Janus Faced Probability
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Janus Faced Probability
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Author : Paolo Rocchi
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2014-04-25
Janus Faced Probability written by Paolo Rocchi and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-04-25 with Mathematics categories.
The problem of probability interpretation was long overlooked before exploding in the 20th century, when the frequentist and subjectivist schools formalized two conflicting conceptions of probability. Beyond the radical followers of the two schools, a circle of pluralist thinkers tends to reconcile the opposing concepts. The author uses two theorems in order to prove that the various interpretations of probability do come into opposition and can be used in different contexts. The goal here is to clarify the multi fold nature of probability by means of a purely mathematical approach and to show how philosophical arguments can only serve to deepen actual intellectual contrasts. The book can be considered as one of the most important contributions in the analysis of probability interpretation in the last 10-15 years.
Philosophical Theories Of Probability
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Author : Donald Gillies
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2012-09-10
Philosophical Theories Of Probability written by Donald Gillies and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-09-10 with Philosophy categories.
The Twentieth Century has seen a dramatic rise in the use of probability and statistics in almost all fields of research. This has stimulated many new philosophical ideas on probability. Philosophical Theories of Probability is the first book to present a clear, comprehensive and systematic account of these various theories and to explain how they relate to one another. Gillies also offers a distinctive version of the propensity theory of probability, and the intersubjective interpretation, which develops the subjective theory.
Probability Information And Physics Problems With Quantum Mechanics In The Context Of A Novel Probability Theory
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Author : Paolo Rocchi
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 2023-08-29
Probability Information And Physics Problems With Quantum Mechanics In The Context Of A Novel Probability Theory written by Paolo Rocchi and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-08-29 with Mathematics categories.
This book deals with two main topics. The first is a theory that aims to unify the many interpretations of probability presented in the literature. The second uses this comprehensive theory of probability to answer the questions of quantum mechanics that have long been debated. The entire book proposes original solutions that several experimental cases substantiate.
Relocating The History Of Science
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Author : Theodore Arabatzis
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2015-05-19
Relocating The History Of Science written by Theodore Arabatzis and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-05-19 with Science categories.
This volume is put together in honor of a distinguished historian of science, Kostas Gavroglu, whose work has won international acclaim, and has been pivotal in establishing the discipline of history of science in Greece, its consolidation in other countries of the European Periphery, and the constructive dialogue of these emerging communities with an extended community of international scholars. The papers in the volume reflect Gavroglu’s broad range of intellectual interests and touch upon significant themes in recent history and philosophy of science. They include topics in the history of modern physical sciences, science and technology in the European periphery, integrated history and philosophy of science, historiographical considerations, and intersections with the history of mathematics, technology and contemporary issues. They are authored by eminent scholars whose academic and personal trajectories crossed with Gavroglu’s. The book will interest historians and philosophers of science and technology alike, as well as science studies scholars, and generally readers interested in the role of the sciences in the past in various geographical contexts.
Uncertainty In Economics
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Author : Julia Köhn
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2017-07-04
Uncertainty In Economics written by Julia Köhn and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-07-04 with Business & Economics categories.
In this book the author develops a new approach to uncertainty in economics, which calls for a fundamental change in the methodology of economics. It provides a comprehensive overview and critical appraisal of the economic theory of uncertainty and shows that uncertainty was originally conceptualized both as an epistemic and an ontological problem. As a result of the economic professions’ attempt to become acknowledged as a science, the more problematic aspect of ontological uncertainty has been neglected and the subjective probability approach to uncertainty became dominant in economic theory. A careful analysis of ontological theories of uncertainty explains the blindness of modern economics to economic phenomena such as instability, slumps or excessive booms. Based on these findings the author develops a new approach that legitimizes a New Uncertainty Paradigm in economics.
Handbook Of The Logic Of Argument And Inference
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Author : R.H. Johnson
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2002-09-11
Handbook Of The Logic Of Argument And Inference written by R.H. Johnson and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002-09-11 with Computers categories.
The Handbook of the Logic of Argument and Inference is an authoritative reference work in a single volume, designed for the attention of senior undergraduates, graduate students and researchers in all the leading research areas concerned with the logic of practical argument and inference. After an introductory chapter, the role of standard logics is surveyed in two chapters. These chapters can serve as a mini-course for interested readers, in deductive and inductive logic, or as a refresher. Then follow two chapters of criticism; one the internal critique and the other the empirical critique. The first deals with objections to standard logics (as theories of argument and inference) arising from the research programme in philosophical logic. The second canvasses criticisms arising from work in cognitive and experimental psychology. The next five chapters deal with developments in dialogue logic, interrogative logic, informal logic, probability logic and artificial intelligence. The last chapter surveys formal approaches to practical reasoning and anticipates possible future developments. Taken as a whole the Handbook is a single-volume indication of the present state of the logic of argument and inference at its conceptual and theoretical best. Future editions will periodically incorporate significant new developments.
Philosophies Puzzles And Paradoxes
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Author : Yudi Pawitan
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2024-03-21
Philosophies Puzzles And Paradoxes written by Yudi Pawitan and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-03-21 with Philosophy categories.
Unlike mathematics, statistics deals with real-world data and involves a higher degree of subjectivity due to the role of interpretation. Interpretation is shaped by context as well as the knowledge, preferences, assumptions and preconceptions of the interpreter, leading to a variety of interpretations of concepts as well as results. Philosophies, Puzzles and Paradoxes: A Statistician’s Search for Truth thoroughly examines the distinct philosophical approaches to statistics – Bayesian, frequentist and likelihood – arising from different interpretations of probability and uncertainty. These differences are highlighted through numerous puzzles and paradoxes and illuminated by extensive discussions of the background philosophy of science. Features: Exploration of the philosophy of knowledge and truth and how they relate to deductive and inductive reasoning, and ultimately scientific and statistical thinking Discussion of the philosophical theories of probability that are wider than the standard Bayesian and frequentist views Exposition and examination of Savage’s axioms as the basis of subjective probability and Bayesian statistics Explanation of likelihood and likelihood-based inference, including the controversy surrounding the likelihood principle Discussion of fiducial probability and its evolution to confidence procedure Introduction of extended and hierarchical likelihood for random parameters, with the recognition of confidence as extended likelihood, leading to epistemic confidence as an objective measure of uncertainty for single events Detailed analyses and new variations of classic paradoxes, such as the Monty Hall puzzle, the paradox of the ravens, the exchange paradox, and more Substantive yet non-technical, catering to readers with only introductory exposure to the theory of probability and statistics This book primarily targets statisticians in general, including both undergraduate and graduate students, as well as researchers interested in the philosophical basis of probability and statistics. It is also suitable for philosophers of science and general readers intrigued by puzzles and paradoxes.
Cosmological Fine Tuning Arguments
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Author : Jason Waller
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2019-09-05
Cosmological Fine Tuning Arguments written by Jason Waller and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-09-05 with Philosophy categories.
If the physical constants, initial conditions, or laws of nature in our universe had been even slightly different, then the evolution of life would have been impossible. This observation has led many philosophers and scientists to ask the natural next question: why is our universe so "fine-tuned" for life? The debates around this question are wide-ranging, multi-disciplinary, complicated, technical, and (at times) heated. This study is a comprehensive investigation of these debates and the many metaphysical and epistemological questions raised by cosmological fine-tuning. Waller’s study reaches two significant and controversial conclusions. First, he concludes that the criticisms directed at the "multiverse hypothesis" by theists and at the "theistic hypothesis" by naturalists are largely unsuccessful. Neither of these options can plausibly be excluded. Choosing between them seems to turn on primitive (and so hard to justify) metaphysical intuitions. Second, in order to break the philosophical deadlock, Waller moves the debate from the level of universes to the level of possible worlds. Arguing that possible worlds are also "fine-tuned" in an important and interesting sense, Waller concludes that the only plausible explanation for the fine-tuning of the actual world is to posit the existence of some kind of "God-like-thing."
Hobbes And The Two Faces Of Ethics
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Author : Arash Abizadeh
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2018-11
Hobbes And The Two Faces Of Ethics written by Arash Abizadeh and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-11 with Philosophy categories.
Uncovers Hobbes's distinction between reasons of the good and the right, which was a watershed in the history of ethics.
Philosophy Of Probability And Statistical Modelling
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Author : Mauricio Suárez
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2021-01-21
Philosophy Of Probability And Statistical Modelling written by Mauricio Suárez and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-01-21 with Philosophy categories.
This Element has two main aims. The first one (sections 1-7) is an historically informed review of the philosophy of probability. It describes recent historiography, lays out the distinction between subjective and objective notions, and concludes by applying the historical lessons to the main interpretations of probability. The second aim (sections 8-13) focuses entirely on objective probability, and advances a number of novel theses regarding its role in scientific practice. A distinction is drawn between traditional attempts to interpret chance, and a novel methodological study of its application. A radical form of pluralism is then introduced, advocating a tripartite distinction between propensities, probabilities and frequencies. Finally, a distinction is drawn between two different applications of chance in statistical modelling which, it is argued, vindicates the overall methodological approach. The ensuing conception of objective probability in practice is the 'complex nexus of chance'.