International Law And The Question Of Western Sahara
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International Law And The Question Of Western Sahara
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Author : Karin Arts
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2007
International Law And The Question Of Western Sahara written by Karin Arts and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with Autonomy categories.
The Western Sahara Question And International Law
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Author : Stephen Allen
language : en
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Release Date : 2024-01-17
The Western Sahara Question And International Law written by Stephen Allen and has been published by Taylor & Francis this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-01-17 with Law categories.
This book analyses recent developments concerning the application of the international legal doctrines of recognition and self-determination in relation to the Western Sahara Question. It investigates the emergent shift in favour of Morocco’s sovereignty claim to Western Sahara as apparent from the positions adopted by an increasing number of third States in the United Nations and the recent spate of third States establishing consulates in Western Sahara, with Morocco’s encouragement. It reflects on what the functioning of the doctrines of recognition and self-determination in this situation reveals about contemporary international law in practice more generally. The work will be of interest to scholars, researchers, and postgraduate students as well as practitioners of public international law who have a particular interest in decolonisation, self-determination disputes, and/or conflicts about natural resource entitlements. It will also appeal to readers with an interest in the work of International Organisations, including the United Nations, the European Union, and the African Union, and to specialists in international relations and regional politics.
Western Sahara
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Author : Damien Kingsbury
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2018-02-02
Western Sahara written by Damien Kingsbury and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-02-02 with Political Science categories.
As the Spanish were preparing to leave colonized Western Sahara in 1975, Morocco invaded, sparking a war with the Western Saharan Polisario Front. About 70% of Western Sahara was occupied by Morocco, which stations up to 140,000 soldiers in the territory, primarily along a 1700 kilometre long sand berm that is protected by one of the world’s largest fields of landmines. In 1991, Morocco and the Polisario Front agreed to a truce ahead of a referendum on Western Sahara’s future. However, Morocco has since refused to allow the referendum to take place, and has begun the extensive exploitation of Western Sahara’s non-renewable natural resources. This has both highlighted the plight of the Saharawi people who live in refugee camps in Algeria and in occupied Western Sahara, and pushed the Polisario Front back to a position where it is openly canvassing for a return to war. This book was originally published as a special issue of Global Change, Peace and Security.
Conference On Multilateralism And International Law With Western Sahara As A Case Study
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Author : Neville John Botha
language : en
Publisher: Verloren Van Themaat Centre University of South Africa
Release Date : 2010
Conference On Multilateralism And International Law With Western Sahara As A Case Study written by Neville John Botha and has been published by Verloren Van Themaat Centre University of South Africa this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Case studies categories.
The South African Department of International Relations and Cooperation (DIRCO) in partnership with the University of Pretoria hosted a Conference on Multilaterism and International Law with Western Sahara as a Case Study on 4 and 5 December 2008, at the University of Pretoria campus, South Africa. The purpose of the conference was to reflect on the foreign policy precept that the promotion of a rules based international order through multilateralism remains the critical prerequisite for the resolution of conflict between nations. As a case study, the conference analysed Africa's longest-running dispute - the Western Sahara. Eminent scholars, government representatives and experts reflected on the status of the territory under international law, the principle of self-determination, the respect for human rights and international humanitarian law, the obligations on third states and the legality of natural resource exploitation in the Western Sahara. This publication represents the consolidated documentation of these proceedings.
The Question Of Self Determination In Western Sahara
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Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on International Relations. Subcommittee on International Organizations
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1977
The Question Of Self Determination In Western Sahara written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on International Relations. Subcommittee on International Organizations and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1977 with Government publications categories.
The Conflict Of Western Sahara And The United Nations Role In Resolving It
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Author : Mareike Peters
language : en
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Release Date : 2016-03-07
The Conflict Of Western Sahara And The United Nations Role In Resolving It written by Mareike Peters and has been published by GRIN Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-03-07 with Political Science categories.
Seminar paper from the year 2016 in the subject Politics - Topic: Peace and Conflict, Security, grade: 1,3, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg (Politikwisschenschaften), course: Introduction to Conflict Management, language: English, abstract: This paper deals with the question why the international community turns a blind eye to the Western Sahara conflict. Moreover, why do the United Nations fail to implement measures to resolve the conflict between Morocco and the people of the Western Sahara? The Western Sahara conflict can be added to the list of the most ambivalent conflicts in recent history. Morocco occupied the African country in 1976 and since then the population of the former Spanish colony is fighting for self-determination while living as refugees in the desert of Algeria. The United Nations acknowledged that the country belongs to the people of Western Sahara. Consequently, the Moroccan occupation is illegal, especially regarding international law. However, no change or progress has been made; all negotiation attempts have failed. Hence, the conflict could be seen as intractable.
International Law And The Western Sahara Conflict
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Author : Juan Soroeta Liceras
language : en
Publisher: Wolf Legal Publishers
Release Date : 2014
International Law And The Western Sahara Conflict written by Juan Soroeta Liceras and has been published by Wolf Legal Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with Conflicts categories.
Spain joined the UN in 1955, and the UN's main bodies pressured Spain to proceed with the decolonization of "Spanish Sahara," which shortly after, and under the name of Western Sahara, was included in the list of non-self-governing territories. When Spain was preparing the referendum of self-determination in 1975, the UN General Assembly asked for it to be suspended until the International Court of Justice issued an advisory opinion. This opinion established that, in 1884, there were no ties of sovereignty between Morocco and Mauritania and the people of the territory, and that the conflict should be resolved through the exercise of the right of self-determination. Nevertheless, following the signing of the Madrid Agreements and the withdrawal of Spain from the territory, Morocco and Mauritania occupied it, forcing the Saharawi people to start a war of national liberation that would last until 1991. That year launched a peace plan negotiated by Morocco and the POLISARIO Front, which provided for the holding of the referendum on self-determination. When the UN's Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara issued the composition of the census in 2000, Morocco decided to abandon the peace plan, accusing the UN of bias, thus leaving the conflict in an apparent impasse. Since 1975, the result of this conflict has seen the Saharawi people split between those who survive through international humanitarian aid in refugee camps in Tinduf, Algeria, and those who live in their own country under Moroccan occupation. This book explains the key issues of the conflict, from the perspective of international law, with particular emphasis on the development of the peace plan, as well as the causes and consequences of its paralysis.
Perspectives On Western Sahara
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Author : Anouar Boukhars
language : en
Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield
Release Date : 2013-12-18
Perspectives On Western Sahara written by Anouar Boukhars and has been published by Rowman & Littlefield this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-12-18 with Political Science categories.
The ongoing conflict in Western Sahara is one of the more intractable legacies of European colonization in North Africa. Following the withdrawal of Spain, this territorial dispute escalated in 1975 into a war of independence between the Sahrawi people of the Polisario Front, who were backed by Algeria, and the states of Mauritania and Morocco. In 1976, the Polisario Front established the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic, which was not admitted in the UN but won recognition by a few states. After multiple peace efforts, the conflict reemerged in 2005 as the “independence Intifada.” Today, the Polisario Front controls about 20% of Western Sahara. At the heart of the conflict lie geopolitical interests and incompatible claims aggravated by the use of military force and decades of mostly unproductive diplomatic maneuvers by international bodies and regional or foreign powers. This thorough, impartial survey brings together some of the best experts on the Sahara question to provide a broad-based analysis of the problem, from a range of perspectives. Featuring new research, the chapters examine the roots of the conflict, its dynamics, and potential solutions. This groundbreaking text also addresses questions of law, human rights, natural resources from an analytical point of view. Contributed by scholars from North Africa, Europe, and the U.S., it is an essential contribution to the literature of Middle East and African studies.
Self Determination And Secession In International Law
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Author : Christian Walter
language : en
Publisher: OUP Oxford
Release Date : 2014-06-05
Self Determination And Secession In International Law written by Christian Walter and has been published by OUP Oxford this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-06-05 with Law categories.
Peoples and minorities in many parts of the world assert a right to self-determination, autonomy, and even secession from a state, which naturally conflicts with that state's sovereignty and territorial integrity. The right of a people to self-determination and secession has existed as a concept within international law since the American Declaration of Independence in 1776, but the exact definition of these concepts, and the conditions required for their application, remain unclear. The Advisory Opinion of the International Court of Justice concerning the Declaration of Independency of Kosovo (2010), which held that the Kosovo declaration of independence was not in violation of international law, has only led to further questions. This book takes four conflicts in the post-Soviet Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) as a starting point for examining the current state of the law of self-determination and secession. Four entities, Transnistria (Moldova), South Ossetia, Abkhazia (both Georgia), and Nagorno-Karabakh (Azerbaijan), claim to be entitled not only to self-determination but also to secession from their mother state. For this entitlement they rely on historic affiliations, and on charges of discrimination and massive human rights violations committed by their mother state. This book sets out its analysis of these critical issue in three parts, providing a detailed understanding of the principles of international law on which they rely: The first part sets out the contours and meaning of self-determination and secession, including an overall assessment of secession within the Commonwealth of Independent States. The second section provides case studies investigating the events in Transnistria, South Ossetia, Abkhazia, and Nagorno-Karabach in greater detail. The third and final section extends the scope of the examination, providing a comparative analysis of similar conflicts involving questions of self-determination and secession in Kosovo, Western Sahara, and Eritrea.
The Western Sahara Conflict
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Author : Pedro Pinto Leite
language : en
Publisher: Nordic Africa Inst
Release Date : 2006
The Western Sahara Conflict written by Pedro Pinto Leite and has been published by Nordic Africa Inst this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with Social Science categories.
This book gives a comprehensive background to the long running conflict on the status of Western Sahara and particularly highlights the question of the territory’s natural resources, such as fish, oil and phosphates. The book analyzes why this territory, (mainly covered by desert and only sparsely populated), has since 1976 when the former colonial power Spain left the territory, engaged governments and people, both regionally and internationally, and the implications of its natural resources. The book includes: - a summary of the Western Saharan conflict, by Pedro Pinte Leite, specialist in international law in the Netherlands; - an up-to-date picture of the situation in Western Sahara with regard to natural resources, and the way in which exploitation is taking place, by Toby Shelley, a British journalist; - the UN’s legal opinion from 2002 on exploitation of the natural resources of a Non-Self-Governing Territory written by Hans Corell, former UN Under-Secretary-General for Legal Affairs, the Legal Counsel. Two political views of the conflict are also included. Magnus Schöldtz and Pål Wrange from the Swedish Foreign Ministry elucidate the Swedish Foreign Policy on the Western Sahara Conflict. A statement by Karin Scheele, MEP and President of the Intergroup on Western Sahara in the European Parliament focuses on the economic interests of the parties involved in the conflict. These contributions together with an extended chronology, by Claes Olsson, over the different phases of the conflict form a useful information source for policy-makers, researchers, students and activists interested in or dealing with issues related to the Maghreb framework and in particular the Western Saharan conflict. Contributors include: Hans Corell, is Ambassador and a Former UN Under-Secretary-General for Legal Affairs, the Legal Counsel Pedro Pinto Leite is a Portuguese international jurist based in Holland, secretary of the International Platform of Jurists for East Timor and coordinator of the Dutch section of the International Association of Jurists for Western Sahara. Claes Olsson has done further research after his degree in social sciences and is the author of several books and articles on the Western Saharan issue. Magnus Schöldtz, Deputy Director, Head of North Africa Section, Middle East and North Africa Department, Ministry for Foreign Affairs, Stockholm. Pål Wrange is a principal legal advisor on public international law at the Ministry for Foreign Affairs in Stockholm. Toby Shelley is a journalist and writer. He is author of 'Endgame in the Western Sahara', published by Zed Books. He has visited the Western Sahara and the Sahrawi refugee camps on a number of occasions. Karin Scheele, Member of the European Parliament (MEP), is President of the Intergroup on Western Sahara in the European Parliament