Inventur 45 55
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Inventur 45 55
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Author : Wolfgang Kos
language : de
Publisher:
Release Date : 1996
Inventur 45 55 written by Wolfgang Kos and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996 with Austria categories.
Austria In The First Cold War 1945 55
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Author : G. Bischof
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 1999-08-12
Austria In The First Cold War 1945 55 written by G. Bischof and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999-08-12 with History categories.
At the height of the first Cold War in the early 1950s, the Western powers worried that occupied Austria might become 'Europe's Korea' and feared a Communist takeover. The Soviets exploited their occupation zone for maximum reparations. American economic aid guaranteed Austria's survival and economic reconstruction. Their military assistance turned Austria into a 'secret ally' of the West. Austrian diplomacy played a vital role in securing the Austrian treaty in bilateral negotiations with Stalin's successors in the Kremlin demonstrating the leverage of the weak in the Cold War.
Austria In The Twentieth Century
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Author : Gino Germani
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2017-09-08
Austria In The Twentieth Century written by Gino Germani and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-09-08 with History categories.
These fourteen essays by leading Austrian historians and political scientists serve as a basic introduction to a small but sometimes trend-setting European country. They provide a basic up-to-date outline of Austria's political history, shedding light on economic and social trends as well. No European country has experienced more dramatic turning points in its twentieth-century history than Austria. This volume divides the century into three periods. The five essays of Section I deal with the years 1900-1938. Under the relative tranquility of the late Habsburg monarchy seethed a witch's brew of social and political trends, signaling the advent of modernity and leading to the outbreak of World War I and eventually to the collapse of the Habsburg Empire. The First Austrian Republic was one of the succession states that tried to build a nation against the backdrop of political and economic crisis and simmering civil war between the various political camps. Democracy collapsed in 1933 and an authoritarian regime attempted to prevail against pressures from Nazi Germany and Nazis at home. The two essays in Section II cover World War II (1938-1945). In 1938, Hitler's "Third Reich" annexed Austria and the population was pulled into the cauldron of World War II, fighting and collaborating with the Nazis, and also resisting and fleeing them. The seven essays of Section III concentrate on the Second Republic (1945 to the present). After ten years of four-power Allied occupation, Austria regained her sovereignty with the Austrian State Treaty of 1955. The price paid was neutrality. Unlike the turmoil of the prewar years, Austria became a "normal" nation with a functioning democracy, one building toward economic prosperity. After the collapse of the "iron curtain" in 1989, Austria turned westward, joining the European Union in 1995. Most recently, with the advent of populist politics, Austria's political system has experienced a sea of change departing from its political economy of a huge state-owned sector and social partnership as well as Proporz. This informed and insightful volume will serve as a textbook in courses on Austrian, German and European history, as well as in comparative European politics.
Collective Memory In International Relations
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Author : Kathrin Bachleitner
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2021
Collective Memory In International Relations written by Kathrin Bachleitner and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021 with History categories.
This book traces the influence of collective memory in International Relations (IR). It inquires where a country's memory first emerges and how it guides states through time in world politics, and locates the origins of national memory in political strategies within the internationalenvironment.The study then turns to the domestic landscape, where among a country's public, it finds memory to be the carrier of national identity over time. From there, however, the analysis reverts to the international here: in the medium term, collective memory begins to channel international statebehaviour, whereas, in the long run, it circumvents a country's normative horizons. In this book, collective memory is thus assumed to become manifest in world politics in four varying forms: as a country's political strategy, as its public identity, as underwriting its international statebehaviour, and finally, as a source for its national values. All four theorized manifestations of memory are tested in a comparative study of (West) Germany and Austria and the impact their diverse post-war interpretations of the Nazi legacy had on their international policies over time. With theillustrative help of the empirical cases, the book not only explores whether collective memory has an influence on political outcomes but how and why it matters for IR.
Restitution And Memory
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Author : Dan Diner
language : en
Publisher: Berghahn Books
Release Date : 2007-04-01
Restitution And Memory written by Dan Diner and has been published by Berghahn Books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-04-01 with History categories.
The myriad debates on restitution and memory, which have been going on in Europe for decades, indicate that World War II never ended. It is still very much with us, paradoxically re-invoked by the events of 1989/90 and the expansion of Europe to the east in the aftermath of the collapse of communism and economic globalization. The growing privatization and reprivatization in Eastern Europe revive pre-war memories that lay buried under the blanket of collectivization and nationalization of property after 1945. World War II did not only result in the death and destruction on a large scale but also in an a far-reaching revolution of existing property relations. This volume offers an assessment of the problematic of restitution and its close interconnection with the discourses of memory that have recently emerged.
The Politics Of Memory In Postwar Europe
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Author : Richard Ned Lebow
language : en
Publisher: Duke University Press
Release Date : 2006-09-20
The Politics Of Memory In Postwar Europe written by Richard Ned Lebow and has been published by Duke University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-09-20 with History categories.
Comparative case studies of how memories of World War II have been constructed and revised in France, Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Poland, Italy, and the USSR (Russia).
When The War Was Over
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Author : Claire Duchen
language : en
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing
Release Date : 2010-07-15
When The War Was Over written by Claire Duchen and has been published by Bloomsbury Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-07-15 with History categories.
Popular images of post-war women represent them welcoming home the soldiers, but this volume asks, "What happened next?"The contributors use a range of methodological approaches to encourage the reader to question traditional historiography, the nature of the historical evidence, the process of memory, and the disparities between official discourse and personal narrative, and between written, visual and oral accounts.
The Soviet Union And Cold War Neutrality And Nonalignment In Europe
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Author : Mark Kramer
language : en
Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield
Release Date : 2021-03-22
The Soviet Union And Cold War Neutrality And Nonalignment In Europe written by Mark Kramer and has been published by Rowman & Littlefield this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-03-22 with History categories.
The Soviet Union and Cold War Neutrality and Nonalignment in Europe examines how the neutral European countries and the Soviet Union interacted after World War II. Amid the Cold War division of Europe into Western and Eastern blocs, several long-time neutral countries abandoned neutrality and joined NATO. Other countries remained neutral but were still perceived as a threat to the Soviet Union’s sphere of influence. Based on extensive archival research, this volume offers state-of-the-art essays about relations between Europe’s neutral states and the Soviet Union during the Cold War and how these relations were perceived by other powers.
War Guilt And World Politics After World War Ii
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Author : Thomas U. Berger
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2012-07-16
War Guilt And World Politics After World War Ii written by Thomas U. Berger and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-07-16 with Political Science categories.
When do states choose to adopt a penitent stance towards the past? When do they choose to offer apologies for historical misdeeds, offer compensation for their victims and incorporate the darker sides of history into their textbooks, public monuments and museums? When do they choose not to do so? And what are the political consequences of how states portray the past? This book pursues these questions by examining how governments in post-1945 Austria, Germany and Japan have wrestled with the difficult legacy of the Second World War and the impact of their policies on regional politics in Europe and Asia. The book argues that states can reconcile over historical issues, but to do so requires greater political will and imposes greater costs than is commonly realized. At the same time, in an increasingly interdependent world, failure to do so can have a profoundly disruptive effect on regional relations and feed dangerous geopolitical tensions.
Remembering And Forgetting Nazism
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Author : Peter Utgaard
language : en
Publisher: Berghahn Books
Release Date : 2003-11-01
Remembering And Forgetting Nazism written by Peter Utgaard and has been published by Berghahn Books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-11-01 with Education categories.
The Myth of Austrian victimization at the hands of both Nazi Germany and the Allies became the unifying theme of Austrian official memory and a key component of national identity as a new Austria emerged from the ruins. In the 1980s, Austria's myth of victimization came under intense scrutiny in the wake of the Waldheim scandal that marked the beginning of its erosion. The fiftieth anniversary of the Anschluß in 1988 accelerated this process and resulted in a collective shift away from the victim myth. Important themes examined include the rebirth of Austria, the Anschluß, the war and the Holocaust, the Austrian resistance, and the Allied occupation. The fragmentation of Austrian official memory since the late 1980s coincided with the dismantling of the Conservative and Social Democratic coalition, which had defined Austrian politics in the postwar period. Through the eyes of the Austrian school system, this book examines how postwar Austria came to terms with the Second World War.