International Monetary Cooperation Since Bretton Woods
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International Monetary Cooperation Since Bretton Woods
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Author : Mr.Harold James
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 1996-06-15
International Monetary Cooperation Since Bretton Woods written by Mr.Harold James and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996-06-15 with Business & Economics categories.
This comprehensive history, published jointly by the IMF and Oxford University Press, was written to mark the fiftieth anniversary of international monetary cooperation. From the establishment of the postwar international monetary system in 1944 to how the framework functions in a vastly expanded world economy, historian Harol James describes the tensions, negotiations, challenges, and progress of international monetary cooperation. This narrative offers a global perspective on the events and decisions that have shaped the world economy during the past fifty years.
Orderly Change
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Author : David M. Andrews
language : en
Publisher: Cornell University Press
Release Date : 2011-03-15
Orderly Change written by David M. Andrews and has been published by Cornell University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-03-15 with Political Science categories.
The Bretton Woods Conference of 1944 resulted in the formation of the International Monetary Fund and World Bank and helped lay the foundation for an unprecedented expansion of international commerce. Yet six decades later, at the beginning of the twenty-first century, the central characteristics of the Bretton Woods system remain disputed—and the subject of continuing public policy debate. Relying on extensive access to IMF, World Bank, and other archives, the authors show that the history of international monetary relations since Bretton Woods is one of "orderly change"—that is, change within a sturdy but supple framework. Even during the years of fixed exchange rates, very different practices characterized international monetary relations immediately after World War II, during the 1950s, and during the 1960s. Later, when the fixed exchange-rate system collapsed, underlying commitments to trade liberalization in the context of continuing national economic policy autonomy survived and even flourished. However, the resulting international economic order is now in grave danger: the tension between states' autonomy and their mutual openness has become acute, as international monetary structures no longer appear capable of mediating between these objectives. David M. Andrews and the contributors to Orderly Change examine past transitions as a means of suggesting possible avenues for current and future policymaking.
The International Monetary Fund 1945 1965
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Author : International Monetary Fund
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 1996-02-29
The International Monetary Fund 1945 1965 written by International Monetary Fund and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996-02-29 with Business & Economics categories.
IMF economists work closely with member countries on a variety of issues. Their unique perspective on country experiences and best practices on global macroeconomic issues are often shared in the form of books on diverse topics such as cross-country comparisons, capacity building, macroeconomic policy, financial integration, and globalization.
Golden Fetters
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Author : Barry J. Eichengreen
language : en
Publisher: NBER Series on Long-term Factors in Economic Development
Release Date : 1992
Golden Fetters written by Barry J. Eichengreen and has been published by NBER Series on Long-term Factors in Economic Development this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992 with Business & Economics categories.
This book offers a reassessment of the international monetary problems that led to the global economic crisis of the 1930s. The author shows how policies, in conjunction with the imbalances created by World War I, gave rise to the global crisis of the 1930s.
Theories Of International Cooperation And The Primacy Of Anarchy
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Author : Jennifer Sterling-Folker
language : en
Publisher: State University of New York Press
Release Date : 2012-02-01
Theories Of International Cooperation And The Primacy Of Anarchy written by Jennifer Sterling-Folker and has been published by State University of New York Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-02-01 with Political Science categories.
Challenging the standard liberal explanations for international cooperation in the field of international relations, this book contends that despite numerous efforts and the passage of time, our understanding of the cooperative phenomenon remains woefully inadequate. Sterling-Folker argues that widespread explanatory reliance on what constitutes functionally efficient choices in global interdependence is deductively illogical and empirically unsound. The author's approach for explaining international cooperation is comprised of realist and constructivist insights and places the state, rather than the market, at the center of analysis. A thorough examination of Post-Bretton Woods American monetary policy-making reveals the fundamental flaws of traditional explanations and the superiority of a realist-constructivist alternative to the cooperative phenomenon.
International Monetary Fund
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Author : Martin A. Weiss
language : en
Publisher: CreateSpace
Release Date : 2015-06-26
International Monetary Fund written by Martin A. Weiss and has been published by CreateSpace this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-06-26 with categories.
The International Monetary Fund (IMF), conceived at the Bretton Woods conference in July 1944, is the multilateral organization focused on the international monetary system. Created in 1946 with 46 members, it has grown to include 188 countries. The IMF has six purposes that are outlined in Article I of the IMF Articles of Agreement: promoting international monetary cooperation; expanding the balanced growth of international trade; facilitating exchange rate stability; eliminating restrictions on the international flow of capital; ensuring confidence by making the general resources of the Fund temporarily available to members; and adjusting balance-of-payments imbalances in an orderly manner.
The International Monetary Tangle
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Author : Guillaume Guindey
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2017-07-05
The International Monetary Tangle written by Guillaume Guindey and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-07-05 with Business & Economics categories.
Originally published in 1977, The International Monetary Tangle presents a translation of Guindey?s report on international monetary issues. Guindey examines the Bretton Woods System which lasted until 1971 as well as the new monetary regime that took its place and discusses the key debates that came along with it. Guindey takes a historical angle in this study and focuses on what lessons can be learnt from the past in terms of international money management. This title will be of interest to students of Economics.
International Monetary Fund
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Author : Martin A. Weiss
language : en
Publisher: Createspace Independent Pub
Release Date : 2012-07-28
International Monetary Fund written by Martin A. Weiss and has been published by Createspace Independent Pub this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-07-28 with Business & Economics categories.
The International Monetary Fund (IMF), conceived at the Bretton Woods conference in July 1944, is the multilateral organization focused on the international monetary system. Created in 1946 with 46 members, it has grown to include 188 countries. The IMF has six purposes that are outlined in Article I of the IMF Articles of Agreement: promoting international monetary cooperation; expanding the balanced growth of international trade; facilitating exchange rate stability; eliminating restrictions on the international flow of capital; ensuring confidence by making the general resources of the Fund temporarily available to members; and adjusting balance-of-payments imbalances in an orderly manner. Congressional interest in IMF activities has increased since the onset of the financial crisis in 2008. IMF lending has surged in recent years, particularly in light of large recent loans to Greece, Ireland, and Portugal. In 2009, major economies agreed to substantially increase the IMF's resources and to move forward on several major reforms at the institution. These include increasing the voting share of emerging economies; revamping the IMF's lending toolkit to introduce greater flexibility and create new facilities for low-income countries, and creating a road map for resolving the fast-growing economic imbalances in the global economy between surplus and deficit countries. In late 2010, IMF members agreed to a doubling of IMF quotas, which would require congressional authorization and appropriations. The United States was instrumental in creating the IMF and is its largest financial contributor, providing 17.72% of total IMF resources. Since voting shares are based on financial contributions, the large U.S. voting share provides the United States veto power over major decisions at the IMF. Both the IMF and its sister organization, the World Bank, are headquartered in Washington, DC. At the Bretton Woods conference, the IMF was tasked with coordinating the system of fixed exchange rates to help the international economy recover from two world wars and the instability in the interwar period caused by competitive devaluations and protectionist trade policies. From 1946 until 1973, the IMF managed the “par value adjustable peg” system. The U.S. dollar was fixed to gold at $35 per ounce, and all other member countries' currencies were fixed to the dollar at different rates. This system of fixed rates ended in 1973 when the United States removed itself from the gold standard. The IMF has evolved significantly as an institution since it was created. Floating exchange rates and more open capital markets in the 1990s created a new role for the IMF—the resolution of frequent and volatile international financial crises. The Asian financial crisis of 1997-1998 and subsequent crises in Russia and Latin America revealed many weaknesses of the world monetary system, which have only become more apparent in the wake of the 2008-2009 global financial crisis and the more recent sovereign debt crises in Europe. This report evaluates the purpose, membership, financing, and focus of the IMF's activities. It also discusses the role of Congress in shaping U.S. policy at the IMF and concludes by addressing key issues, both legislative and oversight-related, that Congress may wish to consider, including: the role of the IMF as a lender of last resort; the adequacy of IMF resources; and the effectiveness of IMF surveillance.
International Monetary Cooperation
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Author : C. Fred Bergsten
language : en
Publisher: Peterson Institute for International Economics
Release Date : 2016-04-07
International Monetary Cooperation written by C. Fred Bergsten and has been published by Peterson Institute for International Economics this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-04-07 with Political Science categories.
In September 1985, emissaries of the world's five leading industrial nations—the United States, Britain, France, Germany, and Japan—secretly gathered at the Plaza Hotel in New York City and unveiled an unprecedented effort to correct the largest set of current account and exchange rate imbalances that had ever threatened the world economy. The Plaza Accord is credited with sharply realigning exchange rates, significantly reducing current account imbalances, and countering protectionist pressures in the United States. But did the Accord provide a foundation for ongoing international financial stability and policy coordination? Or was it simply a unique one-time coincidence of national interests? The Plaza experience continues to inform today's debates about the limits and possibilities of international monetary cooperation. In late 2015, leading policymakers and economists—including those who were involved in the Accord's design, negotiation, and implementation—held a Plaza Retrospective conference at the Baker Institute for Public Policy to evaluate the Accord's legacy and how its collaborative spirit can be applied today. This volume presents their views and analyses to provide guidance for a time when the world again faces the prospect of currency disequilibria, growing imbalances, trade policy reactions, and thus uncertainty for both the global economy and world politics.
The Bretton Woods Gatt System
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Author : Orin Kirshner
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2015-07-17
The Bretton Woods Gatt System written by Orin Kirshner and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-07-17 with Business & Economics categories.
A collection by founders and early leaders of the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the World Bank, and the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), presenting the current thinking on the past, present and future of the postwar system of international finance and trade.