Involvement Of Orexinergic And Histaminergic System In Therapeutic Effect Of Histamine H4 Receptor Antagonist Against Cisplatin Induced Anorexia
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Involvement Of Orexinergic And Histaminergic System In Therapeutic Effect Of Histamine H4 Receptor Antagonist Against Cisplatin Induced Anorexia
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Author : Atsushi Yamatodani
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
Involvement Of Orexinergic And Histaminergic System In Therapeutic Effect Of Histamine H4 Receptor Antagonist Against Cisplatin Induced Anorexia written by Atsushi Yamatodani and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with categories.
We report that hypothalamic tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-uf061) mRNA expression via histamine H4 receptors contributes to cisplatin-induced anorexia (Neurosci Lett. 676: 103u2013107, 2018), but its precise mechanisms remain unclear. It has been reported that orexin is a neuropeptide that regulates appetite via the histaminergic system in the hypothalamus, and the administration of TNF-uf061uf020impairs the orexinergic system. We investigated the involvement of orexinergic and histaminergic system in the therapeutic effect of an H4 receptor antagonist against cisplatin-induced anorexia.Mice received cisplatin and JNJ7777120 (an H4 receptor antagonist) with or without pretreatment with JNJ10397049 (an orexin OX2 receptor antagonist), then their food intake was monitored. Additionally, we examined the effect of YNT-185 (an OX2 receptor agonist), ciproxifan (a histamine H3 receptor inverse agonist), or VUF5681 (an H3 receptor antagonist) on cisplatin-induced anorexia. Finally, we investigated the effect of JNJ7777120 on the cisplatin-induced hypothalamic expression of prepro-orexin (PPO) mRNA, which encodes precursors of orexin. Although the pretreatment with JNJ7777120 completely abolished cisplatin-induced anorexia in mice, its therapeutic effect was antagonized by JNJ10397049. We observed that both YNT-185 and ciproxifan also inhibited the cisplatin-induced anorexia, but we found that the inhibitory effect of the YNT-185 was antagonized by VUF5681. Cisplatin decreased the hypothalamic expression of PPO mRNA and the period of expression decreased in parallel with the onset of anorexia: however, the pretreatment with JNJ7777120 inhibited the decrease in expression.The activation of the orexinergic and histaminergic pathway is involved in the therapeutic effect of an H4 receptor antagonist against cisplatin-induced anorexia.
Autonomic Nervous System
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Author : Daniel Pedro Cardinali
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2017-08-04
Autonomic Nervous System written by Daniel Pedro Cardinali and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-08-04 with Medical categories.
A traditional view of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) considers only its peripheral part: the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems. However, this view misses to consider the most important ANS function: the maintenance of homeostasis. This term is used today to define not only the strategies that allow the body proper response to changes in the environment (reactive homeostasis), but also temporal mechanisms that allow the body to predict the most likely timing of environmental stimuli (predictive homeostasis based on biological rhythms). This book discusses the ANS from both an enlarged and a timed perspective. First, it presents how the organization of the ANS is hierarchical into different levels. Following that, the book discusses how the ANS changes functionally in the three-body configurations (wakefulness, slow sleep, rapid eye movement sleep) found in a 24-hour cycle. Finally, the most important clinical implications of this enlarged and timed vision of ANS will be discussed. Autonomic Nervous System – Basic and Clinical Aspects is a comprehensive text intended for medical students and health professionals who are interested in a deeper approach to this important part of the nervous system. It provides a detailed and complete understanding of the neuroscience behind the ANS, allowing a proper clinical applicability of this knowledge.
Hypocretins
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Author : Luis De Lecea
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2007-04-25
Hypocretins written by Luis De Lecea and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-04-25 with Medical categories.
The first report that rapid eye movements occur in sleep in humans was published in 1953. The research journey from this point to the realization that sleep consists of two entirely independent states of being (eventually labeled REM sleep and non-REM sleep) was convoluted, but by 1960 the fundamental duality of sleep was well established including the description of REM sleep in cats associated with “wide awake” EEG patterns and EMG suppression. The first report linking REM sleep to a pathology occurred in 1961 and a clear association of sleep onset REM periods, cataplexy, hypnagogic hallucinations and sleep paralysis was fully established by 1966. When a naïve individual happens to observe a full-blown cataplexy attack, it is both dramatic and unnerving. Usually the observer assumes that the loss of muscle tone represents syncope or seizure. In order to educate health professionals and the general public, Christian Guilleminault and I made movies of full-blown cataplectic episodes (not an easy task). We showed these movies of cataplexy attacks to a number of professional audiences, and were eventually rewarded with the report of a similar abrupt loss of muscle tone in a dog. We were able to bring the dog to Stanford University and with this as the trigger, we were able to develop the Stanford Canine Narcolepsy Colony. Breeding studies revealed the genetic determinants of canine narcolepsy, an autosomal recessive gene we termed canarc1. Emmanuel Mignot took over the colony in 1986 and began sequencing DNA, finally isolating canarc1 in 1999.
Orexin Hypocretin System
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Author : Anantha Shekhar
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2012-09-05
Orexin Hypocretin System written by Anantha Shekhar and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-09-05 with Medical categories.
"In The Orexin/Hypocretin System: Physiology and Pathophysiology, leading researchers and clinicians set the stage for further research on the loss of orexin/hypocretin neurons in humans, regulation of sleep and wakefulness by the orexin/hypocretin system, and the role of the orexin/hypocretin system in many other physiological processes, including feeding, autonomic regulation, and neuroendocrine regulation. Topics of interest include an assessment of the functions and the physiology of orexin/hypocretin, its pathophysiology in human narcolepsy-cataplexy, and possible pharmacological treatments. The authors also introduce several experimental methods for orexin/hypocretin research, and, using multidisciplinary approaches, explain their uses and limitations." "Authoritative and state-of-the-art, The Orexin/Hypocretin System: Physiology and Pathophysiology will aid scientists in the search for novel bioactive peptides and their receptors, as well as novel physiological insights and opportunities for the clinical treatment of not only narcolepsy, but also a broad range of diseases associated with endocrine, feeding and body weight regulation."--Résumé de l'éditeur.
Histamine In The Brain
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Author : Jian-Sheng Lin
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2015-03-18
Histamine In The Brain written by Jian-Sheng Lin and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-03-18 with Brain categories.
Brain aminergic pathways are organized in parallel and interacting systems, which support a range of functions, from homoeostatic regulations to cognitive, and motivational processes. Despite overlapping functional influences, dopamine, serotonin, noradrenaline and histamine systems provide different contributions to these processes. The histaminergic system, long ignored as a major regulator of the sleep-wake cycle, has now been fully acknowledged also as a major coordinator of attention, learning and memory, decision making. Although histaminergic neurons project widely to the whole brain, they are functionally heterogeneous, a feature which may provide the substrate for differential regulation, in a region-specific manner, of other neurotransmitter systems. Neurochemical preclinical studies have clearly shown that histamine interacts and modulates the release of neurotransmitters that are recognized as major modulators of cognitive processing and motivated behaviours. As a consequence, the histamine system has been proposed as a therapeutic target to treat sleep-wake disorders and cognitive dysfunctions that accompany neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory pathologies. Last decades have witnessed an unexpected explosion of interest in brain histamine system, as new receptors have been discovered and selective ligands synthesised. Nevertheless, the complete picture of the histamine systems fine-tuning and its orchestration with other pathways remains rather elusive. This Research Topic is intended to offer an inter-disciplinary forum that will improve our current understanding of the role of brain histamine and provide the fundamentals necessary to drive innovation in clinical practice and to improve the management and treatment of neurological disorders.
Drug Drug Interactions
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Author : Dong Hyun Kim
language : en
Publisher: Mdpi AG
Release Date : 2021-09-17
Drug Drug Interactions written by Dong Hyun Kim and has been published by Mdpi AG this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-09-17 with Science categories.
Drug-drug interactions (DDIs) cause a drug to affect other drugs, leading to reduced drug efficacy or increased toxicity of the affected drug. Some well-known interactions are known to be the cause of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) that are life threatening to the patient. Traditionally, DDI have been evaluated around the selective action of drugs on specific CYP enzymes. The interaction of drugs with CYP remains very important in drug interactions but, recently, other important mechanisms have also been studied as contributing to drug interaction including transport- or UDP-glucuronyltransferase as a Phase II reaction-mediated DDI. In addition, novel mechanisms of regulating DDIs can also be suggested. In the case of the substance targeted for interaction, not only the DDIs but also the herb-drug or food-drug interactions have been reported to be clinically relevant in terms of adverse side effects. Reporting examples of drug interactions on a marketed drug or studies on new mechanisms will be very helpful for preventing the side effects of the patient taking these drugs. This Special Issue aims to highlight current progress in understanding both the clinical and nonclinical interactions of commercial drugs and the elucidation of the mechanisms of drug interactions.
The Orexin Hypocretin System
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Author : Jim R. Fadel
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2019-01-03
The Orexin Hypocretin System written by Jim R. Fadel and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-01-03 with Medical categories.
The Orexins/Hypocretins System: Functional Roles and Therapeutic Potential summarizes research on both the physiological functioning of orexins, their impact on homeostatic processes, and related disorders. The book encompasses the effects on appetite, sleep, substance abuse, cognition, and anxiety. Additionally, it examines new therapeutic approaches utilizing orexins, including utilization of orexin receptors for drug development. It is essential reading for neuroscience researchers interested in brain-behavior relationships, as well as psychiatrists, endocrinologists and pharmacologists. Provides an overview of new research on orexins/hypocretins Includes an overview of intracellular signaling and orexin physiology Discusses the effects on arousal, appetite, cognition, addiction and anxiety Examines orexin based therapies and their potential use in disorders Explores orexin receptors for drug development
Bios Instant Notes In Neuroscience
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Author : Alan Longstaff
language : en
Publisher: Garland Science
Release Date : 2007-02-08
Bios Instant Notes In Neuroscience written by Alan Longstaff and has been published by Garland Science this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-02-08 with Medical categories.
The second edition of Instant Notes in Neuroscience covers neuroanatomy, cellular and molecular neuroscience, systems neuroscience, behavior, development of the nervous system, learning, memory, and common brain disorders. It gives rapid and easy access to the core of the subject in an affordable and manageable-sized text.
Diagnosis And Treatment Of Vestibular Disorders
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Author : Seilesh Babu
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2019-01-24
Diagnosis And Treatment Of Vestibular Disorders written by Seilesh Babu and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-01-24 with Medical categories.
This text reviews the current understanding of vestibular anatomy allowing for a framework of reference, and how it's applied to vestibular testing, diagnosis and management of dizziness. Vestibular testing is an important tool in the evaluation and management of the patient with dizziness. It aids in establishing a diagnosis and determining the side or site of the lesion. In addition, it guides practitioners in selection of treatment and allows the ability of the patient’s condition to be evaluated over its time course. Common vestibular pathologies such as benign positional vertigo, Meniere’s disease, multisensory imbalance, vestibular neuritis, superior canal dehiscence, and vestibular migraine will be addressed in a concise and understandable manner. The text follows a clear format in which the etiology, pathophysiology, diagnostic features and medical or surgical management of such pathologies are discussed. The book gains increased importance as superior canal dehiscence and vestibular migraine are relatively new hot topics. Lastly, relatively rare entities such as bilateral vestibular hypofunction, pediatric vestibular disorders and central vestibular disorders are discussed. This text serves as a complete reference for clinicians, students and researchers interested in this common and severe disorder allowing for improved patient care and advancement of knowledge in the field. Chapters are written by acknowledged experts, allowing summary review of the newest and most up-to-date understanding of scientific information. Diagnosis and Treatment of Vestibular Disorders will be an invaluable resource for otolaryngologists, neurologists, otologists and neurotologists, basic science and translational researchers with interests in the vestibular system, fellows and residents in aforementioned fields, and general practitioners with an interest in patients with symptoms of dizziness.
Biology And Evolution Of The Mexican Cavefish
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Author : Alex Keene
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2015-10-12
Biology And Evolution Of The Mexican Cavefish written by Alex Keene and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-10-12 with Science categories.
Biology and Evolution of the Mexican Cavefish features contributions by leading researchers in a comprehensive, unique work that examines a number of distinct areas of biology—evolution, development, ecology, and behavior—using the Mexican cavefish as a powerful model system to further understanding of basic biological processes such as eye degeneration, hearing, craniofacial development, sleep, and metabolic function. These fish are currently being used to better understand a number of issues related to human health, including age-related blindness, sleep, obesity, mood-related disorders, and aging. The recent sequencing of the cavefish genome broadens the interest of this system to groups working with diverse biological systems, and has helped researchers identify genes that regulate sleep, eye degeneration, and metabolic function. Mexican cavefish are particularly powerful for the study of biological processes because these fish evolved independently in twenty-nine caves in the Sierra de el Abra Region of Northeast Mexico. These fish have dramatic adaptations to the cave environment, and this can be used to identify genes involved in disease-related traits. This scholarly text will be of interest to researchers and students throughout diverse areas of biology and ecology. It includes photographs of animals and behavior in laboratory and natural settings that will also increase interest and accessibility to non-experts. Includes a mixture of images and illustrations such as the geographical distribution of cave pools and the developmental biology of the nervous system Features a companion site with geographical maps Fills a notable gap in the literature on a topic of broad interest to the scientific community Presents the recent sequencing of the cavefish genome as a groundbreaking development for researchers working with diverse biological systems