Knowledge And Its Limits
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Knowledge And Its Limits
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Author : Timothy Williamson
language : en
Publisher: OUP UK
Release Date : 2002
Knowledge And Its Limits written by Timothy Williamson and has been published by OUP UK this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002 with Philosophy categories.
Knowledge and its Limits presents a systematic new conception of knowledge as a fundamental kind of mental state sensitive to the knower's environment. It makes a major contribution to the debate between externalist and internalist philosophies of mind, and breaks radically with the epistemological tradition of analysing knowledge in terms of true belief. The theory casts light on a wide variety of philosophical issues: the problem of scepticism, the nature of evidence, probability and assertion, the dispute between realism and anti-realism and the paradox of the surprise examination. Williamson relates the new conception to structural limits on knowledge which imply that what can be known never exhausts what is true. The arguments are illustrated by rigorous models based on epistemic logic and probability theory. The result is a new way of doing epistemology for the twenty-first century.
Human Knowledge Its Scope And Limits
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Author : Bertrand Russell
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 1948
Human Knowledge Its Scope And Limits written by Bertrand Russell and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1948 with History categories.
Russell's classic examination of the relation between individual experience and the general body of scientific knowledge. It is a rigorous examination of the problems of an empiricist epistemology.
Knowing Our Limits
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Author : Nathan Ballantyne
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019
Knowing Our Limits written by Nathan Ballantyne and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with Philosophy categories.
Epistemology and inquiry -- Regulative epistemology in the seventeenth century -- How do epistemic principles guide? -- How to know our limits -- Disagreement and debunking -- Counterfactual interlocutors -- Unpossessed evidence -- Epistemic trespassing -- Novices and expert disagreement -- Self-defeat? -- The end of inquiry.
Information And Interaction
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Author : Ian T. Durham
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-12-09
Information And Interaction written by Ian T. Durham and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-12-09 with Science categories.
In this essay collection, leading physicists, philosophers, and historians attempt to fill the empty theoretical ground in the foundations of information and address the related question of the limits to our knowledge of the world. Over recent decades, our practical approach to information and its exploitation has radically outpaced our theoretical understanding - to such a degree that reflection on the foundations may seem futile. But it is exactly fields such as quantum information, which are shifting the boundaries of the physically possible, that make a foundational understanding of information increasingly important. One of the recurring themes of the book is the claim by Eddington and Wheeler that information involves interaction and putting agents or observers centre stage. Thus, physical reality, in their view, is shaped by the questions we choose to put to it and is built up from the information residing at its core. This is the root of Wheeler’s famous phrase “it from bit.” After reading the stimulating essays collected in this volume, readers will be in a good position to decide whether they agree with this view.
The Limits Of Knowledge And The Limits Of Science
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Author : José Carlos Bermejo Barrera
language : en
Publisher: Univ Santiago de Compostela
Release Date : 2013-06-11
The Limits Of Knowledge And The Limits Of Science written by José Carlos Bermejo Barrera and has been published by Univ Santiago de Compostela this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-06-11 with Philosophy categories.
This is an essay on the possibility and limits of knowledge, in general, and scientific knowledge, in particular. In Chapter 1 the postulates of Kantian critical philosophy are broadened to make contact with modern cognitive theories; it is argued that all knowledge should be regarded as an exclusively human product rather than the work of a transcendental being. On this basis the fundamental question posed in this text concerns the limits of knowledge defined by the limitations of instruments of observation, classificationn and analysis, and the limitations of researchers as individuals and as scientific communities. In this last respect, it is argued that current systems for the production and dissemination of scientific knowledge, while making such knowledgem while making such knowledge possible, also favour its sterility. Two specific areas of science are analysed from these points of view: psychiatry and standard cosmology.
Suppose And Tell
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Author : Timothy Williamson
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020
Suppose And Tell written by Timothy Williamson and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with Philosophy categories.
What does 'if' mean? This book argues for a new approach to understanding conditionals, based on the idea that in assessing them we are guided by psychological heuristics, fast and frugal methods, mostly but not always reliable, although the user may have no advance warning from the inside of their fallibility. As a result, philosophers and linguists have been led astray in theorizing about conditionals, because they have taken erroneous judgements about examples as data; simple theories have been too quickly dismissed. The main heuristic involves making a supposition and exploring its consequences, often in the imagination. Although powerful, this methods can lead to paradoxes. A secondary heuristic is to accept heuristic are sometimes in tension. However, formal results help show why the simple 'material' semantics makes the best sense of the two heuristics, even though they generate apparent counter-examples to that semantics. The second half of the book presents a new theory of the meaning of counterfactuals about what would be if things were different; it is explained in terms of the separate meanings of 'if' and 'would'. This account is applied to the role of counterfactuals in thought experiments. Suppose and Tell: The Semantics and Heuristics of Conditionals analyses a wide variety of linguistic data, and discusses the cognitive value of conditionals in our lives, from everyday decision-making to mathematical proofs. Wider implications are drawn for the nature of meaning and its non-transparency to native speakers, vagueness in thought and language, and the need for semantics to attend to the unreliable heuristics underlying our judgements. Book jacket.
The End Of Science
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Author : John Horgan
language : en
Publisher: Basic Books
Release Date : 2015-04-14
The End Of Science written by John Horgan and has been published by Basic Books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-04-14 with Science categories.
As staff writer for Scientific American, John Horgan has a window on contemporary science unsurpassed in all the world. Who else routinely interviews the likes of Lynn Margulis, Roger Penrose, Francis Crick, Richard Dawkins, Freeman Dyson, Murray Gell-Mann, Stephen Jay Gould, Stephen Hawking, Thomas Kuhn, Chris Langton, Karl Popper, Stephen Weinberg, and E.O. Wilson, with the freedom to probe their innermost thoughts? In The End Of Science, Horgan displays his genius for getting these larger-than-life figures to be simply human, and scientists, he writes, "are rarely so human . . . so at there mercy of their fears and desires, as when they are confronting the limits of knowledge."This is the secret fear that Horgan pursues throughout this remarkable book: Have the big questions all been answered? Has all the knowledge worth pursuing become known? Will there be a final "theory of everything" that signals the end? Is the age of great discoverers behind us? Is science today reduced to mere puzzle solving and adding detains to existing theories? Horgan extracts surprisingly candid answers to there and other delicate questions as he discusses God, Star Trek, superstrings, quarks, plectics, consciousness, Neural Darwinism, Marx's view of progress, Kuhn's view of revolutions, cellular automata, robots, and the Omega Point, with Fred Hoyle, Noam Chomsky, John Wheeler, Clifford Geertz, and dozens of other eminent scholars. The resulting narrative will both infuriate and delight as it mindless Horgan's smart, contrarian argument for "endism" with a witty, thoughtful, even profound overview of the entire scientific enterprise. Scientists have always set themselves apart from other scholars in the belief that they do not construct the truth, they discover it. Their work is not interpretation but simple revelation of what exists in the empirical universe. But science itself keeps imposing limits on its own power. Special relativity prohibits the transmission of matter or information as speeds faster than that of light; quantum mechanics dictates uncertainty; and chaos theory confirms the impossibility of complete prediction. Meanwhile, the very idea of scientific rationality is under fire from Neo-Luddites, animal-rights activists, religious fundamentalists, and New Agers alike. As Horgan makes clear, perhaps the greatest threat to science may come from losing its special place in the hierarchy of disciplines, being reduced to something more akin to literaty criticism as more and more theoreticians engage in the theory twiddling he calls "ironic science." Still, while Horgan offers his critique, grounded in the thinking of the world's leading researchers, he offers homage too. If science is ending, he maintains, it is only because it has done its work so well.
Know Thyself
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Author : Mitchell S. Green
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2017-11-28
Know Thyself written by Mitchell S. Green and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-11-28 with Philosophy categories.
Know Thyself: The Value and Limits of Self-Knowledge takes the reader on tour of the nature, value, and limits of self-knowledge. Mitchell S. Green calls on classical sources like Plato and Descartes, 20th-century thinkers like Freud, recent developments in neuroscience and experimental psychology, and even Buddhist philosophy to explore topics at the heart of who we are. The result is an unvarnished look at both the achievements and drawbacks of the many attempts to better know one’s own self. Key topics in this volume include: Knowledge – what it means to know, the link between wisdom and knowledge, and the value of living an "examined life" Personal identity – questions of dualism (the idea that our mind is not only our brain), bodily continuity, and personhood The unconscious — including the kind posited by psychoanalysis as well as the form proposed by recent research on the so-called adaptive unconscious Free will – if we have it, and the recent arguments from neuroscience challenging it Self-misleading – the ways we willfully deceive ourselves, and how this relates to empathy, peer disagreement, implicit bias, and intellectual humility Experimental psychology – considerations on the automaticity of emotion and other cognitive processes, and how they shape us This book is designed to be used in conjunction with the free ‘Know Thyself’ MOOC (massive open online course) created through collaboration of the University of Connecticut's Project on Humility and Conviction in Public Life, and the University of Edinburgh’s Eidyn research centre, and hosted on the Coursera platform (https://www.coursera.org/learn/know-thyself). The book is also suitable as a text for interdisciplinary courses in the philosophy of mind or self-knowledge, and is highly recommended for anyone looking for a short overview of this fascinating topic.
The Outer Limits Of Reason
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Author : Noson S. Yanofsky
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2013-08-23
The Outer Limits Of Reason written by Noson S. Yanofsky and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-08-23 with Science categories.
This exploration of the scientific limits of knowledge challenges our deep-seated beliefs about our universe, our rationality, and ourselves. “A must-read for anyone studying information science.” —Publishers Weekly, starred review Many books explain what is known about the universe. This book investigates what cannot be known. Rather than exploring the amazing facts that science, mathematics, and reason have revealed to us, this work studies what science, mathematics, and reason tell us cannot be revealed. In The Outer Limits of Reason, Noson Yanofsky considers what cannot be predicted, described, or known, and what will never be understood. He discusses the limitations of computers, physics, logic, and our own intuitions about the world—including our ideas about space, time, and motion, and the complex relationship between the knower and the known. Yanofsky describes simple tasks that would take computers trillions of centuries to complete and other problems that computers can never solve: • perfectly formed English sentences that make no sense • different levels of infinity • the bizarre world of the quantum • the relevance of relativity theory • the causes of chaos theory • math problems that cannot be solved by normal means • statements that are true but cannot be proven Moving from the concrete to the abstract, from problems of everyday language to straightforward philosophical questions to the formalities of physics and mathematics, Yanofsky demonstrates a myriad of unsolvable problems and paradoxes. Exploring the various limitations of our knowledge, he shows that many of these limitations have a similar pattern and that by investigating these patterns, we can better understand the structure and limitations of reason itself. Yanofsky even attempts to look beyond the borders of reason to see what, if anything, is out there.
Unknowability
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Author : Nicholas Rescher
language : en
Publisher: Lexington Books
Release Date : 2009-01-01
Unknowability written by Nicholas Rescher and has been published by Lexington Books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-01-01 with Philosophy categories.
The realities of mankind's cognitive situation are such that our knowledge of the world's ways is bound to be imperfect. None the less, the theory of unknowability--agnoseology as some have called it--is a rather underdeveloped branch of philosophy. In this philosophically rich and groundbreaking work, Nicholas Rescher aims to remedy this. As the heart of the discussion is an examination of what Rescher identifies as the four prime reasons for the impracticability of cognitive access to certain facts about the world: developmental inpredictability, verificational surdity, ontological detail, and predicative vagrancy. Rescher provides a detailed and illuminating account of the role of each of these factors in limiting human knowledge, giving us an overall picture of the practical and theoretical limits to our capacity to know our world.