Isolation And Characterization Of Uncle Fester An Allorecognition Molecule In The Primitive Chordate Botryllus Schlosseri
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Isolation And Characterization Of Uncle Fester An Allorecognition Molecule In The Primitive Chordate Botryllus Schlosseri
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Author : Tanya Renee McKitrick
language : en
Publisher: Stanford University
Release Date : 2011
Isolation And Characterization Of Uncle Fester An Allorecognition Molecule In The Primitive Chordate Botryllus Schlosseri written by Tanya Renee McKitrick and has been published by Stanford University this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with categories.
transmembrane helices and a short intracellular tail. Sequences from over 70 individuals collected from populations along the West Coast of North America and two populations from the North East coast revealed that uncle fester is remarkably non-polymorphic, with only two single nucleotide polymorphisms and one amino acid deletion found to be segregating within these populations. I first determined uncle fester expression by RT-PCR, and found that expression begins in the early stages of embryonic development, and continues throughout the life cycle of the individual. These studies also revealed that uncle fester is alternatively spliced in the embryo, tadpole and adult stages of development. Each adult examined thus far expresses three alternative splice variants; however, embryos and tadpole larvae express an additional set of splice variants. The roles of these splice variants remain unknown. I then performed in situ hybridization on tadpole larvae, juveniles and adult colonies using an uncle fester specific riboprobe, to determine where the uncle fester mRNA is localized. The results indicate that uncle fester mRNA is found on the larval adhesive papillae, the epithelia of the ampullae and on a subset of blood cells, all tissues known to be involved in the allorecognition response. I also created two monoclonal antibodies to the uncle fester protein, and results from whole-mount immunohistochemistry are concordant with the mRNA in situ hybridization data. The methods and characterization of the uncle fester antibodies can be found in Chapter 4. Previous studies have shown that fester is also expressed along the epithelia of the ampullae. To determine if both proteins are co-expressed on the same populations of cells, I performed double-labeled FACS and IF using directly conjugated fester and uncle fester mAbs. Results indicated that all cells that express uncle fester also express fester, and in addition there is a population of fester+/uncle fester- cells found migrating within the tunic. To determine if uncle fester was functionally involved in the allorecognition response, I used two distinct approaches. First, I delivered custom siRNA to individuals while surgically removing the ampullar tissue, essentially forcing the animals to regenerate new ampullae under the effects of the siRNA and eliminating the uncle fester protein. When incompatible colonies were paired while under the effects of siRNA, the allorecognition response was never initiated and the two colonies eventually grew over the top of each other. However, the application of uncle fester siRNA had no effect on compatible colonies, suggesting that the activation of a rejection reaction is independent of a fusion response. The second approach was to stimulate function using the uncle fester specific monoclonal antibodies. By conjugating the mAb to magnetic beads, I was able to localize the antibody to the epithelia of ampullae, which resulted in the formation of strong points of rejection on a single colony. In summary, I found that uncle fester is a non-polymorphic type I transmembrane protein that expresses a limited repertoire of alternative splice variants. It is co-localized with both the fuhc and fester on all tissues important to the allorecognition response. Functionally, uncle fester is required to activate a rejection response, but plays no role in compatible interactions. These results have transformed our working hypothesis from allorecognition consisting of a single activating pathway, to one consisting of two independent activating and inhibitory pathways that control histocompatibility outcomes.
Origin And Evolution Of Biodiversity
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Author : Pierre Pontarotti
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2018-08-27
Origin And Evolution Of Biodiversity written by Pierre Pontarotti and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-08-27 with Science categories.
The book includes 19 selected contributions presented at the 21st Evolutionary Biology Meeting, which took place in Marseille in September 2017. The chapters are grouped into the following five categories: · Genome/Phenotype Evolution · Self/Nonself Evolution · Origin of Biodiversity · Origin of Life · Concepts The annual Evolutionary Biology Meetings in Marseille serve to gather leading evolutionary biologists and other scientists using evolutionary biology concepts, e.g. for medical research. The aim of these meetings is to promote the exchange of ideas to encourage interdisciplinary collaborations. Offering an up-to-date overview of recent findings in the field of evolutionary biology, this book is in invaluable source of information for scientists, teachers and advanced students.
Advances In Comparative Immunology
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Author : Edwin L. Cooper
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2018-08-07
Advances In Comparative Immunology written by Edwin L. Cooper and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-08-07 with Medical categories.
Immunologists, perhaps understandably, most often concentrate on the human immune system, an anthropocentric focus that has resulted in a dearth of information about the immune function of all other species within the animal kingdom. However, knowledge of animal immune function could help not only to better understand human immunology, but perhaps more importantly, it could help to treat and avoid the blights that affect animals, which consequently affect humans. Take for example the mass death of honeybees in recent years – their demise, resulting in much less pollination, poses a serious threat to numerous crops, and thus the food supply. There is a similar disappearance of frogs internationally, signaling ecological problems, among them fungal infections. This book aims to fill this void by describing and discussing what is known about non-human immunology. It covers various major animal phyla, its chapters organized in a progression from the simplest unicellular organisms to the most complex vertebrates, mammals. Chapters are written by experts, covering the latest findings and new research being conducted about each phylum. Edwin L. Cooper is a Distinguished Professor in the Laboratory of Comparative Immunology, Department of Neurobiology at UCLA’s David Geffen School of Medicine.
Comparative Immunology
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Author : Edwin Lowell Cooper
language : en
Publisher: Prentice Hall
Release Date : 1976
Comparative Immunology written by Edwin Lowell Cooper and has been published by Prentice Hall this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1976 with Medical categories.
Lessons In Immunity
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Author : Loriano Ballarin
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2016-04-08
Lessons In Immunity written by Loriano Ballarin and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-04-08 with Medical categories.
Lessons in Immunity: From Single-cell Organisms to Mammals stems from the activity of the Italian Association of Developmental and Comparative Immunobiology (IADCI), represented by the editors. This book is presented as a series of short overviews that report on the current state of various relevant fields of immunobiology from an evolutionary perspective. The overviews are written by authors directly involved in the research, and most are members of the IADCI or have otherwise been involved in the related research for their respective overview. This publication offers scientists and teachers an easy and updated reference tool. Provides simple and updated reviews on the immunobiology of a wide spectrum of organisms, considered in an evolutionary context Focuses on both cells and humoral components of a variety of non-classical model organisms Offers in a single volume many contributions which can help with understanding the evolution of immune responses and the main adaptations in animal phyla Presents a valuable holistic cross-sectional approach for teaching immunology and its applications
Phylogeny And Ontogeny
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Author : Nicholas Cohen
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-03-09
Phylogeny And Ontogeny written by Nicholas Cohen and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-03-09 with Science categories.
This comprehensive treatise on the reticuloendothelial system is a project jointly shared by individual members of the Reticuloendothelial (RE) Society and bio medical scientists in general who are interested in the intricate system of cells and molecular moieties derived from these cells which constitute the RES. It may now be more fashionable in some quarters to consider these cells as part of what is called the mononuclear phagocytic system or the lymphoreticular system. Nevertheless, because of historical developments and current interest in the subject by investigators from many diverse areas, it seems advantageous to present in one comprehensive treatise current information and knowledge con cerning basic aspects of the RES, such as morphology, biochemistry, phylogeny and ontogeny, physiology, and pharmacology as well as clinical areas including immunopathology, cancer, infectious diseases, allergy, and hypersensitivity. It is anticipated that by presenting information concerning these apparently heterogeneous topics under the unifying umbrella of the RES attention will be focused on the similarities as well as interactions among the cell types constitut ing the RES from the viewpoint of various disciplines. The treatise editors and their editorial board, consisting predominantly of the editors of individual vol umes, are extremely grateful for the enthusiastic cooperation and enormous task undertaken by members of the biomedical community in general and especially by members of the American as well as European and Japanese Reticuloendothe lial Societies.
The Cnidaria Past Present And Future
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Author : Stefano Goffredo
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-09-07
The Cnidaria Past Present And Future written by Stefano Goffredo and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-09-07 with Science categories.
This volume presents a broad panorama of the current status of research of invertebrate animals considered belonging to the phylum Cnidaria, such as hydra, jellyfish, sea anemone, and coral. In this book the Cnidarians are traced from the Earth’s primordial oceans, to their response to the warming and acidifying oceans. Due to the role of corals in the carbon and calcium cycles, various aspects of cnidarian calcification are discussed. The relation of the Cnidaria with Mankind is approached, in accordance with the Editors’ philosophy of bridging the artificial schism between science, arts and Humanities. Cnidarians' encounters with humans result in a broad spectrum of medical emergencies that are reviewed. The final section of the volume is devoted to the role of Hydra and Medusa in mythology and art.
Immunology Of Annelids
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Author : Martin Bilej
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 1993-12-16
Immunology Of Annelids written by Martin Bilej and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993-12-16 with Medical categories.
Immunology of Annelids provides a state-of-the-art review of the biological and biochemical processes involved in defense reactions of annelids. The book covers phylogeny, taxonomy, and fundamental body structure to provide basic information essential to developing a full understanding of the defense system of an organism. Physiological aspects of the relationship between the immune systems and cells and their limitations are discussed in detail, and the role of cells in cellular defense, transplantation, and humoral defenses is explained. The importance of annelids and their defense reaction from the phylogenetic standpoint is examined in a chapter comparing vertebrate and invertebrate defense strategies. Immunology of Annelids is a practical reference for cell biologists, immunologists, evolutionary and developmental biologists, and other researchers who need insight into the development and hierarchy of immune reactions.
A History Of Transplantation Immunology
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Author : Leslie Brent
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 1996-11-18
A History Of Transplantation Immunology written by Leslie Brent and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996-11-18 with Medical categories.
Those entering the field of transplantation are frequently unaware of the topics historical roots and even of the background on which modern discoveries in tolerance, histocompabatibility antigens, and xenotransplantation are based. A History of Transplantation Immunology is an account, written by one of the founding fathers of the field, of how tissue and organ transplantation has become one of the most successful branches of late 20th century medicine. The book helps place the work of contemporary scientists into its proper context and makes fascinating reading for immunologists in all stages of their career. Describes landmarks in immunology and places them in historical context Beautifully written by one of the founding fathers of the field Portrays the surprising history of events in a colorful and readable manner Contains biographical sketches of some of the pioneers Illustrates the development of key ideas in immunology--tolerance, graft rejection, and transplantation Foreword by Ray Owen
Complementary And Alternative Approaches To Biomedicine
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Author : Edwin L. Cooper
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-06-29
Complementary And Alternative Approaches To Biomedicine written by Edwin L. Cooper and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-06-29 with Medical categories.
WHAT HAPPENED IN KANAZAWA? THE BIRTH OF eCAM This book contains the proceedings of the International Symposium on Complementary and Alternative Medicine, (CAM) which was convened in Kanazawa Japan, November 8-10, 2002. The participants were mainly from Japan, USA, China, France, England, Germany, Taiwan, and India. The world of western medicine is gradually opening its doors to new ways of ap proaching healing. Since many of these approaches began centuries and even millennia ago in Asia, it was entirely appropriate to open our symposium in Kanazawa, a beautiful, traditional city located on the Sea of Japan. Experts from Asia, Europe and the United States gathered together for true discussions on complementary and alternative medicine and its role developing all over the world. As scientists, we listened to historical perspec tives from India, China and Japan, where CAM is still being practiced as it has been for centuries. It is well to mention at the outset that this book will cover a rapidly growing field that has strong advocates but others who are less than enthusiastic. This should be evident by the presentation of chapters that aim to significantly dispel some of the criticisms of pseudoscience and myth that often surround the discipline. It is our purpose to present high quality peer reviewed chapters.