Juveniles Prosecuted In State Criminal Courts
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Juveniles Prosecuted In State Criminal Courts
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Author : Carol J. DeFrances
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1997
Juveniles Prosecuted In State Criminal Courts written by Carol J. DeFrances and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997 with Criminal statistics categories.
Trying Juveniles As Adults In Criminal Court
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Author : Patrick Griffin
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1998
Trying Juveniles As Adults In Criminal Court written by Patrick Griffin and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998 with Children categories.
Juvenile Justice
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Author : Cliff Roberson
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2010-08-30
Juvenile Justice written by Cliff Roberson and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-08-30 with Law categories.
Over several hundred years, the juvenile justice system has evolved from one in which a child offender was prosecuted under the same guidelines used for adults to the current system in which society has recognized the unique status of juveniles within the criminal justice framework. Written by world-renowned legal scholar Cliff Roberson, Juvenile Justice: Theory and Practice provides a comprehensive overview of the system that administers the prosecution of young offenders. It examines how the juvenile justice system began, its current state, and the direction it appears to be heading. Topics discussed include: Types of juvenile delinquency cases, arrest statistics, juvenile justice organizations, and the concept of judicial waiver The history of juvenile courts, including the parens patriae doctrine, early laws, In re Gault, and concepts of reform versus punishment Delinquency causation philosophies, including social, cultural deviance, symbolic interactionist, and psychological theories Types of abuse and neglect, child protective services, and child abuse prevention programs Law enforcement agencies, the structure of juvenile courts, juvenile court procedures, transfers to criminal court, and the concept of individual rights Juvenile probation and parole, juvenile institutions, group homes, boot camps, and shock programs Selected issues in juvenile justice, including drug abuse, juvenile sex offenders, and youth gangs The book cites actual court cases to demonstrate concepts, provides review questions at the end of each chapter, and includes a glossary of relevant terms. A concise and practical text on juvenile justice, this volume facilitates understanding of this complex and critical subject.
Juvenile Crime Juvenile Justice
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Author : Institute of Medicine
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2001-06-05
Juvenile Crime Juvenile Justice written by Institute of Medicine and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001-06-05 with Law categories.
Even though youth crime rates have fallen since the mid-1990s, public fear and political rhetoric over the issue have heightened. The Columbine shootings and other sensational incidents add to the furor. Often overlooked are the underlying problems of child poverty, social disadvantage, and the pitfalls inherent to adolescent decisionmaking that contribute to youth crime. From a policy standpoint, adolescent offenders are caught in the crossfire between nurturance of youth and punishment of criminals, between rehabilitation and "get tough" pronouncements. In the midst of this emotional debate, the National Research Council's Panel on Juvenile Crime steps forward with an authoritative review of the best available data and analysis. Juvenile Crime, Juvenile Justice presents recommendations for addressing the many aspects of America's youth crime problem. This timely release discusses patterns and trends in crimes by children and adolescentsâ€"trends revealed by arrest data, victim reports, and other sources; youth crime within general crime; and race and sex disparities. The book explores desistanceâ€"the probability that delinquency or criminal activities decrease with ageâ€"and evaluates different approaches to predicting future crime rates. Why do young people turn to delinquency? Juvenile Crime, Juvenile Justice presents what we know and what we urgently need to find out about contributing factors, ranging from prenatal care, differences in temperament, and family influences to the role of peer relationships, the impact of the school policies toward delinquency, and the broader influences of the neighborhood and community. Equally important, this book examines a range of solutions: Prevention and intervention efforts directed to individuals, peer groups, and families, as well as day care-, school- and community-based initiatives. Intervention within the juvenile justice system. Role of the police. Processing and detention of youth offenders. Transferring youths to the adult judicial system. Residential placement of juveniles. The book includes background on the American juvenile court system, useful comparisons with the juvenile justice systems of other nations, and other important information for assessing this problem.
Juveniles Prosecuted In State Criminal Courts
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Author : Carol J. DeFrances
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1997
Juveniles Prosecuted In State Criminal Courts written by Carol J. DeFrances and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997 with Criminal statistics categories.
The Changing Borders Of Juvenile Justice
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Author : Jeffrey Fagan
language : en
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Release Date : 2000-09
The Changing Borders Of Juvenile Justice written by Jeffrey Fagan and has been published by University of Chicago Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000-09 with Family & Relationships categories.
Since the 1960s, recurring cycles of political activism over youth crime have motivated efforts to remove adolescents from the juvenile court. Periodic surges of crime—youth violence in the 1970s, the spread of gangs in the 1980s, and more recently, epidemic gun violence and drug-related crime—have spurred laws and policies aimed at narrowing the reach of the juvenile court. Despite declining juvenile crime rates, every state in the country has increased the number of youths tried and punished as adults. Research in this area has not kept pace with these legislative developments. There has never been a detailed, sociolegal analytic book devoted to this topic. In this important collection, researchers discuss policy, substantive procedural and empirical dimensions of waivers, and where the boundaries of the courts lie. Part 1 provides an overview of the origins and development of law and contemporary policy on the jurisdiction of adolescents. Part 2 examines the effects of jurisdictional shifts. Part 3 offers valuable insight into the developmental and psychological aspects of current and future reforms. Contributors: Donna Bishop, Richard Bonnie, M. A. Bortner, Elizabeth Cauffman, Linda Frost Clausel, Robert O. Dawson, Jeffrey Fagan, Barry Feld, Charles Frazier, Thomas Grisso, Darnell Hawkins, James C. Howell, Akiva Liberman, Richard Redding, Simon Singer, Laurence Steinberg, David Tanenhaus, Marjorie Zatz, and Franklin E. Zimring
Judging Juveniles
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Author : Aaron Kupchik
language : en
Publisher: NYU Press
Release Date : 2006-11-20
Judging Juveniles written by Aaron Kupchik and has been published by NYU Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-11-20 with Social Science categories.
2007 Ruth Shonle Cavan Young Scholar Award presented by the American Society of Criminology 2007 American Society of Criminology Michael J. Hindelang Award for the Most Outstanding Contribution to Research in Criminology By comparing how adolescents are prosecuted and punished in juvenile and criminal (adult) courts, Aaron Kupchik finds that prosecuting adolescents in criminal court does not fit with our cultural understandings of youthfulness. As a result, adolescents who are transferred to criminal courts are still judged as juveniles. Ultimately, Kupchik makes a compelling argument for the suitability of juvenile courts in treating adolescents. Judging Juveniles suggests that justice would be better served if adolescents were handled by the system designed to address their special needs.
International Handbook Of Juvenile Justice
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Author : Josine Junger-Tas
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2010-06-28
International Handbook Of Juvenile Justice written by Josine Junger-Tas and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-06-28 with Social Science categories.
This comprehensive reference work presents inside information on the Juvenile Justice-systems in 19 different countries, both in old and new EU-member states and in the United States and Canada. The book is the result of research conducted by a group of outstanding researchers, who are concerned about trends in Juvenile Justice in the last two decades, which blur the border between criminal and juvenile justice.
Reforming Juvenile Justice
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2013-05-22
Reforming Juvenile Justice written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-05-22 with Law categories.
Adolescence is a distinct, yet transient, period of development between childhood and adulthood characterized by increased experimentation and risk-taking, a tendency to discount long-term consequences, and heightened sensitivity to peers and other social influences. A key function of adolescence is developing an integrated sense of self, including individualization, separation from parents, and personal identity. Experimentation and novelty-seeking behavior, such as alcohol and drug use, unsafe sex, and reckless driving, are thought to serve a number of adaptive functions despite their risks. Research indicates that for most youth, the period of risky experimentation does not extend beyond adolescence, ceasing as identity becomes settled with maturity. Much adolescent involvement in criminal activity is part of the normal developmental process of identity formation and most adolescents will mature out of these tendencies. Evidence of significant changes in brain structure and function during adolescence strongly suggests that these cognitive tendencies characteristic of adolescents are associated with biological immaturity of the brain and with an imbalance among developing brain systems. This imbalance model implies dual systems: one involved in cognitive and behavioral control and one involved in socio-emotional processes. Accordingly adolescents lack mature capacity for self-regulations because the brain system that influences pleasure-seeking and emotional reactivity develops more rapidly than the brain system that supports self-control. This knowledge of adolescent development has underscored important differences between adults and adolescents with direct bearing on the design and operation of the justice system, raising doubts about the core assumptions driving the criminalization of juvenile justice policy in the late decades of the 20th century. It was in this context that the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) asked the National Research Council to convene a committee to conduct a study of juvenile justice reform. The goal of Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach was to review recent advances in behavioral and neuroscience research and draw out the implications of this knowledge for juvenile justice reform, to assess the new generation of reform activities occurring in the United States, and to assess the performance of OJJDP in carrying out its statutory mission as well as its potential role in supporting scientifically based reform efforts.
The Transferring Of America S Youth
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Author : Sheri Jenkins Keenan
language : en
Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield
Release Date : 2021-09-23
The Transferring Of America S Youth written by Sheri Jenkins Keenan and has been published by Rowman & Littlefield this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-09-23 with Social Science categories.
A separate juvenile justice system was established in the United States in 1899 with a goal of diverting juvenile offenders from the harsh punishments of the adult criminal court, and encouraging rehabilitation based on the individual needs of the offender. This new juvenile court was set up as a civil or chancery court with informal proceedings and discretion left to the juvenile court judge. Furthermore, juvenile court proceedings were closed to the public and juvenile records were to remain confidential. However, as the decades progressed juveniles became increasingly involved in more serious crimes. This generated a growing fear among lawmakers, educators, and the public which resulted in a number of “get tough” policies and strategies. By the 1990s the most popular approach in dealing with violent juvenile crime was for states to make it easier or to require the prosecution of juveniles as adults in criminal court. Research demonstrates that such policies may be counter-productive, increase rather than decrease recidivism, and cause harm to offenders, their families, and the community. This volume provides a comprehensive historical review of knowledge surrounding the transfer of American’s youth from the rehabilitative, individualized treatment of the juvenile justice system to the adult criminal justice system.