Intervention At Abadan
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Intervention At Abadan
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Author : James Cable
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 1991-06-18
Intervention At Abadan written by James Cable and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1991-06-18 with History categories.
In 1951, Britain's major overseas asset was Iranian oil, discovered, produced and exported by a British company. This book relates how Britain planned to use force in order to retain control of the world's largest oil refinery at Abadan.
Challenging Retrenchment
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Author : Tore T. Petersen
language : en
Publisher: Tapir Academic Press
Release Date : 2010
Challenging Retrenchment written by Tore T. Petersen and has been published by Tapir Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Great Britain categories.
This collection of essays examines the British and American experience in the Middle East from 1950 to 1980. The book compares British and American foreign policy in the Far East and the Persian Gulf, explaining that the Anglo-American relationship was far from harmonious. Both powers tried to manipulate the other to its own advantage. While Washington was clearly the stronger power, London was never reduced to subservience. The book looks at the often neglected role of Egypt's King Farouk, arguing that Egypt was forced to contend with Britain's imperial power, which could, at a few hours notice, overwhelm or undermine Egypt's supposed sovereign institutions. At the same time, however, London was unwilling or unable to prevent Gamal Abdul Nasser and his revolutionary officers from seizing power in 1952. While London perhaps mishandled the transfer of power in Egypt, the book points out how the British managed the transition from being the dominant power in Jordan to preserving a substantial influence, by inviting American participation in securing regime legitimacy. In the end, American dollars supported the Hashemite regime while British influence remained, just as British officials had wished. Challenging Retrenchment argues that, by the mid-1970s, there was an Anglo-American understanding that the Northern Gulf was America's responsibility and that the southern Gulf was Britain's. The book also looks at how intelligence and clandestine operations were used and abused by the British in pursuit of their strategic interests, first somewhat unsuccessfully in Yemen in the 1960s, but with more tangible success in Oman in the 1970s. (Series: ROSTRA Books Trondheim Studies in History - No. 4)
Oil Nationalism And British Policy In Iran
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Author : Jack Taylor
language : en
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing
Release Date : 2023-12-28
Oil Nationalism And British Policy In Iran written by Jack Taylor and has been published by Bloomsbury Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-12-28 with History categories.
As new nations were formed from the declining British Empire, a murky world of diplomats, oil executives and spies were determined to maintain London's grip on Iran and its strategic oil reserves. Directed from Whitehall by successive governments, this book explores the complexities and ambiguities of British policy in Iran and demonstrates its centrality to post-war imperial reorientation. Situating Iran within Britain's 'informal empire,' Jack Taylor demonstrates that Clement Attlee's Labour Government saw Iranian oil as critical to the construction of a domestic New Jerusalem, and used coercion, propaganda, and espionage to preserve their control over it. In doing so, they were forced to confront not only the emerging Cold War, but local resistance expressed through diverse forms including trade unionism, Soviet-inspired Marxism, and popular nationalism. Oil, Nationalism and British Policy in Iran offers new insight into the scale of British interference in Iran and its ultimate failure. It reveals that as London's policy floundered the United States independently took steps to safeguard their own regional economic and security interests. Although British actors were critical in the operation to depose Prime Minister Mohammad Mossadegh following his government's nationalisation of the oil industry, they were ultimately unable to sustain their informal empire in Iran.
The Role Of Amphibious Warfare In British Defense Policy
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Author : I. Speller
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2001-08-03
The Role Of Amphibious Warfare In British Defense Policy written by I. Speller and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001-08-03 with Political Science categories.
This book breaks new ground as the first full account of the role of amphibious warfare in British strategy between VE Day and the Anglo-French assault on Suez in 1956. Ian Speller analyses the development of postwar strategic planning and the manner in which this influenced the nature of Britain's armed forces in the 1940s and 1950s. By detailing the development of equipment, doctrine and the role of the Royal Marines he sheds new light on the military response to a succession of overseas crises.
Mohammad Mosaddeq And The 1953 Coup In Iran
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Author : Mark J. Gasiorowski
language : en
Publisher: Syracuse University Press
Release Date : 2015-02-01
Mohammad Mosaddeq And The 1953 Coup In Iran written by Mark J. Gasiorowski and has been published by Syracuse University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-02-01 with History categories.
Mohammad Mosaddeq is widely regarded as the leading champion of secular democracy and resistance to foreign domination in Iran's modern history. Mosaddeq became prime minister of Iran in May 1951 and promptly nationalized its British-controlled oil industry, initiating a bitter confrontation between Iraq and Britain that increasingly undermined Mossaddeq's position. He was finally overthrown in August 1953 in a coup d'etat that was organized and led by the United States Central Intelligence Agency. This coup initiated a twenty-five-year period of dictatorship in Iran, leaving many Iranians resentful of the U.S. legacies that still haunt relations between the two countries today. Contents include: "Mosaddeq's Government in Iranian History: Arbitrary Rule, Democracy, and the 1953 Coup" - Homa Katouzian; "Unseating Mosaddeq: The Configuration and Role of Domestic Forces" - Fakhreddin Azimi; "The 1953 Coup in Iran and the Legacy of the Tudeh" - Maziar Behrooz; "Great Britain and the Intervention in Iran, 1953" - Wm. Roger Louis; "The International Boycott of Iranian Oil and the Anti-Mossaddeq Coup of 1953" - Mary Ann Heiss; "The Road to Intervention: Factors Influencing U.S. Policy Toward Iran, 1945-1953" - Malcolm Byrne; "The 1953 Coup d'etat Against Mosaddeq" - Mark J. Gasiorowski
Superpower Intervention In The Middle East Routledge Revivals
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Author : Peter Mangold
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2013-10-14
Superpower Intervention In The Middle East Routledge Revivals written by Peter Mangold and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-10-14 with Social Science categories.
Strategically placed on the global chess board, as well as controlling vast oil resources, the Middle East was one of the main theatres of Cold War. In the 1950s the Soviet Union had taken advantage of Arab Nationalists’ disillusion with British and French Imperialism, along with the emerging Arab-Israeli conflict, to establish relations with Egypt, Syria and Iraq. The United States responded by moving in to shore up the Western position. Confrontation was inevitable. Superpower Intervention in the Middle East was written in 1978, when this confrontation was at its height. The book’s main theme focuses on how the superpowers became competitively involved in local Middle East conflicts over which they could exercise only limited control, and the risks of nuclear confrontation of the kind which occurred at the end of the 1973 Arab-Israeli war. The threat to Western oil supplies is also examined. This is a fascinating work, of great relevance to scholars and students of Middle Eastern history and political diplomacy, as well as those with an interest in the relationship between the Western superpowers and this volatile region.
The Coup
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Author : Ervand Abrahamian
language : en
Publisher: The New Press
Release Date : 2013-11-05
The Coup written by Ervand Abrahamian and has been published by The New Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-11-05 with History categories.
An “absorbing” account of the CIA’s 1953 coup in Iran—essential reading for anyone concerned about Iran’s role in the world today (Harper’s Magazine). In August 1953, the Central Intelligence Agency orchestrated the swift overthrow of Iran’s democratically elected leader and installed Muhammad Reza Shah Pahlavi in his place. When the 1979 Iranian Revolution deposed the shah and replaced his puppet government with a radical Islamic republic under Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, the shift reverberated throughout the Middle East and the world, casting a long, dark shadow over United States-Iran relations that extends to the present day. In this authoritative new history of the coup and its aftermath, noted Iran scholar Ervand Abrahamian uncovers little-known documents that challenge conventional interpretations and sheds new light on how the American role in the coup influenced diplomatic relations between the two countries, past and present. Drawing from the hitherto closed archives of British Petroleum, the Foreign Office, and the US State Department, as well as from Iranian memoirs and published interviews, Abrahamian’s riveting account of this key historical event will change America’s understanding of a crucial turning point in modern United States-Iranian relations. A Choice Outstanding Academic Title “Not only is this book important because of its presentation of history. It is also important because it might be predicting the future.” —Counterpunch “Subtle, lucid, and well-proportioned.” —The Spectator “A valuable corrective to previous work and an important contribution to Iranian history.” —American Historical Review
Fighting With Allies
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Author : Robin Renwick
language : en
Publisher: Biteback Publishing
Release Date : 2016-10-06
Fighting With Allies written by Robin Renwick and has been published by Biteback Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-10-06 with Political Science categories.
It was Winston Churchill who, in his speech at Fulton, Missouri, advocated a 'special relationship between the British Commonwealth ... and the United States ... the continuance of intimate relationships between our military advisers, leading to the common study of potential dangers'. Through the eyes of Churchill, Roosevelt and their successors, Robin Renwick traces the development of the Anglo-American relationship since the desperate summer of 1940, and the part it played in shaping the post-war world. Detecting once again a whiff of the 1930s in the air, he concludes that, as one of the ties that binds Europe and North America, the relationship remains an important one, and not only to Britain and the United States. There are many on both sides of the Atlantic who will think that the world would have been poorer without it. Its future will depend on learning the lessons of military overstretch in Iraq and Afghanistan and resolving the mismatch between Britain's desire to play a role in world affairs and the resources allocated to doing so.
Backbench Debate Within The Conservative Party And Its Influence On British Foreign Policy 1948 57
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Author : S. Onslow
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 1997-03-17
Backbench Debate Within The Conservative Party And Its Influence On British Foreign Policy 1948 57 written by S. Onslow and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997-03-17 with Political Science categories.
This book examines Conservative backbench debate on European integration and British relations in the Middle East between 1948 and 1957. In seeking to compare the impact of a loose affiliation of Conservative MPs, an organized faction of longstanding and an ad-hoc pressure group, the text concentrates upon the Europeanists, the Suez Group and the Anti-Suez Group and considers their attempts to influence British foreign policy, using interviews with former parliamentarians and contemporary sources, published and unpublished.
Rolling The Iron Dice
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Author : Scot Macdonald
language : en
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing USA
Release Date : 2000-07-30
Rolling The Iron Dice written by Scot Macdonald and has been published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000-07-30 with History categories.
Does history provide lessons for foreign policy makers today? Macdonald combines cognitive psychology theories about analogical reasoning, international relations theories about military intervention, and original archival research to analyze the role of historical information in foreign policy decision making. He looks at the role of historical analogies in Anglo-American decision making during foreign policy crises involving the possible use of force in regional contingencies during a crucial period in the 1950s when the West faced an emerging Soviet threat. This study analyzes the influence of situational and individual variables in a comparison of more than ten leaders from two nations facing four different crises. Rolling the Iron Dice describes the often significant effect of historical analogies on perceptions of the adversary and of allies, time constraints, policy options and risks, as well as the justification of policy in four crises: the 1950 Korean invasion; the 1951-53 Iranian oil nationalization incident; the 1956 Suez crisis; and the 1958 crisis in Lebanon and Jordan. Contrary to both the slippery slope and the escalation models of military intervention, Macdonald argues that leaders decide extremely early in a crisis, often on the basis of an historical analogy, but also based on perceptions of the rationality of an adversary, whether to use military force. Their decision does not change unless the adversary capitulates to every demand.