Knowledge Alchemy
DOWNLOAD
Download Knowledge Alchemy PDF/ePub or read online books in Mobi eBooks. Click Download or Read Online button to get Knowledge Alchemy book now. This website allows unlimited access to, at the time of writing, more than 1.5 million titles, including hundreds of thousands of titles in various foreign languages. If the content not found or just blank you must refresh this page
Knowledge Alchemy
DOWNLOAD
Author : Tero Erkkilä
language : en
Publisher: Policy Press
Release Date : 2023-05-31
Knowledge Alchemy written by Tero Erkkilä and has been published by Policy Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-05-31 with Political Science categories.
Introducing the concept of 'knowledge alchemy' as the formulation of global standards through the use of indicators and algorithms, this book explores how the concept increasingly informs national and institutional policies and practices.
Distilling Knowledge
DOWNLOAD
Author : Bruce T. MORAN
language : en
Publisher: Harvard University Press
Release Date : 2009-06-30
Distilling Knowledge written by Bruce T. MORAN and has been published by Harvard University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-06-30 with Science categories.
Reacting to the perception that the break, early on in the scientific revolution, between alchemy and chemistry was clean and abrupt, Moran literately and engagingly recaps what was actually a slow process. Far from being the superstitious amalgam it is now considered, alchemy was genuine science before and during the scientific revolution. The distinctive alchemical procedure--distillation--became the fundamental method of analytical chemistry, and the alchemical goal of transmuting "base metals" into gold and silver led to the understanding of compounds and elements. What alchemy very gradually but finally lost in giving way to chemistry was its spiritual or religious aspect, the linkages it discerned between purely physical and psychological properties. Drawing saliently from the most influential alchemical and scientific texts of the medieval to modern epoch (especially the turbulent and eventful seventeenth century), Moran fashions a model short history of science volume
Knowledge And Cosmos
DOWNLOAD
Author : Robert K. DeKosky
language : en
Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield
Release Date : 2023-10-10
Knowledge And Cosmos written by Robert K. DeKosky and has been published by Rowman & Littlefield this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-10-10 with Philosophy categories.
In Knowledge and Cosmos: Development and Decline of the Medieval Perspective, 2nd Edition, Robert K. DeKosky focuses on issues in astronomy, cosmology, physics, matter theory, philosophy, and theology vital to the “Copernican Revolution.” This book describes efforts among individuals advocating different world views to fit new ideas compatibly into broad perspectives reflecting four traditional patterns of interpretation: teleological, mechanical, occultist, and mathematico-descriptive. These four modes had guided medieval accounts of heavenly phenomena, material process, and motion. The teleological explanation, prevalent in Aristotle’s natural philosophy, posited “final causes” (ends or goals toward which objects strove or attempted to become). Ancient classical atomists had emphasized strictly mechanical explanations, invoking direct material contact and collision of moving matter as agents of physical change. Traditions of astrology, magic, and alchemy embraced an occultist pattern of interpretation—citing hidden forces opaque to both sensual detection and rational understanding as explanations of various phenomena. Finally, the mathematico-descriptive approach interpreted natural phenomena according to geometric or arithmetic relationships; unlike the other three, this did not involve causal explanation of a process. Part I discusses development of the four patterns in the ancient period and their uneasy medieval relationships with each other and with basic Judaeo-Muslim-Christian exigencies of faith. Theory of the heavens follows, including the mathematico-descriptive approach of Ptolemaic astronomy, the teleological and mechanical cosmology of Aristotle, and occultist interpretations of astrologers and magicians. Part I then turns to matter and materiality, discussing differences among the mechanical philosophy of classical atomism, teleological emphases in Aristotle’s material theory, and occultist assumptions of some alchemists. Finally, Part I analyzes conceptions of motion, focusing on Aristotelian interpretations and critical commentaries thereon during the Middle Ages. Part II relates struggles of leading early-modern figures to adapt new concepts (e.g., Copernicus’ heliocentric astronomy/cosmology, Galileo’s inertial theories of motion, and Kepler’s elliptical planetary orbit) to an allegiance to two or more of the four patterns of interpretation. By this approach, it identifies decreasing dependence on teleological explanation of physical phenomena as crucial to decline of medieval interpretations of those phenomena, followed by rejection of teleology in the natural philosophy of Descartes, and subsequent fruitful confluence of the mechanical, mathematico-descriptive, and occultist patterns in the physics and cosmology of Isaac Newton.
Forbidden Knowledge
DOWNLOAD
Author : Hannah Marcus
language : en
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Release Date : 2020-09-25
Forbidden Knowledge written by Hannah Marcus and has been published by University of Chicago Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-09-25 with Science categories.
“Wonderful . . . offers and provokes meditation on the timeless nature of censorship, its practices, its intentions and . . . its (unintended) outcomes.” —Times Higher Education Forbidden Knowledge explores the censorship of medical books from their proliferation in print through the prohibitions placed on them during the Counter-Reformation. How and why did books banned in Italy in the sixteenth century end up back on library shelves in the seventeenth? Historian Hannah Marcus uncovers how early modern physicians evaluated the utility of banned books and facilitated their continued circulation in conversation with Catholic authorities. Through extensive archival research, Marcus highlights how talk of scientific utility, once thought to have begun during the Scientific Revolution, in fact began earlier, emerging from ecclesiastical censorship and the desire to continue to use banned medical books. What’s more, this censorship in medicine, which preceded the Copernican debate in astronomy by sixty years, has had a lasting impact on how we talk about new and controversial developments in scientific knowledge. Beautiful illustrations accompany this masterful, timely book about the interplay between efforts at intellectual control and the utility of knowledge. “Marcus deftly explains the various contradictions that shaped the interactions between Catholic authorities and the medical and scientific communities of early modern Italy, showing how these dynamics defined the role of outside expertise in creating 'Catholic Knowledge' for centuries to come.” —Annals of Science “An important study that all scholars and advanced students of early modern Europe will want to read, especially those interested in early modern medicine, religion, and the history of the book. . . . Highly recommended.” —Choice
Chambers Encyclopaedia A Dictionary Of Universal Knowledge
DOWNLOAD
Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1891
Chambers Encyclopaedia A Dictionary Of Universal Knowledge written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1891 with categories.
Selforganization
DOWNLOAD
Author : W. Krohn
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-03-09
Selforganization written by W. Krohn and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-03-09 with Social Science categories.
may be complex without being able to be replaced by something »still more simple«. This became evident with the help of computer models of deterministic-recursive systems in which simple mathematical equation systems provide an extremely complex behavior. (2) Irregularity of nature is not treated as an anomaly but becomes the focus of research and thus is declared to be normal. One looks for regularity within irregularity. Non-equilibrium processes are recognized as the source of order and the search for equilibrium is replaced by the search for the dynamics of processes. (3) The classical system-environment model, according to which the adaptation of a system to its environment is controlled externally and according to which the adaptation of the system occurs in the course of a learning process, is replaced by a model of systemic closure. This closure is operational in so far as the effects produced by the system are the causes for the maintenance of systemic organization. If there is sufficient complexity, the systems perform internal self-observation and exert self-control (»Cognition« as understood by Maturana as self-perception and self-limitation, e. g. , that of a cell vis-a. -vis its environment). 22 But any information a system provides on its environment is a system-internal construct. The »reference to the other« is merely a special case of »self-reference«. The social sciences frequently have suffered from the careless way in which scientific ideas and models have been transferred.
The Crisis From Within Historians Theory And The Humanities
DOWNLOAD
Author : Nigel Raab
language : en
Publisher: BRILL
Release Date : 2015-05-19
The Crisis From Within Historians Theory And The Humanities written by Nigel Raab and has been published by BRILL this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-05-19 with History categories.
In The Crisis from Within, Nigel Raab explores weaknesses that emerge when using interdisciplinary theories in historical analysis. With chapters that focus on knowledge, language, memory, imagining and inventing, and civil society, the analysis reveals how theoretical applications can be the source of interpretive confusion. By drawing from a global range of historical works, Nigel Raab demonstrates how this problem concerns all historical sub-fields. From science in the seventeenth century to communism in the twentieth century, theories often overdetermine analysis in a way the historian never intended. After the enthusiastic reception of theory for over a generation, The Crisis from Within argues that the time has come to pause and think seriously about how we wish to proceed with theory.
Library Of Universal Knowledge
DOWNLOAD
Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1880
Library Of Universal Knowledge written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1880 with Encyclopedias categories.
The Classical Tradition
DOWNLOAD
Author : Anthony Grafton
language : en
Publisher: Harvard University Press
Release Date : 2010-10-25
The Classical Tradition written by Anthony Grafton and has been published by Harvard University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-10-25 with History categories.
"A vast cabinet of curiosities."-Stephen Greenblatt "Eclectic rather than exhaustive, less an encyclopedia than a buffet."-Frederic Raphael, Literary Review How do we get from the polis to the police? Or from Odysseus's sirens to those of an ambulance? The legacy of ancient Greece and Rome is all around us, imitated, resisted, reworked, and misunderstood. In this beautifully illustrated and encyclopedic compendium, a team of leading scholars investigates the afterlife of this rich heritage in the fields of literature, philosophy, art, architecture, history, politics, religion, and science. From Academy to Zoology, Aristotle and the Argonauts to Pegasus and Persia, The Classical Tradition looks at facts and adages, people, places, and ideas to reveal how the Classical tradition has shaped human endeavors from government to medicine, drama to urban planning, legal theory to popular culture. At once authoritative and accessible, learned and entertaining, it illuminates the vitality of these enduring influences.
The American Cylopedia A Popular Dictionary Of General Knowledge
DOWNLOAD
Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1873
The American Cylopedia A Popular Dictionary Of General Knowledge written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1873 with categories.