Investigations Into The Performance And Emissioncharacteristics Of A Biodiesel Fuelled Ci Engine Under Steady And Transient Operating Conditions
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Investigations Into The Performance And Emissioncharacteristics Of A Biodiesel Fuelled Ci Engine Under Steady And Transient Operating Conditions
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Author : Belachew Chekene Tesfa
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
Investigations Into The Performance And Emissioncharacteristics Of A Biodiesel Fuelled Ci Engine Under Steady And Transient Operating Conditions written by Belachew Chekene Tesfa and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with categories.
The stringent emission laws, the depletion of petroleum reserves and the relation of fuels with politics have forced the world to find alternatives to fossil fuels. Biodiesel is one of the biofuels which is renewable and environmentally friendly and can be used in diesel engines with little or no modifications. For the last two decades, many researchers have reported extensive work on the performance and emission characteristics of engines running with biodiesel during steady state operation. However, there are numbers of knowledge gaps that have been identified which include limited information on biodiesel physio-chemical properties and their effects on combustion behaviour and performance and emission characteristics of the engine. In this study after an exhaustive literature review, the following four research areas have been identified and investigated extensively using available numerical and experimental means. The initial focus was to investigate the most important properties of biodiesel such as density, viscosity and lower heating value using experimental and numerical techniques. The effects of biodiesel blend content on the physical properties were analysed. For each property, prediction models were developed and compared with current models available in literature. New density and viscosity prediction models were developed by considering the combined effect of biodiesel content and temperature. All the empirical models have showed a fair degree of accuracy in estimating the physical properties of biodiesel in comparison to the experimental results. Finally, the effects of density and viscosity on the fuel supply system were investigated. This system includes the fuel filter, fuel pump and the engine combustion chamber in which air-fuel mixing behaviour was studied numerically. These models can be used to understand the effects of changes in the physical properties of the fuel on the fuel supply system. In addition, the fuel supply system analysis can be carried out during the design stage of fuel pump, fuel filter and injection system. The second research objective was the investigation into a CI engine?s combustion characteristics as well as performance and emissions characteristics under both the steady and transient conditions when fuelled with biodiesel blends. The effects of biodiesel content on the CI engine?s in-cylinder pressure, brake specific fuel consumption, thermal efficiency and emissions (CO2, NOx, CO, THC) were evaluated based on experimental results. It has been seen that the CI engine running with the biodiesel resulted in acceptable engine performance as well as reduction in main emissions (except NOx). Following this study, a detailed analysis on the transient performance and emission output of the CI engine has been carried out. During this analysis, the emission changing rate is investigated during speed transient and torque transition stages. Further to this, a transient emission prediction model has been developed using associated steady and transient emission data. The model has been shown to predict the transient emission reasonably accurately. The third research objective was to develop a method for on-line measurement of NOx emission. For this purpose the in-cylinder pressure generated within a CI engine has been measured experimentally along with mass air flow and these parameters have been used in the development of a NOx prediction model. This model has been validated using experimental data obtained from a NOx emission analyzer. The predicted data obtained from NOx prediction model has been compared with measured data and has shown that the deviation is within acceptable range. The final research objective was to develop a simple, reliable and low-cost novel method to reduce the NOx emission of the CI engine when using biodiesel blends. A potential solution to this problem has been found to be in the form of direct water injection which has shown to be capable to reduce NOx emission. Using a water injection technique, the performance and emission(NOx and CO) characteristics of a CI engine fuelled with biodiesel has been investigated at varying water injection flow rates. Intake manifold water injection reduces NOx emission by up to 40% over the entire operating range without compromising the performance characteristics of the CI engine.
Advanced Biofuels
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Author : Kalam Abul Azad
language : en
Publisher: Woodhead Publishing
Release Date : 2019-06-09
Advanced Biofuels written by Kalam Abul Azad and has been published by Woodhead Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-06-09 with Business & Economics categories.
Advanced Biofuels: Applications, Technologies, and Environmental Sustainability presents recent developments and applications of biofuels in the field of internal combustion engines, with a primary focus on the recent approaches of biodiesel applications, low emission alternative fuels, and environmental sustainability. Editors Dr. Azad and Dr. Rasul, along with their team of expert contributors, combine a collection of extensive experimental investigations on engine performance and emissions and combustion phenomena using different types of oxygenated fuel with in-depth research on fuel applications, an analysis of available technologies and resources, energy efficiency improvement methods, and applications of oxygenated fuel for the sustainable environment. Academics, researchers, engineers and technologists will develop a greater understanding of the relevant concepts and solutions to the global issues related to achieving alternative energy application for future energy security, as well as environmental sustainability in medium and large-scale industries. Fills a gap in the literature on alternative fuel applications with in-depth research and experimental investigations of different approaches, technologies and applications Considers the important issue of sustainability using case studies to deepen understanding Includes energy security within various industries, including aviation and transport
Biodiesel Combustion Performance And Emissions Characteristics
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Author : Semakula Maroa
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2020-07-10
Biodiesel Combustion Performance And Emissions Characteristics written by Semakula Maroa and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-07-10 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book focuses on biodiesel combustion, including biodiesel performance, emissions and control. It brings together a range of international research in combustion studies in order to offer a comprehensive resource for researchers, students and academics alike. The book begins with an introduction to biodiesel combustion, followed by a discussion of NOx formation routes. It then addresses biodiesel production processes and oil feedstocks in detail, discusses the physiochemical properties of biodiesel, and explores the benefits and drawbacks of these properties. Factors influencing the formation of emissions, including NOx emissions, are also dealt with thoroughly. Lastly, the book discusses the mechanisms of pollution and different approaches used to reduce pollutants in connection with biodiesel. Each approach is considered in detail, and diagrams are provided to illustrate the points in line with industry standard control mechanisms.
Experimental Investigation Of Diesel Engine Fueled By Biodiesel Blends
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Author : Dimitrios Tziourtzioumis
language : en
Publisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
Release Date : 2013-01
Experimental Investigation Of Diesel Engine Fueled By Biodiesel Blends written by Dimitrios Tziourtzioumis and has been published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-01 with categories.
In Greece, biodiesel, in the form of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters, is produced since 2005 and currently mixed in the Diesel fuel at about 5.5% vol., this percentage being slowly but steadily increasing. The production capacity of existing biodiesel factories in Greece can supply the required quantities to increase the biodiesel blending percentage up to 15%, provided that the necessary vegetable oil and recycled oil quantities should become available and prices be favorable. According to Greek legislation, at least 30% of the raw material must be domestically produced. This need is covered mainly by recycled cooking oils and only secondarily by energy crops in Northern Greece. The author examined the effect of biodiesel fuel on performance, efficiency, emissions and injection system durability of conventional and modern Diesel engines under steady state and transient operating conditions. As a general conclusion, it should be emphasized that the use of low to medium percentage biodiesel blends will be a workable solution both for the common rail engines of modern agricultural tractors and the wide variety of older equipment that is and will be in use for many years to come.
Experimental Investigation Of Transient Rcci Combustion In A Light Duty Diesel Engine
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Experimental Investigation Of Transient Rcci Combustion In A Light Duty Diesel Engine written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with categories.
Low Temperature Combustion (LTC) is currently being researched as a way to reduce problematic emissions (i.e., NOx and PM) from compression-ignition engines while maintaining high fuel efficiency. One of the primary types of LTC is Premixed Compression Ignition (PCI), with some examples of PCI being homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI), premixed charge compression ignition (PCCI), reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI) and partially premixed combustion (PPC). These LTC strategies use early fuel injections to allow sufficient time for air/fuel mixing before combustion. By increasing the amount of air/fuel premixing, NOx and PM emissions can be lowered due to the reduced local and global equivalence ratios. The lean nature of PCI also maintains high thermal efficiency due to the reduced heat transfer losses from the reduced peak combustion temperatures. However, too much air/fuel premixing can lead to rapid energy release rates, limiting the operation space for PCI. To combat this problem, the combustion strategy of interest for the study, RCCI, uses fuel reactivity gradients to increase combustion duration (i.e., reduce the energy release rate) and phasing control, thereby increasing the engine operating space for PCI operation. Previous tests [1-7] have shown promising results for petroleum-based fuels with RCCI. Recent work at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) has shown how blends of biofuels with petroleum fuels can improve RCCI combustion performance [8,9] The work sets out to examine biofuel performance over a wide engine operating space both at steady-state and transient operating conditions with RCCI combustion. It is hoped to demonstrate the capability and effects of using bio-derived fuels in place of conventional petroleum-derived fuels for advanced combustion strategies under real-world operating conditions. In RCCI operation, blends of biodiesel and ethanol fuels will be investigated to examine the fuel effects on the combustion event.
Diesel Engines And Biodiesel Engines Technologies
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Author : Freddie L. Inambao
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2022-08-17
Diesel Engines And Biodiesel Engines Technologies written by Freddie L. Inambao and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-08-17 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Diesel Engines and Biodiesel Engines Technologies explores the conceptual and methodological approaches for the understanding of both diesel engines and biodiesel technologies. The book incorporates reviews of the most significant research findings in both diesel and biodiesel engine production and utilization. It presents technological interventions in biodiesel production and offers a foresight analysis of the perspectives of biodiesel as a future global commodity. It also examines the main challenges that biodiesel will have to overcome in order to play a key role in future energy systems. Furthermore, the book discusses alternative diesel fuels from oils and fats and proposes solutions to issues associated with biodiesel feedstocks, production issues, quality control, viscosity, stability, applications, emissions, and other environmental impacts.
Combustion And Emission Characteristics Of Biofuels In Diesel Engines
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Author : Lukasz Labecki
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
Combustion And Emission Characteristics Of Biofuels In Diesel Engines written by Lukasz Labecki and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with categories.
This study was concerned with the performance of biofuels in diesel engines. Generally, the basic combustion and emission characteristics of Rapeseed Oil (RSO) and Soya Oil (SO) result in a lower in-cylinder pressure peak than diesel. This led to the reduction of Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) emissions and to relatively high soot emissions. Further measurements of RSO were done in order to investigate the influence of injection pressure, injection timing and Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) on combustion and emission characteristics. A high soot emission from RSO was reduced by increased injection pressure. Moreover, injection timing also had to be varied in order to reduce the soot emissions from RSO. The retarded injection timing (3 deg bTDC) and increased injection pressure (1200 bar) for the blend of 30% RSO resulted in a reduction of soot emission to the same level as from diesel fuel. Further investigation regarding the soot emissions was done for Rapeseed Methyl Ester (RME) under turbocharged engine operation. The application of the boost pressure resulted in stable engine operation at a late injection timing of 5 deg aTDC. A simultaneous reduction of soot and NOx emissions has been achieved for RME at an injection timing of TDC and high EGR percentage (40-50%). The soot particles size distribution under different engine operating conditions for RME and diesel has also been investigated. Moreover, the characteristic of Electrostatic Mobility Spectrometer (EMS) and the design of primary dilution system have been provided in order to understand the influence of the dilution process and to obtain more real results. Generally, RME showed less particles concentration in the nucleation mode when compared to diesel. Moreover, high EGR caused a shift of the particles from the nucleation mode by agglomeration into the accumulation mode for both fuels. The effect of injection pressure could only be seen in the accumulation mode, where high injection pressure slightly reduced the concentration number. The soot emission was effectively reduced by the usage of the diesel particulate filter (DPF). For this purpose, the soot particles size distributions before and after the DPF have been measured at different engine speeds and loads. At low engine torque, the soot was effectively filtered while the operation under high engine loads resulted in low soot particle concentration especially in the nucleation mode, after the DPF.
A Study Of The Use Of Biodiesel Fuel In Internal Combustion Engines
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Author : Junnian Zheng
language : en
Publisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
Release Date : 2011-03
A Study Of The Use Of Biodiesel Fuel In Internal Combustion Engines written by Junnian Zheng and has been published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-03 with categories.
Based on the GT-Power software, an engine cycle simulation for a biodiesel fueled direct injection compression ignition engine has been developed and used to study its performance and emission characteristics. The major objectives are to establish the engine model for simulation and then apply the model to study the biodiesel fueled engine and compare it to a petroleum-fueled engine. The engine model has been developed corresponding to a 4.5 liter, John Deere 4045 four-cylinder diesel engine. Submodels for flow in intake/exhaust system, fuel injection, fuel vaporization and combustion, cylinder heat transfer, and energy transfer in a turbocharging system are combined with a thermodynamic analysis of the engine to yield instantaneous in-cylinder parameters and overall engine performance and emission characteristics. At selected operating conditions, effect of engine performance and emission on engine load/speed, injection timing/pressure, EGR level, and compression ratio have been investigated. Variations in cylinder pressure, ignition delay, bsfc, and nitric oxides emissions have been determined for both a biodiesel fueled engine and a conventional diesel fueled engine.
Vehicle And Automotive Engineering 2
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Author : Károly Jármai
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2018-05-09
Vehicle And Automotive Engineering 2 written by Károly Jármai and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-05-09 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book presents the proceedings of the second Vehicle Engineering and Vehicle Industry conference, reflecting the outcomes of theoretical and practical studies and outlining future development trends in a broad field of automotive research. The conference’s main themes included design, manufacturing, economic and educational topics.
Performance And Emissions Of A Di Diesel Engine Fueled By Different Biodiesel Blends
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Author : Majed M. Alawi
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Performance And Emissions Of A Di Diesel Engine Fueled By Different Biodiesel Blends written by Majed M. Alawi and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with categories.
Biodiesel has been a promising clean alternative fuel to fossil fuels, which reduces the emissions that are released by fossil fuels, and possibly reduces the energy crisis caused by the exhaustion of petroleum resources in the near future. Biodiesel is replacing diesel as an alternative fuel for internal combustion engines. Previous research studies have shown that biodiesel can greatly reduce carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC) and particulate matter (PM) emissions compared to diesel fuels, but very few studies have shown a reduction in total nitrogen oxides (NOx). At present, B20 (20% biodiesel in the total fuel mix) is being used commonly in the US due to its material compatibility to changing weather conditions, emission benefits and costs. Currently, Canada is planning to use 5% of biodiesel by 2015. The objective of this study is to test the feasibility of biodiesel in cold climates such as Canada. The biodiesel used is made of canola oil obtained from a local supermarket and winter diesel is used as a reference fuel. Three different series were used. The first series was biodiesel/diesel with six blends (B0, B5, B10, B20, B50 and B100). The second series was biodiesel/diesel plus 2% of a chemical additive (B0, B5A, B10A, B20A, B50A and B100A). The final was kerosene/biodiesel series (K0, K5, K10, K20, K50 and K100). Chemical additive (Wintron XC30) is used to lower the cloud point of the blends and this is the first attempt to investigate its effect on engine emissions. On the other hand, there are limited studies on kerosene being treated as a blending fuel, where it is mainly used to lower the cloud point of the blends to investigate the feasibility of biodiesel in a cold climate such as the winter season in Canada and suggest an appropriate solution for the future of biofuel. Engine performance and emission concentrations are investigated by determining the break specific fuel consumption (bsfc), fuel conversion efficiency and measuring emission concentrations of CO, HC, NO, NO2 and NOx using gas analysers. Engine tests are performed on a constant rated speed at three different load conditions. A comparison is made for the three series. Most of the blends have shown improved emissions compared to fossil diesel. B5A demonstrated a lower cloud point than fossil diesel, and the kerosene series showed excellent results at high load conditions.