Is Addiction Rational
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Is Addiction Rational
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Author : Jonathan Gruber
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2000
Is Addiction Rational written by Jonathan Gruber and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000 with Cigarette smokers categories.
A standard model of addictive process is Becker and Murphy's rational addiction' model, which has the key empirical prediction that the current consumption of addictive goods should respond to future prices, and the key normative prediction that the optimal government regulation of addictive goods should depend only on their interpersonal externalities. While a variety of previous studies have supported this empirical contention, we demonstrate that these results are very fragile. We propose a new empirical test for the case of cigarettes, using state excise tax increases that have been legislatively enacted but are not yet effective, and monthly data on consumption. We find strong evidence that consumption drops when there are announced future tax increases, providing more robust support for the key empirical prediction of the Becker and Murphy model. But we also propose a new formulation of this model that makes only one change, albeit a major one: the incorporation of the inconsistent preferences which are likely to provide a much better platform for understanding the smoking decision. We find that with these preferences the model continues to yield the predictions for forward-looking behavior that have been tested by others and by ourselves. But it has strikingly different normative implications, as with these preferences optimal government policy should depend as well on the internalities' imposed by smokers on themselves. We estimate that the optimal tax per pack of cigarettes should be at least one dollar higher under our formulation than in the rational addiction case.
Getting Hooked
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Author : Jon Elster
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 1999-03-13
Getting Hooked written by Jon Elster and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999-03-13 with Philosophy categories.
The essays in this volume offer a thorough discussion of the relationship between addiction and rationality. This book-length treatment of the subject includes contributions from philosophers, psychiatrists, neurobiologists, sociologists and economists. Contrary to the widespread view that addicts are subject to overpowering and compulsive urges, the authors in this volume demonstrate that addicts are capable of making choices and responding to incentives. At the same time they disagree with Gary Becker's argument that addiction is the result of rational choice. The volume offers an exposition of the neurophysiology of addiction, a critical examination of the Becker theory of rational addiction, an argument for a 'visceral theory of addiction', a discussion of compulsive gambling as a form of addiction, several discussions of George Ainslie's theory of hyperbolic discounting, analyses of social causes and policy implications, and an investigation of the problem of relapse.
Thinking About Addiction
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Author : Craig Hanson
language : en
Publisher: Rodopi
Release Date : 2009
Thinking About Addiction written by Craig Hanson and has been published by Rodopi this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with Medical categories.
What is addiction? Why do some people become addicted while others do not? Is the addict rational? In this book, Craig Hanson attempts to answer these questions and more. Using insights from the beginnings of philosophy to contemporary behavioral economics, Hanson attempts to assess the variety of ways in which we can and cannot, understand addiction. Special consideration is given to a challenging (and controversial) proposal dubbed “hyperbolic discounting.” Hanson proposes some modifications to the hyperbolic discounting view that permit it to explain not only addiction, but also a variety of psychological maladies, such as self-deception.
Consumer Behaviour Does Rational Addiction Exist
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Author : Lukas Dauner
language : en
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Release Date : 2018-03-27
Consumer Behaviour Does Rational Addiction Exist written by Lukas Dauner and has been published by GRIN Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-03-27 with Business & Economics categories.
Seminar paper from the year 2018 in the subject Economy - Health Economics, grade: 1,0, University of Hohenheim (Institut für Health Care & Public Management), language: English, abstract: It is proposed by Gary S. Becker and Kevin M. Murphy that addictive behavior could be usefully integrated in the rational choice framework. According to their theory, consumers are forward-looking in their decision making and calculate present and future consequences of consuming an addictive good. Becker and Murphy even claim that analyzing addictions as a rational choice offers new insights and a better understanding of addiction. Earlier economic models typically explain addictions with irrational or myopic behavior in which individuals ignore or highly discount the future when making their decisions. While the rational addiction model has become a standard tool in the economic analysis of addictive behavior, it has also been subject to much criticism. As shown in this paper, there is much evidence that model’s assumptions are unrealistic. It is argued however that the model’s predictions rather than its assumptions should be rejected based on the empirical evidence. By reviewing empirical studies which tested the Becker Murphy model, this paper seeks to examine to what extent the rational choice approach can be legitimately applied to addictive behavior. The model’s assumptions and implications will be explained. later, the main criticisms about the theory will be discussed. After that, the most relevant studies and their implications will be reviewed.
Addiction
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Author : Jon Elster
language : en
Publisher: Russell Sage Foundation
Release Date : 1999-10-28
Addiction written by Jon Elster and has been published by Russell Sage Foundation this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999-10-28 with Psychology categories.
Addiction focuses on the emergence, nature, and persistence of addictive behavior, as well as the efforts of addicts to overcome their condition. Do addicts act of their own free will, or are they driven by forces beyond their control? Do structured treatment programs offer more hope for recovery? What causes relapses to occur? Recent scholarship has focused attention on the voluntary aspects of addiction, particularly the role played by choice. Addiction draws upon this new research and the investigations of economists, psychiatrists, philosophers, neuropharmacologists, historians, and sociologists to offer an important new approach to our understanding of addictive behavior. The notion that addicts favor present rewards over future gains or penalties echoes throughout the chapters in Addiction. The effect of cultural values and beliefs on addicts, and on those who treat them, is also explored, particularly in chapters by Elster on alcoholism and by Acker on American heroin addicts in the 1920s and 1930s. Essays by Gardner and by Waal and Mørland discuss the neurobiological roots of addiction Among their findings are evidence that addictive drugs also have an important effect on areas of the central nervous system unrelated to euphoria or dysphoria, and that tolerance and withdrawal phenomena vary greatly from drug to drug. The plight of addicts struggling to regain control of their lives receives important consideration in Addiction. Elster, Skog, and O'Donoghue and Rabin look at self-administered therapies ranging from behavioral modifications to cognitive techniques, and discuss conditions under which various treatment strategies work. Drug-based forms of treatment are discussed by Gardner, drawing on work that suggests that parts of the population have low levels of dopamine, inducing a tendency toward sensation-seeking. There are many different explanations for the impulsive, self-destructive behavior that is addiction. By bringing the triple perspective of neurobiology, choice, and culture to bear on the phenomenon, Addiction offers a unique and valuable source of information and debate on a problem of world-wide proportions.
Rational Madness
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Author : Ray Hoskins
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1989
Rational Madness written by Ray Hoskins and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1989 with Adaptability (Psychology) categories.
Choice Behavioral Economics And Addiction
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Author : Rudolph Eugene Vuchinich
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2003-11-13
Choice Behavioral Economics And Addiction written by Rudolph Eugene Vuchinich and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-11-13 with Computers categories.
Choice, Behavioural Economics and Addiction is about the theory, data, and applied implications of choice-based models of substance use and addiction. The distinction between substance use and addiction is important, because many individuals use substances but are not also addicted to them. The behavioural economic perspective has made contributions to the analysis of both of these phenomena and, while the major focus of the book is on theories of addiction, it is necessary also to consider the behavioural economic account of substance use in order to place the theories in their proper context and provide full coverage of the contribution of behavioural economics to this field of study. The book discusses the four major theories of addiction that have been developed in the area of economic science/behavioural economics. They are: . hyperbolic discounting . melioration . relative addiction . rational addiction The main objective of the book is to popularise these ideas among addiction researchers, academics and practitioners. The specific aims are to articulate the shared and distinctive elements of these four theories, to present and discuss the latest empirical work on substance abuse and addiction that is being conducted in this area, and to articulate a range of applied implications of this body of work for clinical, public health and public policy initiatives. The book is based on an invitation-only conference entitled, Choice, Behavioural Economics and Addiction: Theory, Evidence and Applications held at the University of Alabama at Birmingham, March 30 - April 1, 2001. The conference was attended by prominent scientists and scholars, representing a range of disciplines concerned with theories of addiction and their consequences for policy and practice. The papers in the book are based on the papers given at the above conference, together with commentaries by distinguished experts and, in many cases, replies to these comments by the presenters.
Theory Of Addiction
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Author : Robert West
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2013-05-20
Theory Of Addiction written by Robert West and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-05-20 with Psychology categories.
An understanding of addiction theory is vital to understanding addiction itself. Theory of Addiction takes theory development from a simple ‘rational addiction model’, adding elements such as compulsion, self-control and habit, to explain the ‘big observations’ in the field. As well as explaining and evaluating the arguments of each of the prevailing schools of thought, the book develops a new, synthetic theory of addiction that brings together the diverse elements of current models. Designed to enable students, practitioners and researchers to establish a starting point in the labyrinthine world of addiction theory, Theory of Addiction supports abstract thinking with concrete and realistic scenarios, underlining the centrality of theoretical understanding to working with addiction. Presents a digest of major existing theories in one volume Develops a new synthetic theory of addiction Recognises the diversity of the experience of addiction Discusses factors at the level of both the individual and populations Provides key recommendations for the development of effective interventions
Rational Recovery
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Author : Jack Trimpey
language : en
Publisher: Simon and Schuster
Release Date : 1996-11
Rational Recovery written by Jack Trimpey and has been published by Simon and Schuster this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996-11 with Literary Criticism categories.
Offers a self-recovery program for substance abuse based on the Addictive Voice Recognition Technique.
Does Rational Addiction Imply Irrational Non Addiction
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Author : John Quiggin
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2001
Does Rational Addiction Imply Irrational Non Addiction written by John Quiggin and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with Health behavior categories.