International Trade Technological Shocks And Spillovers In The Labour Market
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International Trade Technological Shocks And Spillovers In The Labour Market
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Author : Paul Hiebert
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2007
International Trade Technological Shocks And Spillovers In The Labour Market written by Paul Hiebert and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with categories.
We empirically analyse the response of US manufacturing labour market variables to various shocks, notably to trade openness and technology. The econometric approach involves an application of the recently developed global VAR (GVAR) methodology of Dées, DiMauro, Pesaran, and Smith (2005) to 12 manufacturing industries over the period 1977-2003. This framework allows for an assessment of both shocks to weakly exogenous variables and intra-industry spillovers. In this vein, beyond a standard set of labour-market related variables (employment, real compensation, productivity and capital stock) and exogenous factors (a sector-specific measure of trade openness, along with common technology and oil price shocks), specific measures of manufacturing wide variables are included for each sector. Generalised impulse responsesindicate that increased trade openness negatively affects real compensation, has negligible em-ployment effects and leads to higher labour productivity. These impacts, however, are relatively weaker those induced by technology shocks, with the latter positively and signifficantly affecting both real compensation and employment. There is also evidence of positive spillovers across industries from sector specific employment and productivity shocks. Impact elasticities suggest strong intra-sectoral linkages for employment and capital stock formation, contrasting with weak linkages for what concerns real compensation and productivity.
Trade Investment Migration And Labour Market Adjustment
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Author : D. Greenaway
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2002-09-06
Trade Investment Migration And Labour Market Adjustment written by D. Greenaway and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002-09-06 with Business & Economics categories.
Globalization and the growing integration of national markets have had profound effects on the operation of markets, not least labour markets. In this book, a range of leading commentators on globalization and labour markets present original contribution on the interaction between these two areas. This book assesses the impact of globalization on trade, cross-border investment and migration from both a theoretical and econometric standpoint and discusses the possible applications of this analysis for both industrialized and developing countries.
Globalisation And The Labour Market
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Author : Robert Anderton
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2004-03-01
Globalisation And The Labour Market written by Robert Anderton and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-03-01 with Business & Economics categories.
Incorporating new empirical data and using a wide variety of methods such as econometrics, general equilibrium and case studies, this detailed volume provides a thorough investigation into the causes of the deterioration in the relative economic fortunes of less-skilled workers across various countries, with a focus on the role of globalization. It reveals how in the past thirty years, the decline in the wages and employment of less-skilled workers relative to skilled workers in Europe and North America has coincided with an acceleration in 'globalization'. The latter's rapid pace is indicated by the strong growth in both world trade and foreign direct investment which, in turn, have been stimulated by various factors such as reductions in trade barriers a drastic decline in the costs of communication and transportation and the internationalization of production. Although it is now widely held that the main cause of this rise in inequality seems to be a shift in demand towards higher skilled workers, this book aims to shed light on whether it is trade or technology that is primarily responsible for this demand shift. Importantly, the studies in this book describe how globalisation and technological change are interacting rather than separate forces. Topical and timely, this significant book will be a valuable read for academic researchers, analysts and professional economists in the policy making community.
Globalisation And Labour Market Adjustment
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Author : David Greenaway
language : en
Publisher: Palgrave MacMillan
Release Date : 2008-04-17
Globalisation And Labour Market Adjustment written by David Greenaway and has been published by Palgrave MacMillan this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-04-17 with Business & Economics categories.
This book explores theoretical developments of trade models, examining labour mobility, unemployment and training in models of international trade, as well as migration and labour markets, the wage and unemployment impacts of adjustment, adjustment and occupational mobility, exchange rate fluctuations and trade exposure, fragmentation and the labour market.
Trade And Employment
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Author : Bernard M. Hoekman
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2005
Trade And Employment written by Bernard M. Hoekman and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with Commerce categories.
"The substantial literature investigating the links between trade, trade policy, and labor market outcomes-both returns to labor and employment-has generated a number of stylized facts, but many open questions remain. This paper surveys the subset of the literature focusing on trade policy and integration into the world economy. Although in the longer run trade opportunities can have a major impact in creating more productive and higher paying jobs, this literature tends to take employment as given. A common finding is that much of the shorter run impacts of trade and reforms involve reallocation of labor or wage impacts within sectors. This reflects a pattern of expansion of more productive firms-especially export-oriented or suppliers to exporters-and contraction and adjustment of less productive enterprises in sectors that become subject to greater import competition. Wage responses to trade and trade reforms are generally greater than employment impacts, but trade can only explain a small fraction of the general increase in wage inequality observed in both industrial and developing countries in recent decades. A feature of the literature survey is that the focus is almost exclusively on industries producing goods. Given the importance of service industries as a source of employment and determinants of competitiveness, the paper argues that one priority area for future research is to study the employment effects of services trade and investment reforms. "--World Bank web site.
Globalization And Productivity
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Author : David Greenaway
language : en
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
Release Date : 2008
Globalization And Productivity written by David Greenaway and has been published by Edward Elgar Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with Business & Economics categories.
This book explores theoretical developments of trade models, examining labour mobility, unemployment and training in models of international trade, as well as migration and labour markets, the wage and unemployment impacts of adjustment, adjustment and occupational mobility, exchange rate fluctuations and trade exposure, fragmentation and the labour market. Book Description This book explores theoretical developments of trade models, as well as examining migration, and labor markets, the wage and unemployment impacts of adjustment, and occupational mobility, exchange rate fluctuations and trade exposure, fragmentation, and the labor market.
Globalization And Labor Markets
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Author : E. Kwan Choi
language : en
Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell
Release Date : 2001-03-30
Globalization And Labor Markets written by E. Kwan Choi and has been published by Wiley-Blackwell this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001-03-30 with Business & Economics categories.
Interactions between the globalization process and labor market adjustment have been the focus of a major research programme in recent years. This volume contains papers by leading trade analysts on all aspects of these interactions embracing theory, empirical evidence and policy dimensions. Contributors include Alan Deardorff, Ronald Jones, Rod Falvey, John Whalley, Doug Nelson and Lars Lundberg.
Essays In Labor Economics And International Trade
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Author : Moises Yi
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Essays In Labor Economics And International Trade written by Moises Yi and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
This dissertation employs tools from Labor Economics and International Trade to study how workers and labor markets adjust to economic shocks arising from trade liberalization and technological change. It contributes to the existing literature by studying several economic mechanisms that determine the magnitudes of these adjustments. The first chapter of this dissertation analyzes the roles that skill transferability and the local industry mix have on the adjustment costs of workers affected by negative trade shocks. Using rich administrative data from Germany, we construct novel measures of economic distance between sectors based on the notion of skill transferability. We combine these distance measures with sectoral employment shares in German regions to construct an index of labor market flexibility. This index captures the degree to which workers from a particular industry will be able to reallocate into other jobs. We then study the role of labor market flexibility on the effect of import shocks on the earnings and the employment outcomes of German manufacturing workers. Among workers living in inflexible labor markets, the difference between a worker at the 75th percentile of industry import exposure and one at the 25th percentile of exposure amounts to an earnings loss of roughly 11% of initial annual income (over a 10 year period). The earning losses of workers living in flexible regions are negligible. These findings are robust to controlling for a wide array of region level characteristics, including region size and overall employment growth. Our findings indicate that the industry composition of local labor markets plays an important role on the adjustment processes of workers. In the second chapter, we develop and apply a framework to quantify the effect of trade on aggregate welfare as well as the distribution of this aggregate effect across different groups of workers. The framework combines a multi-sector gravity model of trade with a Roy-type model of the allocation of workers across sectors. By opening to trade, a country gains in the aggregate by specializing according to its comparative advantage, but the distribution of these gains is unequal as labor demand increases (decreases) for groups of workers specialized in export-oriented (import-oriented) sectors. The model generalizes the specific-factors intuition to a setting with labor reallocation, while maintaining analytical tractability for any number of groups and countries. Our new notion of "inequality-adjusted" welfare effect of trade captures the full cross-group distribution of welfare changes in one measure, as the counterfactual scenario is evaluated by a risk-averse agent behind the veil of ignorance regarding the group to which she belongs. The quantitative application uses trade and labor allocation data across regions in Germany to compute the aggregate and distributional effects of a shock to trade costs or foreign technology levels. For the extreme case in which the country moves back to autarky we find that inequality-adjusted gains from trade are larger than the aggregate gains for both countries, as between-group inequality falls with trade relative to autarky, but the opposite happens for the shock in which China expands in the world economy. In the third chapter, we use detailed production data from a large Latin American garment manufacturer to study the process of technology adoption and resulting productivity changes within a firm. We find that the adoption of modern manufacturing techniques increases productivity through two channels, a direct effect and a spillover effect across adjacent production units. By exploiting the gradual introduction of new manufacturing techniques across independent production units, we estimate a direct effect on productivity of roughly 30%. We also estimate large spillovers to neighboring untreated units which amount to a 25% increase in productivity. Both of these effects accumulate slowly over time. The timing and the magnitudes of the estimated spillover effects corroborate qualitative evidence consistent with knowledge diffusion, learning and imitation.
International Trade And Labour Markets
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Author : Jitendralal Borkakoti
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1997
International Trade And Labour Markets written by Jitendralal Borkakoti and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997 with Commerce extérieur et emploi - Congrès categories.
A topical examination of the impact of globalization and the intricate relationship between international trade and labour markets, containing theoretical and empirical studies of countries including UK, Mexico and Chile. The distinguished international contributors demonstrate the importance of this emerging research agenda analyzing the importance of trade reforms on employment and the impact on skilled and unskilled labour from technological change and global competition.
Going Local A Regional Perspective On How Trade Affects Labour Markets And Inequality
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Author : Elena Rusticelli
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018
Going Local A Regional Perspective On How Trade Affects Labour Markets And Inequality written by Elena Rusticelli and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with categories.