Knowledge And Evidence
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Knowledge And Evidence
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Author : Paul K. Moser
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 1989
Knowledge And Evidence written by Paul K. Moser and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1989 with Philosophy categories.
Philosophers have sought to define knowledge since the time of Plato. This inquiry outlines a theory of rational belief by challenging prominent skeptical claims that we have no justified beliefs about the external world.
Knowledge To Action Evidence Based Health Care In Context
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Author : Sue Dopson
language : en
Publisher: OUP Oxford
Release Date : 2005-05-12
Knowledge To Action Evidence Based Health Care In Context written by Sue Dopson and has been published by OUP Oxford this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-05-12 with Business & Economics categories.
Health services can and should be improved by applying research findings about best practice. Yet, in Knolwedge to Action?, the authors explore why it nevertheless proves notoriously difficult to implement change based on research evidence in the face of strong professional views and complex organizational structures.The book draws on a large body of evidence acquired in the course of nearly fifty in-depth case studies, following attempts to introduce evidence-based practice in the UK NHS over more than a decade. Using qualitative methods to study hospital and primary care settings, they are able to shed light on why some of these attempts succeeded where others faltered. By opening up the intricacies and complexities of change in the NHS, they reveal the limitations of the simplistic approaches toimplementing research or introducing evidence-based health care.A unique synthesis of evidence, the book brings together data from 1,400 interviews with doctors, nurses, and managers, as well as detailed observations and documentary analysis. The authors provide an analysis, rooted in a range of theoretical perspectives, that underlines the intimate links between organizational structures and cultures and the utilization of knowledge, and draws conclusions which will be of significance for other areas of public management. Their findings have implicationsfor the utlization of knowledge in situations where there is a professional tradition working within a politically sensitive blend of public service, managerial accountability, and technical expertise.Knowledge to Action? will be of interest to Academics, Researchers, and Advanced Students of Organizational Behaviour, Public and Health Management, and Evidence-Based Medicine; and also of particular interest to Practitioners, Clinicians, and Public Health Managers concerned with implementing change to clinical practice.
Tracking Truth
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Author : Sherrilyn Roush
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2005-11-10
Tracking Truth written by Sherrilyn Roush and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-11-10 with Philosophy categories.
Tracking Truth presents a unified treatment of knowledge, evidence, and epistemological realism and anti-realism about scientific theories. A wide range of knowledge-related phenomena, especially but not only in science, strongly favour the idea of tracking as the key to what makes something knowledge. A subject who tracks the truth - an idea first formulated by Robert Nozick - has the ability to follow the truth through time and changing circumstances. Epistemologistsrightly concluded that Nozick's theory was not viable, but a simple revision of that view is not only viable but superior to other current views. In this new tracking account of knowledge, in contrast to the old view, knowledge has the property of closure under known implication, and troublesome counterfactualsare replaced with well-defined conditional probability statements. Of particular interest are the new view's treatment of skepticism, reflective knowledge, lottery propositions, knowledge of logical truth, and the question why knowledge is power in the Baconian sense.Ideally, evidence indicates a hypothesis and discriminates it from other possible hypotheses. This is the idea behind a tracking view of evidence, and Sherrilyn Roush provides a defence of a confirmation theory based on the Likelihood Ratio. The accounts of knowledge and evidence she offers provide a deep and seamless explanation of why having better evidence makes one more likely to have knowledge. Roush approaches the question of epistemological realism about scientific theories through thequestion what is required for evidence, and rejects both traditional realist and traditional anti-realist positions in favour of a new position which evaluates realist claims in a piecemeal fashion according to a general standard of evidence. The results show that while anti-realists were immodest indeclaring a priori what science could not do, realists were excessively sanguine about how far our actual evidence has so far taken us.
Knowledge Translation In Health Care
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Author : Sharon E. Straus
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2011-08-24
Knowledge Translation In Health Care written by Sharon E. Straus and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-08-24 with Medical categories.
Health care systems worldwide are faced with the challenge of improving the quality of care. Providing evidence from health research is necessary but not sufficient for the provision of optimal care and so knowledge translation (KT), the scientific study of methods for closing the knowledge-to-action gap and of the barriers and facilitators inherent in the process, is gaining significance. Knowledge Translation in Health Care explains how to use research findings to improve health care in real life, everyday situations. The authors define and describe knowledge translation, and outline strategies for successful knowledge translation in practice and policy making. The book is full of examples of how knowledge translation models work in closing the gap between evidence and action. Written by a team of authors closely involved in the development of knowledge translation this unique book aims to extend understanding and implementation worldwide. It is an introductory guide to an emerging hot topic in evidence-based care and essential for health policy makers, researchers, managers, clinicians and trainees.
Fallibilism
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Author : Jessica Anne Brown
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2018
Fallibilism written by Jessica Anne Brown and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with Philosophy categories.
What strength of evidence is required for knowledge? Ordinarily, we often claim to know something on the basis of evidence which doesn't guarantee its truth. For instance, one might claim to know that one sees a crow on the basis of visual experience even though having that experience does not guarantee that there is a crow (it might be a rook, or one might be dreaming). As a result, those wanting to avoid philosophical scepticism have standardly embraced "fallibilism": one can know a proposition on the basis of evidence that supports it even if the evidence doesn't guarantee its truth. Despite this, there's been a persistent temptation to endorse "infallibilism", according to which knowledge requires evidence that guarantees truth. For doesn't it sound contradictory to simultaneously claim to know and admit the possibility of error? Infallibilism is undergoing a contemporary renaissance. Furthermore, recent infallibilists make the surprising claim that they can avoid scepticism. Jessica Brown presents a fresh examination of the debate between these two positions. She argues that infallibilists can avoid scepticism only at the cost of problematic commitments concerning evidence and evidential support. Further, she argues that alleged objections to fallibilism are not compelling. She concludes that we should be fallibilists. In doing so, she discusses the nature of evidence, evidential support, justification, blamelessness, closure for knowledge, defeat, epistemic akrasia, practical reasoning, concessive knowledge attributions, and the threshold problem.
Using Knowledge And Evidence In Health Care
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Author : François Champagne
language : en
Publisher: University of Toronto Press
Release Date : 2004-01-01
Using Knowledge And Evidence In Health Care written by François Champagne and has been published by University of Toronto Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-01-01 with Medical categories.
This collection of original essays seeks to broaden our understanding of the link between the structure and nature of knowledge and evidence and their role in health care decision-making.
Using Knowledge And Evidence In Health Care
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Author : François Champagne
language : en
Publisher: University of Toronto Press
Release Date : 2008-05-24
Using Knowledge And Evidence In Health Care written by François Champagne and has been published by University of Toronto Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-05-24 with Medical categories.
At the clinical, management, and policy levels, the use of knowledge and evidence in health care has become a worldwide priority. The contributors to Using Knowledge and Evidence in Health Care seek to broaden our understanding of the complexity involved in health care decision-making by integrating social science knowledge and exploring some of the challenges and limits of evidence in different health care contexts. Louise Lemieux-Charles and François Champagne have brought together an esteemed group of scholars to provide a conceptual framework that illustrates the factors critical to analysing and optimizing the use of knowledge and evidence. Previous studies have focused primarily on the medical literature without acknowledging the social sciences tradition. With its integration of works from political science, public policy, informatics, and other disciplines, Using Knowledge and Evidence in Health Care provides a bridge between both worlds. By bringing together different views on the topic, the volume goes beyond strict disciplinary boundaries to provide the fullest exploration of knowledge and evidence in health care.
Bodies As Evidence
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Author : Mark Maguire
language : en
Publisher: Duke University Press Books
Release Date : 2018-11-30
Bodies As Evidence written by Mark Maguire and has been published by Duke University Press Books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-11-30 with Social Science categories.
From biometrics to predictive policing, contemporary security relies on sophisticated scientific evidence-gathering and knowledge-making focused on the human body. Bringing together new anthropological perspectives on the complexities of security in the present moment, the contributors to Bodies as Evidence reveal how bodies have become critical sources of evidence that is organized and deployed to classify, recognize, and manage human life. Through global case studies that explore biometric identification, border control, forensics, predictive policing, and counterterrorism, the contributors show how security discourses and practices that target the body contribute to new configurations of knowledge and power. At the same time, margins of error, unreliable technologies, and a growing suspicion of scientific evidence in a “post-truth” era contribute to growing insecurity, especially among marginalized populations. Contributors. Carolina Alonso-Bejarano, Gregory Feldman, Francisco J. Ferrándiz, Daniel M. Goldstein, Ieva Jusionyte, Amade M’charek, Mark Maguire, Joseph P. Masco, Ursula Rao, Antonius C. G. M. Robben, Joseba Zulaika, Nils Zurawski
Fictions Of Knowledge
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Author : Y. Batsaki
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2011-11-15
Fictions Of Knowledge written by Y. Batsaki and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-11-15 with Fiction categories.
Locating literature at the intersection of distinct areas of thinking on the nature, scope and methods of knowledge - philosophy, theology, science, and the law - this book engages with literary texts across periods and genres to address questions of probability, problems of evidence, the uses of experiment and the poetics and ethics of doubt.
Practice Based Evidence For Healthcare
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Author : John Gabbay
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2010-11-19
Practice Based Evidence For Healthcare written by John Gabbay and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-11-19 with Medical categories.
This book challenges the evidence-based practice movement to re-think its assumptions. Firmly rooted in real practice while drawing lucidly on a great breadth of theoretical frameworks, it examines afresh how clinicians use knowledge. Evidence-based practice has recently become a key part of the training of all health professionals. Yet despite its ‘gold-standard’ status, it is faltering because too much effort has gone into insisting on an idealised model of how clinicians ought to use the best evidence, while not enough has been done to understand why they so often don’t. Practice-based Evidence for Healthcare is a groundbreaking attempt to redress that imbalance. Examining how clinicians actually develop and use clinical knowledge day-to-day, the authors conclude that they use ‘mindlines’– internalised, collectively reinforced, tacit guidelines. Mindlines embody the composite and flexible knowledge that clinicians need in practice. They are built up during training and continually updated from a wide range of formal and informal sources. Before new evidence becomes part of practitioners’ mindlines, it is transformed by their interactions with colleagues and patients via their communities of practice and networks of trusted colleagues. To explore how mindlines work Gabbay and le May draw on a wide range of disciplines to analyse their detailed observations of clinical practice in the UK and the US. Their conclusions and provocative recommendations will be of value to all practitioners, health service managers, policymakers, researchers, educators and students involved in the promotion of evidence-based practice.