Invertebrate Learning And Memory
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Invertebrate Learning And Memory
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Author : Randolf Menzel
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier Inc. Chapters
Release Date : 2013-06-18
Invertebrate Learning And Memory written by Randolf Menzel and has been published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-06-18 with Medical categories.
What is the engram, the memory trace that stores the content of memory? Here, I argue that the engram is more than just the sum of all learning-related neural changes. Rather, it is an integrated part of the whole nervous system, from sensory integration to interneuron processing and motor control. Emphasis is given to those neural processing components that do not express themselves in the behavior of the animal. To date, the search for the olfactory engram in the bee brain has focused on network properties in the antennal lobe (AL), the input and output regions of the mushroom body region (calyx), the mushroom body extrinsic neurons, and the reward pathway. I conclude that the olfactory memory trace in the AL relates predominantly to attention-generating properties. The memory trace in the calyx is characterized by the high-order combinatorial integration of multiple sensory inputs. Mushroom body extrinsic neurons are tentatively related to multiple processing categories that represent the acquired values (e.g., favorable conditions and to be avoided condition) and provide neural commands for goal-directed behavior and decision making. The system of VUM neurons stores appetitive memory related to appetitive internal states and controls nonassociative and associative memories. A model is presented that aims to capture the multifaceted and distributed nature of the engram and may help to guide our future search of the engram at a systems level.
Invertebrate Learning And Memory
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Author : Randolf Menzel
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2013-06-18
Invertebrate Learning And Memory written by Randolf Menzel and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-06-18 with Psychology categories.
Understanding how memories are induced and maintained is one of the major outstanding questions in modern neuroscience. This is difficult to address in the mammalian brain due to its enormous complexity, and invertebrates offer major advantages for learning and memory studies because of their relative simplicity. Many important discoveries made in invertebrates have been found to be generally applicable to higher organisms, and the overarching theme of the proposed will be to integrate information from different levels of neural organization to help generate a complete account of learning and memory. Edited by two leaders in the field, Invertebrate Learning and Memory will offer a current and comprehensive review, with chapters authored by experts in each topic. The volume will take a multidisciplinary approach, exploring behavioral, cellular, genetic, molecular, and computational investigations of memory. Coverage will include comparative cognition at the behavioral and mechanistic level, developments in concepts and methodologies that will underlie future advancements, and mechanistic examples from the most important vertebrate systems (nematodes, molluscs, and insects). Neuroscience researchers and graduate students with an interest in the neural control of cognitive behavior will benefit, as will as will those in the field of invertebrate learning. - Presents an overview of invertebrate studies at the molecular / cellular / neural levels and correlates findings to mammalian behavioral investigations - Linking multidisciplinary approaches allows for full understanding of how molecular changes in neurons and circuits underpin behavioral plasticity - Edited work with chapters authored by leaders in the field around the globe – the broadest, most expert coverage available - Comprehensive coverage synthesizes widely dispersed research, serving as one-stop shopping for comparative learning and memory researchers
Invertebrate Learning And Memory
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Author : Elizabeth A. Tibbetts
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier Inc. Chapters
Release Date : 2013-06-18
Invertebrate Learning And Memory written by Elizabeth A. Tibbetts and has been published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-06-18 with Medical categories.
Individual recognition is often considered a cognitively challenging form of recognition because it requires flexible learning and memory. Because Polistes paper wasps are one of the few invertebrates known to have individual recognition, they provide a good model for exploring how individual recognition shapes cognitive evolution. Here, we review previous work on individual recognition in paper wasps with a particular focus on learning and memory. In this review, we (1) explore the evolution of individual recognition in paper wasps, including the selective pressures thought to shape the origin and maintenance of individual recognition; (2) discuss the extent of memory for specific individuals during paper wasp social interactions; (3) describe a negative reinforcement training method that can be used for comparative learning research in wasps and other invertebrates; and (4) explain how individual recognition has shaped the evolution of specialized visual learning in paper wasps.
Invertebrate Learning And Memory
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Author : David L. Glanzman
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier Inc. Chapters
Release Date : 2013-06-18
Invertebrate Learning And Memory written by David L. Glanzman and has been published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-06-18 with Medical categories.
The marine snail Aplysia californica exhibits a simple defensive withdrawal reflex that can undergo several forms of learning. In particular, the reflex can exhibit long-term sensitization (LTS), a form of nonassociative memory. LTS is mediated by long-term facilitation (LTF) of the monosynaptic connection between the sensory and motor neurons that mediate the withdrawal reflex. LTS and LTF represent one of the best understood model systems of long-term memory extent. Furthermore, discoveries from work on this system have provided fundamental insights into the cellular and molecular mechanisms that mediate the induction and maintenance of long-term memory. This chapter reviews this work; it concludes with a discussion of recent studies of the role of protein kinase M in the persistence of the long-term memory and of memory reconsolidation in Aplysia. It is suggested that the study of LTS and LTF can provide important mechanistic information on these two intriguing memory phenomena.
Invertebrate Learning And Memory
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Author : Dorothea Eisenhardt
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier Inc. Chapters
Release Date : 2013-06-18
Invertebrate Learning And Memory written by Dorothea Eisenhardt and has been published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-06-18 with Medical categories.
The behavioral phenomenon of extinction resembles the decrease of a conditioned behavior when animals experience the presentation of a previously reinforced stimulus. In honeybees, extinction is studied in an appetitive learning paradigm, the olfactory conditioning of the proboscis extension response. Here, I describe recent work on extinction in honeybees (Apis mellifera) and its underlying molecular mechanisms. I demonstrate that extinction in honeybees shares behavioral and molecular similarities with extinction in vertebrates, and I discuss whether these similarities might indicate that extinction is a phylogenetically old mechanism.
Invertebrate Learning And Memory
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Author : Martin Giurfa
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Open Access E-books
Release Date : 2011-06-01
Invertebrate Learning And Memory written by Martin Giurfa and has been published by Frontiers Open Access E-books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-06-01 with categories.
Invertebrate Learning And Memory
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Author : Piero Amodio
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier Inc. Chapters
Release Date : 2013-06-18
Invertebrate Learning And Memory written by Piero Amodio and has been published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-06-18 with Medical categories.
Octopus is an invertebrate well-known for the extreme richness of its behavioral repertoire and plasticity. Recent field observations including mimicry, communicative skills, and tool use capabilities have further supported this view. This chapter briefly reviews the most recent knowledge on octopus learning capabilities, focusing on its capability to learn by observation of conspecifics. Social learning is classically conceived as a behavioral trait shown by gregarious and long-lived animals. However, it has recently been considered to occur in solitary vertebrate and invertebrate species. This chapter provides an update on the experimental evidence for observational learning in the octopus and discusses the constraints and peculiarities of social learning and the potential evolutionary meanings of this capability in this cephalopod mollusk.
Invertebrate Learning And Memory
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Author : Binyamin Hochner
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier Inc. Chapters
Release Date : 2013-06-18
Invertebrate Learning And Memory written by Binyamin Hochner and has been published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-06-18 with Medical categories.
Cephalopod mollusks such as octopus, cuttlefish, and squid (coleoids) are of special interest for studying the evolution and function of learning and memory mechanisms at the system level. They are believed to have the most advanced cognitive behaviors of all invertebrates, rivaling the abilities of many vertebrates. The phylum Mollusca shows the most diversified range of behavioral complexity among the invertebrates, with behavioral complexity correlating roughly with the size of the nervous system (a few thousand vs. half a billion neurons) and its morphological organization (centralized vs. distributed). The mollusks therefore provide an excellent opportunity for assessing conservation and convergent processes in the evolution and development of learning and memory systems subserving complex behaviors. The pioneering work of J. Z. Young, M. J. Wells, and colleagues confirmed that a specific structure in the brain of the modern cephalopods, the vertical lobe, is involved in their highly sophisticated behaviors. This chapter summarizes recent neurophysiological research in the octopus and cuttlefish vertical lobe system that, for the first time, allows a functional and computational approach to the evolution of learning and memory systems.
Invertebrate Learning And Memory
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Author : Daniel Tomsic
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier Inc. Chapters
Release Date : 2013-06-18
Invertebrate Learning And Memory written by Daniel Tomsic and has been published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-06-18 with Medical categories.
Due to their unique advantages for certain experimental approaches, crustaceans have long been used in neurobiological research. In this chapter, we describe a number of important contributions to the field of learning and memory yielded by investigations carried out over more than 20 years in the crab Neohelice (until recently Chasmagnathus) granulata. Several distinct learning paradigms have been implemented in this animal, with the most compelling studies being performed in the so called context-signal memory (CSM). Acquired through a single training session, CSM entails a long-lasting modification (>5 days) of the escape response to a visual danger stimulus. CSM is determined by an association between two independent memories—a memory of the stimulus (signal memory) and a memory of the training environment (context memory). Investigations of CSM have been performed using behavioral, ecological, electrophysiological, anatomical, pharmacological, and molecular approaches. Fundamental findings and their significance are discussed.
Invertebrate Learning And Memory
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Author : Martin Giurfa
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier Inc. Chapters
Release Date : 2013-06-18
Invertebrate Learning And Memory written by Martin Giurfa and has been published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-06-18 with Medical categories.
The behavior of insects transcends elementary forms of adaptive responding to environmental changes. We discuss examples of exploration, instrumental and observational learning, expectation, learning in a social context, and planning of future actions. We show that learning about sensory cues allows insects to transfer flexibly their responses to novel stimuli attaining thereby different levels of complexity, from basic generalization to categorization and concept learning consistent with rule extraction. We argue that updating of existing memories requires multiple forms of memory processing. A key element in these processes is working memory, an active form of memory considered to allow evaluation of actions on the basis of expected outcome. We discuss which of these cognitive faculties can be traced to specific neural processes and how they relate to the overall organization of the insect brain.