people by 2015) is not going to be met. Nothing short of a massive effort at improving the overall development performance will free the developing world of its most pressing food insecurity problems. The progress made towards this target depends on many factors, not least of which are political will and the mobilization of additional resources. Past experience underlines the crucial role of agriculture in the development process, particularly where the majority of the population still depends on this sector for employment and income.
Dealing With Commodity Price Uncertainty
DOWNLOAD
Author : Panos Varangis
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 1996
Dealing With Commodity Price Uncertainty written by Panos Varangis and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996 with Commodity exchanges categories.
Agricultura Market And Risk
DOWNLOAD
Author : Mifflin And Company Houghton
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2019-03-16
Agricultura Market And Risk written by Mifflin And Company Houghton and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-03-16 with categories.
This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Fairtrade And Market Failures In Agricultural Commodity Markets
DOWNLOAD
Author : Loraine Ronchi
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2006
Fairtrade And Market Failures In Agricultural Commodity Markets written by Loraine Ronchi and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with Access to Markets categories.
This paper concerns an NGO intervention in agricultural commodity markets known as Fairtrade. Fairtrade pays producers a minimum unit price and provides capacity building support to member cooperative organizations. Fairtrade's organizational capacity support targets those factors believed to reduce the commodity producer's share of returns. Specifically, Fairtrade justifies its intervention in markets like coffee by claiming that market power and a lack of capacity in producer organizations 'marks down' the prices producers receive. As the market share of Fairtrade coffee grows in importance, its intervention in commodity markets is of increasing interest. Using an original data set collected from fieldwork in Costa Rica, this paper assesses the role of Fairtrade in overcoming the market factors it claims limits producer returns. Features of the Costa Rican input market for coffee permit a generalization of the results. The empirical results find that market power is a limiting factor in the Costa Rican market and that Fairtrade does improve the efficiency of cooperatives, thereby increasing the returns to producers. These results do not depend on the minimum price policy of Fairtrade and therefore can inform on its organizational support activities. Finally, the results also suggest that producers selling to vertically integrated, multinational coffee mills face lower producer price 'mark-downs' compared with domestically owned non-cooperative mills. This result contradicts the popular view that the increasing concentration of vertically integrated multinational firms accounts for a decline in producers' share of coffee returns.
Africa And Sustainable Global Value Chains
DOWNLOAD
Author : Regina Frei
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2022-03-11
Africa And Sustainable Global Value Chains written by Regina Frei and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-03-11 with Science categories.
This book contains a collection of studies on the interactions between businesses in Africa and Global Value Chains (GVCs) in terms of social, environmental and economic sustainability. This is particularly pertinent given the asymmetrical power distribution between the global buyer and the African supplier, their governance relationships and the ongoing competitive pressures to reduce costs and increase flexibility to meet GVC demands. Rather than focusing on the sustainability of a single organization, GVCs address the sustainability of inter-firm value chains and global industries as a whole. With little differentiation between value chain creation and social / environmental degradation extending to people and raw material extraction (upstream) and disposal or recycling (downstream), sustainability issues need to be at the forefront of African business research interests. Nowadays, sustainability is considered a competitive advantage for a firm looking to join a GVC. Whether sustainability is approached from the viewpoint of an exporting firm motivated to join a GVC in its respective industry or whether a firm’s continuing contractual or collaborative relationship with a buyer depends on its compliance with sustainability standards, both approaches focus on the ability of firms in Africa to benefit from joining sustainable GVCs.