International Cooperation In Research And Development
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International Cooperation In Research And Development
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2001
International Cooperation In Research And Development written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with categories.
Developments in science and technology are increasingly the result of international collaboration. Many indicators show increasing links among world scientists to conduct joint research, share data, conduct international meetings, develop common standards, and transfer technology. Data suggest that this activity is not just increasing but is changing the conduct, organization, and outputs of scientific research around the world. Scientific research is becoming more globalized-increasing numbers of countries are building their scientific capabilities and participating in world science; More collaborative-a growing proportion of projects and the publications they produce result from collaborations by investigators from a mix of nations; and more "distributed"--scientific teams are collaborating across greater distances and involve more widely dispersed expertise.
International Cooperation In Research And Development
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Author : Caroline S. Wagner
language : en
Publisher: RAND Corporation
Release Date : 2001
International Cooperation In Research And Development written by Caroline S. Wagner and has been published by RAND Corporation this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with Political Science categories.
Scientific research is becoming increasingly more globalized and more collaborative. At the same time, there is growing pressure within the United States to justify government funding for science and technology (S&T). The potential conflict between these developments raises questions of whether U.S. investment in S&T benefits U.S. taxpayers and whether investment in scientific capacity building overseas has created competition rather than mere assistance. To understand the answers to these questions, this report describes the scope and nature of U.S. spending on international cooperative research and development (ICRD) in fiscal year (FY) 1997. Most spending (over 90 percent) is for collaboration on common research problems among scientists from different countries. Aerospace S&T dominated spending, with biomedical science a distant second. This book finds that the federal government spent $4.4 billion on ICRD in FY 1997, an increase of $1.1 billion over FY 1995. However, this figure may reflect better data collection and increased reporting, rather than an actual increase in spending. The only notable change in the two-year period involves a substantial increase in cooperative activity with Russia, tied heavily to space-related projects.
International Cooperation In Research And Development
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Author : Caroline S. Wagner
language : en
Publisher: RAND Corporation
Release Date : 1997
International Cooperation In Research And Development written by Caroline S. Wagner and has been published by RAND Corporation this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997 with Business & Economics categories.
The United States spends considerable sums on international cooperation in research and development (ICRD). Policymakers have expressed concerns about these cooperative activities. Some fear that the United States is paying more than its fair share of the work's cost. Others worry that the country is giving away critical technologies to potential foreign competitors. Additional concerns have been voiced that cooperative programs subordinate the interests of true science to strategic or political ends. These claims are difficult to test, however, for a number of reasons: the large number of projects; the long timelines of projects; and the focus on reporting research results, not measuring larger benefits. This report uses information from the RAND RaDiUS research and development (R&D) database, complemented by agency interviews, to catalogue international cooperative R&D and to construct a framework for assessing benefits the United States may derive from participation in such research. Based on the framework of metrics developed for this project, the author also presents a case study examining cooperation in earthquake sciences and seismology to test the ability of these metrics to provide feedback on benefits.
It Research And Development
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1998
It Research And Development written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998 with categories.
International Science And Technology Cooperation In A Globalized World
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Author : Heiko Prange-Gstöhl
language : en
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
Release Date : 2010-01-01
International Science And Technology Cooperation In A Globalized World written by Heiko Prange-Gstöhl and has been published by Edward Elgar Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-01-01 with Political Science categories.
In a globalized knowledge-economy, the European Union (EU) needs a new approach to its international science and technology (S & T) policies by focusing on improved coherence across the different tiers of government and by demonstrating leadership in tackling serious global challenges. The contributors to this book analyze European S & T policies in several areas of global concern as well as by exposing both the pitfalls of policy coordination and its potential to contribute to a more coherent international S & T policy. They highlight the interactions between national, European and international po.
Conflict And Cooperation In National Competition For High Technology Industry
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 1996-11-15
Conflict And Cooperation In National Competition For High Technology Industry written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996-11-15 with Political Science categories.
This unique volume contains a powerful set of recommendations on issues at the center of international discussions on investment, trade, and technology policy. They take into account the globalization of industrial activity and the special characteristics of high-technology industries while recognizing the continued policy role of national governments. The book identifies the rationale for promotional measures for high-technology industries, delineates sources of friction among the leading industrial countries, and proposes policies to enhance international cooperation and strengthen the multilateral trading regime. This volume also examines the factors driving collaboration among otherwise competing firms and national programs, highlights the need to develop principles of equitable public and private international cooperation, and emphasizes the linkage between investment, government procurement, and other trade policies and prospects for enhanced international cooperation.
Handbook Of Research On International Collaboration Economic Development And Sustainability In The Arctic
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Author : Erokhin, Vasilii
language : en
Publisher: IGI Global
Release Date : 2018-12-28
Handbook Of Research On International Collaboration Economic Development And Sustainability In The Arctic written by Erokhin, Vasilii and has been published by IGI Global this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-12-28 with Business & Economics categories.
Global interest in the exploration of the Arctic has been growing rapidly. As the Arctic becomes a global resource base and trade corridor between the continents, it is crucial to identify the dangers that such a boom of extractive industries and transport routes may bring on the people and the environment. The Handbook of Research on International Collaboration, Economic Development, and Sustainability in the Arctic discusses the perspectives and major challenges of the investment collaboration and development and commercial use of trade routes in the Arctic. Featuring research on topics such as agricultural production, environmental resources, and investment collaboration, this book is ideally designed for policymakers, business leaders, and environmental researchers seeking coverage on new practices and solutions in the sphere of achieving sustainability in economic exploration of the Artic region.
International Cooperation In Energy Research And Development
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Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science and Technology. Subcommittee on Energy Research, Development, and Demonstration
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1976
International Cooperation In Energy Research And Development written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science and Technology. Subcommittee on Energy Research, Development, and Demonstration and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1976 with Energy policy categories.
Cooperation In Research And Development
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Author : Nicholas S. Vonortas
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Cooperation In Research And Development written by Nicholas S. Vonortas and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Business & Economics categories.
Cooperation in Research and Development provides an empirical and theoretical analysis of a distinct form of inter-firm collaboration in Research & Development (R&D): research joint ventures (RJVs). Of all types of cooperation, RJVs have received the most attention in both formal industrial organization and science and technology policy literature. The emerging theoretical economic literature on incentives of firms to join RJVs has not been followed by much empirical work. Cooperation in Research and Development attempts to fill the void caused by this lack of consistent data on the rate of RJV formation, RJV characteristics, and RJV member characteristics. Significant attention is paid to the role of RJVs in facilitating `virtual' firm diversification as necessary to pursue particular technological objectives. An effort is also made to blend the reported theoretical and empirical analyses with conceptual models of the process of technological innovation and models of industrial evolution in order to provide answers beyond the reach of the received economic theory. Cooperation in Research and Development should be of interest to academic economists, policy makers, and business representatives. The microeconomic issues the book deals with overlap significantly with the interests of decision makers both in government and business.
National Science And Technology Strategies In A Global Context
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Author : Government-University-Industry Research Roundtable
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 1998-06-04
National Science And Technology Strategies In A Global Context written by Government-University-Industry Research Roundtable and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998-06-04 with Political Science categories.
This report covers discussions at a symposium on the International Context for National Science and Technology Strategies. The meeting was held May 7, 1997 at the National Academy of Sciences in Washington, D.C., and was organized by the Government-University-Industry Research Roundtable (GUIRR). The symposium featured presentations by experts representing academic, industry, and government viewpoints, from countries including China, Finland, France, Korea, Mexico, Poland, and the United States. The purpose of the activity was to explore how various countries and regions are developing science and technology strategies in the unfolding context of global economic integration and privatization, as well as mobility of people and information. The implications for future international cooperation were considered in this modern framework.