Kinetics Of Ordering And Growth At Surfaces
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Kinetics Of Ordering And Growth At Surfaces
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Author : Max G. Lagally
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Kinetics Of Ordering And Growth At Surfaces written by Max G. Lagally and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.
This volume contains the papers presented at the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on "Kinetics of Ordering and Growth at Surfaces", held in Acquafredda di Maratea, Italy, September 18-22, 1989. The workshop's goal was to bring together theorists and experimentalists from two related fields, surface science and thin-film growth, to highlight their common interests and overcome a lack of communication between these two communities. Typically surface scientists are only concerned with the microscopic (atomic) description of solids within one monolayer of the surface. Thin-film growers are usually considered more empirical in their approach, concerned primarily with the "quality of their product", and have not necessarily found it useful to incorporate surface science understanding into their art. This workshop aimed to counter at least in some measure these stereotypes. Its focus was on generating dialogue on the fundamental structural and kinetic processes that lead to the initial stages of film growth, from both the surface science and crystal growth perspectives. To achieve this, alternate days emphasized the view of surface science and thin-film growth, with considerable time for discussion, a format that appeared to succeed well. The success of the workshop is in large measure due to the efforts of the organizing committee, L. C. Feldman, P. K. Larsen, J. A. Venables, and J. Villain, whose advice on the constitution of the program was invaluable.
Kinetics Of Phase Transitions
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Author : Sanjay Puri
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2009-03-24
Kinetics Of Phase Transitions written by Sanjay Puri and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-03-24 with Science categories.
Providing a comprehensive introduction with the necessary background material to make it accessible for a wide scientific audience, Kinetics of Phase Transitions discusses developments in domain-growth kinetics. This book combines pedagogical chapters from leading experts in this area and focuses on incorporating various experimentally releva
Dynamics Of Ordering Processes In Condensed Matter
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Author : S. Komura
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Dynamics Of Ordering Processes In Condensed Matter written by S. Komura and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.
The International Symposium on Dynamics of Ordering Processes in Condensed Matter was held at the Kansai Seminar House, Kyoto, for four days, from 27 to 30 August 1987, under the auspices of the Physical Soci ety of Japan. The symposium was financially supported by the four orga nizations and 45 companies listed on other pages in this volume. We are very grateful to all of them and particularly to the greatest sponsor, the Commemorative Association for the Japan World Exposition 1970. A total Df 22 invited lectures and 48 poster presentations were given and 110 participants attended from seven nations. An objective of the Symposium was to review and extend our present understanding of the dynamics of ordering processes in condensed matters, (for example, alloys, polymers and fluids), that are brought to an un stable state by sudden change of such external parameters as temperature and pressure. A second objective, no less important, was to identify new fields of science that might be investigated by similar, but sometimes more sophisticated, concepts and tactics. An emphasis was laid on those universal aspects of the laws governing the ordering processes which transcended the detailed differences among the substances used. The 71 lectures reproduced in this volume bear witness to the success of the Symposium in meeting amply the first objective and, to a lesser extent, the second.
Phase Transitions And Adsorbate Restructuring At Metal Surface
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Author : D.A. King
language : en
Publisher: Newnes
Release Date : 2012-12-02
Phase Transitions And Adsorbate Restructuring At Metal Surface written by D.A. King and has been published by Newnes this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-02 with Science categories.
The objective in initiating this series in 1980 was to provide an in-depth review of advances made in the understanding key aspects of surface chemistry and physics through the application of new techniques to the study of well-defined surfaces. Since then the field of surface science has greatly matured, and further important techniques, particularly scanning probe microscopies, have been successfully assimilated into the applications armoury of the surface scientist.The present volume is a series of timely reviews by many of the current experts in the field of phase transitions and adsorbate-induced surface restructuring. No aspect of the science of solid surfaces can be fully understood without accounting for the structural diversity of surfaces, now revealed in atomic detail by techniques based on diffraction and scanning probe microscopies. For example, it is now clear to those working in heterogeneous catalysis that adsorbate-induced restructuring of surfaces can play a critical role in phenomena such as bistability, kinetic oscillations, and promotion and poisoning. Structural transitions at surfaces can also play a key role in determining the electronic properties of surfaces, reviewed in volume 5.
The Time Domain In Surface And Structural Dynamics
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Author : G.J Long
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
The Time Domain In Surface And Structural Dynamics written by G.J Long and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.
About two years ago, while studying the dynamic properties of Fe (CO)IJ ,we realized that there 3 was virtually no single source of infonnation on the structural dynamics of materials. The time domain of different dynamic structural processes covers many orders of magnitude and may be in vestigated by numerous, vastly different, experimental techniques. Indeed, the subject seemed ap propriate for a NATO Advanced Study Institute at which we could bring together chemists, physicists, metallurgists, and bioscientists using the various techniques for the study of sundry time sensitive materials. The actual Advanced Study Institute, which met in II Ciocco, Italy, from 14 to 26 June 1987, was, in fact, a dynamic experience for those of us involved. Now we have come to the final phase, the communication of the results of this Advanced Study Institute to the general scientific community. In so doing, we hope to provide in one place a convenient source of infor mation on dynamics at the surface and within a solid state material. The beautiful mountainous setting of Tuscany and especially the idyllic surroundings of II Ciocco provided an ideal venue for the Advanced Study Institute. Our field trip to Pisa linked our topic to the history of time measurement through a visit to the Pisa cathedral where, presumably, Galileo first conceived the isochronism of the simple pendulum and its use in time measurement.
Nanofabrication Using Focused Ion And Electron Beams
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Author : Ivo Utke
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2012-03-05
Nanofabrication Using Focused Ion And Electron Beams written by Ivo Utke and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-03-05 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Nanofabrication Using Focused Ion and Electron Beams presents fundamentals of the interaction of focused ion and electron beams (FIB/FEB) with surfaces, as well as numerous applications of these techniques for nanofabrication involving different materials and devices. The book begins by describing the historical evolution of FIB and FEB systems, applied first for micro- and more recently for nanofabrication and prototyping, practical solutions available in the market for different applications, and current trends in development of tools and their integration in a fast growing field of nanofabrication and nanocharacterization. Limitations of the FIB/FEB techniques, especially important when nanoscale resolution is considered, as well as possible ways to overcome the experimental difficulties in creating new nanodevices and improving resolution of processing, are outlined. Chapters include tutorials describing fundamental aspects of the interaction of beams (FIB/FEB) with surfaces, nanostructures and adsorbed molecules; electron and ion beam chemistries; basic theory, design and configuration of equipment; simulations of processes; basic solutions for nanoprototyping. Emerging technologies as processing by cluster beams are also discussed. In addition, the book considers numerous applications of these techniques (milling, etching, deposition) for nanolithography, nanofabrication and characterization, involving different nanostructured materials and devices. Its main focus is on practical details of using focused ion and electron beams with gas assistance (deposition and etching) and without gas assistance (milling/cutting) for fabrication of devices from the fields of nanoelectronics, nanophotonics, nanomagnetics, functionalized scanning probe tips, nanosensors and other types of NEMS (nanoelectromechanical systems). Special attention is given to strategies designed to overcome limitations of the techniques (e.g., due to damaging produced by energetic ions interacting with matter), particularly those involving multi-step processes and multi-layer materials. Through its thorough demonstration of fundamental concepts and its presentation of a wide range of technologies developed for specific applications, this volume is ideal for researches from many different disciplines, as well as engineers and professors in nanotechnology and nanoscience.
Organometallic Vapor Phase Epitaxy
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Author : Gerald B. Stringfellow
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 1999-03-04
Organometallic Vapor Phase Epitaxy written by Gerald B. Stringfellow and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999-03-04 with Science categories.
Organometallic Vapor-Phase Epitaxy describes the operation of a particular technique for the production of compound semiconductor materials. It describes how the technique works, how it can be used for the growth of particular materials and structures, and the application of these materials for specific devices. It contains not only a fundamental description of the operation of the technique but also contains lists of data useful for the everyday operation of OMVPE reactors. It also offers specific recipes that can be used to produce a wide range of specific materials, structures, and devices. - Updated with new emphasis on the semiconducting nitride materials—GaN and its alloys with In and Al - Emphasizes the newly understood aspects of surface processes - Contains a new chapter, as well as several new sections in chapters on thermodynamics and kinetics
Collective Diffusion On Surfaces Correlation Effects And Adatom Interactions
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Author : M.C. Tringides
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Collective Diffusion On Surfaces Correlation Effects And Adatom Interactions written by M.C. Tringides and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.
As materials research focuses into finding ways to control the growth of atomic scale structures, there is correspondingly increasing emphasis on to the problem of surface diffusion. Clearly surface diffusion is the key process, which determines how atoms move on the surface. Controlling this motion can lead to the easy fabrication of well-controlled nanostructures broadening the present possibilities in nanotechnology. The paradigm of surface diffusion has outgrown its standard textbook description as a random walk on a rigid substrate. In real systems for more complex situations are encountered: interacting atoms are commonly present on the surface with their motions highly correlated, different phases form on the surface with different dynamics, large concentration gradients drive the system far away from the linear response regime, rich metastable structures form as a result of balanced interplay between different kinetic processes, substrate relaxation can change the energy landscape and the diffusion barriers, etc. The motivation behind this ARW was to bring together the international community working on these problems. We felt that the large number of researchers, new results, and well-formulated open questions in this area require some form of integration in a single forum. The ARW and the upcoming proceedings book with papers by the majority of the participants has provided this forum. The meeting was not planned as a continuation of the earlier NATO ASI in Rhodes in 1996, although several people have participated in both meetings.
Kinetic Processes
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Author : Kenneth A. Jackson
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2006-03-06
Kinetic Processes written by Kenneth A. Jackson and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-03-06 with Technology & Engineering categories.
The formation of solids is governed by kinetic processes, which are closely related to the macroscopic behaviour of the resulting materials. With the main focus on ease of understanding, the author begins with the basic processes at the atomic level to illustrate their connections to material properties. Diffusion processes during crystal growth and phase transformations are examined in detail. Since the underlying mathematics are very complex, approximation methods typically used in practice are the prime choice of approach. Apart from metals and alloys, the book places special emphasis on the growth of thin films and bulk crystals, which are the two main pillars of modern device and semiconductor technology. All the presented phenomena are tied back to the basic thermodynamic properties of the materials and to the underlying physical processes for clarity.
Crystallization Of Organic Compounds
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Author : Hsien-Hsin Tung
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2009-06-17
Crystallization Of Organic Compounds written by Hsien-Hsin Tung and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-06-17 with Science categories.
Filled with industrial examples emphasizing the practical applications of crystallization methodologies Based on the authors' hands-on experiences as process engineers at Merck, Crystallization of Organic Compounds guides readers through the practical aspects of crystallization. It uses plenty of case studies and examples of crystallization processes, ranging from development through manufacturing scale-up. The book not only emphasizes strategies that have been proven successful, it also helps readers avoid common pitfalls that can render standard procedures unsuccessful. The goal of this text is twofold: Build a deeper understanding of the fundamental properties of crystallization as well as the impact of these properties on crystallization process development. Improve readers' problem-solving abilities by using actual industrial examples with real process constraints. Crystallization of Organic Compounds begins with detailed discussions of fundamental thermodynamic properties, nucleation and crystal growth kinetics, process dynamics, and scale-up considerations. Next, it investigates modes of operation, including cooling, evaporation, anti-solvent, and reactive crystallization. The authors conclude with special applications such as ultrasound in crystallization and computational fluid dynamics in crystallization. Most chapters feature multiple examples that guide readers step by step through the crystallization of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). With its focus on industrial applications, this book is recommended for chemical engineers and chemists who are involved with the development, scale-up, or operation of crystallization processes in the pharmaceutical and fine chemical industries.