International Comparisons Of Cost Of Illness
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International Comparisons Of Cost Of Illness
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Author : R. Heijink
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2006
International Comparisons Of Cost Of Illness written by R. Heijink and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with categories.
A Disease Based Comparison Of Health Systems
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Author : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
language : en
Publisher: OECD Publishing
Release Date : 2003
A Disease Based Comparison Of Health Systems written by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and has been published by OECD Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with Medical categories.
This volume contains papers presented at a workshop held in June 2002 on issues related to the study of ageing-related diseases. The OECD-Ageing-Related Disease study investigated how health systems treat three diseases: ischaemic heart disease, stroke and breast cancer. Also a number of key questions were addressed. Such as, what approach to treating certain ageing-related diseases works best and at what cost? and what combination of health care system, combining prevention, detection, technology and treatment, is the most cost-effective? A comparison was made between the approaches of different countries.
Cost Of Illness Of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus In Low And Lower Middle Income Countries A Systematic Review
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Author : Afroz Afsana
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
Cost Of Illness Of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus In Low And Lower Middle Income Countries A Systematic Review written by Afroz Afsana and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with categories.
Abstract Background: Diabetes is one of the most prevalent and serious non-communicable diseases (NCDs) globally. It is a leading cause of death, disability and economic loss, and it is identified as a major threat to global development. The chronic nature of diabetes and its related complications make it a costly disease. Estimating the total cost of an illness is a useful aid to national and international health policy decision making. Aims: The aim of this systematic review is to summarise the impact of cost-of-illness of type 2 diabetes mellitus in low and lower-middle income countries, and to identify methodological gaps in measuring cost-of-illness of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Method: This systematic review considers studies that reported cost-of-illness of type 2 diabetes in subjects aged 18 years and above in low and lower-middle income countries. The search engines MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PSYCINFO and COCHRANE were used until May 2016. Two authors independently identified eligible studies. Costs reported in the included studies were converted to US dollars using the FX currency converter considering the date mentioned in the study.Results: The systematic search identified eight eligible studies conducted in low and lower-middle income countries. There was a considerable variation in the costs and method used in these studies. Estimated average total annual cost ranged from US$198.92 to US$314.15, direct costs ranged from US$106.53 to US$293.79 and indirect costs ranged from US$1.92 to US$73.4 per person per year. One study which included costs associated with complications reported higher annual average cost of US$572.6 per person. Inpatient cost was the major contributor of direct costs followed by drug costs. The cost of consultation, laboratory testing and drug were common between the studies. The magnitude of the cost increased as the number of cost components increased in a study. Studies those limited to fewer categories of cost components are likely to have underestimated actual costs of type 2 diabetes mellitus. All reported direct costs were calculated from a patientu2019s perspective and all indirect costs were measured using a human capital approach. Quality of the studies included in this review were evaluated on a 17 points scale with a median score 8.25. Among the studies only three described the factors of direct cost using multivariable analysis where education, income, number of complications, duration of diabetes, mode of treatment, hospitalization and surgery were found to be associated with direct costs after adjustment for other potential variables. Discussion: Type 2 diabetes mellitus imposes a considerable economic burden which most directly affects the patients in low and lower-middle income countries. This is the first systematic review which appraise the cost-of-illness of type 2 diabetes mellitus in low and lower-middle income countries only. The most notable findings of this review is a wide variation in methodology that has been used to estimate the cost-of-illness and the cost components. The quality of the reviewed studies was fair. The strength of this present study is that it incorporated a systematic search and used the recommended methodology for a review study. A dual review was done with the aim of reducing potential bias in the study selection. As the focus and methodology of the reviewed studies were heterogeneous, we were unable to aggregate data for meta-analysis. There is enormous scopes for adding research based evidence which are methodologically sound to obtain more accurate estimation of cost and to facilitate comparison between studies. Finding of such studies will help public health policymakers for establishing health care priorities and allocating scarce resources for the greatest benefits of the people with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Learning From Sars
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Author : Institute of Medicine
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2004-04-26
Learning From Sars written by Institute of Medicine and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-04-26 with Medical categories.
The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in late 2002 and 2003 challenged the global public health community to confront a novel epidemic that spread rapidly from its origins in southern China until it had reached more than 25 other countries within a matter of months. In addition to the number of patients infected with the SARS virus, the disease had profound economic and political repercussions in many of the affected regions. Recent reports of isolated new SARS cases and a fear that the disease could reemerge and spread have put public health officials on high alert for any indications of possible new outbreaks. This report examines the response to SARS by public health systems in individual countries, the biology of the SARS coronavirus and related coronaviruses in animals, the economic and political fallout of the SARS epidemic, quarantine law and other public health measures that apply to combating infectious diseases, and the role of international organizations and scientific cooperation in halting the spread of SARS. The report provides an illuminating survey of findings from the epidemic, along with an assessment of what might be needed in order to contain any future outbreaks of SARS or other emerging infections.
Crossing The Global Quality Chasm
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Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2019-01-27
Crossing The Global Quality Chasm written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-01-27 with Medical categories.
In 2015, building on the advances of the Millennium Development Goals, the United Nations adopted Sustainable Development Goals that include an explicit commitment to achieve universal health coverage by 2030. However, enormous gaps remain between what is achievable in human health and where global health stands today, and progress has been both incomplete and unevenly distributed. In order to meet this goal, a deliberate and comprehensive effort is needed to improve the quality of health care services globally. Crossing the Global Quality Chasm: Improving Health Care Worldwide focuses on one particular shortfall in health care affecting global populations: defects in the quality of care. This study reviews the available evidence on the quality of care worldwide and makes recommendations to improve health care quality globally while expanding access to preventive and therapeutic services, with a focus in low-resource areas. Crossing the Global Quality Chasm emphasizes the organization and delivery of safe and effective care at the patient/provider interface. This study explores issues of access to services and commodities, effectiveness, safety, efficiency, and equity. Focusing on front line service delivery that can directly impact health outcomes for individuals and populations, this book will be an essential guide for key stakeholders, governments, donors, health systems, and others involved in health care.
Disease Control Priorities Third Edition Volume 9
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Author : Dean T. Jamison
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2023-01-18
Disease Control Priorities Third Edition Volume 9 written by Dean T. Jamison and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-01-18 with Health & Fitness categories.
Annotation This volume discusses health system policies (including financing global health, quality of care, and strengthening regulatory systems in low- and middle-income countries), as well as the methods and resources used throughout all DCP3 volumes.
Disease Control Priorities In Developing Countries
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Author : Dean T. Jamison
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2006-04-02
Disease Control Priorities In Developing Countries written by Dean T. Jamison and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-04-02 with Medical categories.
Based on careful analysis of burden of disease and the costs ofinterventions, this second edition of 'Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries, 2nd edition' highlights achievable priorities; measures progresstoward providing efficient, equitable care; promotes cost-effectiveinterventions to targeted populations; and encourages integrated effortsto optimize health. Nearly 500 experts - scientists, epidemiologists, health economists,academicians, and public health practitioners - from around the worldcontributed to the data sources and methodologies, and identifiedchallenges and priorities, resulting in this integrated, comprehensivereference volume on the state of health in developing countries.
Guccione S Geriatric Physical Therapy E Book
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Author : Dale Avers
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
Release Date : 2019-10-24
Guccione S Geriatric Physical Therapy E Book written by Dale Avers and has been published by Elsevier Health Sciences this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-10-24 with Medical categories.
Offering a comprehensive look at physical therapy science and practice, Guccione’s Geriatric Physical Therapy, 4th Edition is a perfect resource for both students and practitioners alike. Year after year, this text is recommended as the primary preparatory resource for the Geriatric Physical Therapy Specialization exam. And this new fourth edition only gets better. Content is thoroughly revised to keep you up to date on the latest geriatric physical therapy protocols and conditions. Five new chapters are added to this edition to help you learn how to better manage common orthopedic, cardiopulmonary, and neurologic conditions; become familiar with functional outcomes and assessments; and better understand the psychosocial aspects of aging. In all, you can rely on Guccione’s Geriatric Physical Therapy to help you effectively care for today’s aging patient population. Comprehensive coverage of geriatric physical therapy prepares students and clinicians to provide thoughtful, evidence-based care for aging patients. Combination of foundational knowledge and clinically relevant information provides a meaningful background in how to effectively manage geriatric disorders Updated information reflects the most recent and relevant information on the Geriatric Clinical Specialty Exam. Standard APTA terminology prepares students for terms they will hear in practice. Expert authorship ensures all information is authoritative, current, and clinically accurate. NEW! Thoroughly revised and updated content across all chapters keeps students up to date with the latest geriatric physical therapy protocols and conditions. NEW! References located at the end of each chapter point students toward credible external sources for further information. NEW! Treatment chapters guide students in managing common conditions in orthopedics, cardiopulmonary, and neurology. NEW! Chapter on functional outcomes and assessment lists relevant scores for the most frequently used tests. NEW! Chapter on psychosocial aspects of aging provides a well-rounded view of the social and mental conditions commonly affecting geriatric patients. NEW! Chapter on frailty covers a wide variety of interventions to optimize treatment. NEW! Enhanced eBook version is included with print purchase, allowing students to access all of the text, figures, and references from the book on a variety of devices.
Explaining Divergent Levels Of Longevity In High Income Countries
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2011-06-27
Explaining Divergent Levels Of Longevity In High Income Countries written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-06-27 with Social Science categories.
During the last 25 years, life expectancy at age 50 in the United States has been rising, but at a slower pace than in many other high-income countries, such as Japan and Australia. This difference is particularly notable given that the United States spends more on health care than any other nation. Concerned about this divergence, the National Institute on Aging asked the National Research Council to examine evidence on its possible causes. According to Explaining Divergent Levels of Longevity in High-Income Countries, the nation's history of heavy smoking is a major reason why lifespans in the United States fall short of those in many other high-income nations. Evidence suggests that current obesity levels play a substantial part as well. The book reports that lack of universal access to health care in the U.S. also has increased mortality and reduced life expectancy, though this is a less significant factor for those over age 65 because of Medicare access. For the main causes of death at older ages-cancer and cardiovascular disease-available indicators do not suggest that the U.S. health care system is failing to prevent deaths that would be averted elsewhere. In fact, cancer detection and survival appear to be better in the U.S. than in most other high-income nations, and survival rates following a heart attack also are favorable. Explaining Divergent Levels of Longevity in High-Income Countries identifies many gaps in research. For instance, while lung cancer deaths are a reliable marker of the damage from smoking, no clear-cut marker exists for obesity, physical inactivity, social integration, or other risks considered in this book. Moreover, evaluation of these risk factors is based on observational studies, which-unlike randomized controlled trials-are subject to many biases.
The Global Burden Of Disease
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Author : Colin Mathers
language : en
Publisher: World Health Organization
Release Date : 2008
The Global Burden Of Disease written by Colin Mathers and has been published by World Health Organization this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with Disabilities categories.
The global burden of disease: 2004 update is a comprehensive assessment of the health of the world's population. It provides detailed global and regional estimates of premature mortality, disability and loss of health for 135 causes by age and sex, drawing on extensive WHO databases and on information provided by Member States.--Publisher description.