Land Surface Atmosphere Interactions For Climate Modeling
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Land Surface Atmosphere Interactions For Climate Modeling
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Author : E.F. Wood
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Land Surface Atmosphere Interactions For Climate Modeling written by E.F. Wood and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.
It is well known that the interactions between land surfaces and the atmosphere, and the resulting exchanges in water and energy have a tremendous affect on climate. The inadequate representation of land-atmosphere interactions is a major weakness in current climate models, and is providing the motivation for the HAPEX and ISLSCP experiments as well as the proposed Global Energy and Water Experiment (GEWEX) and the Earth Observing System (EOS) mission. The inadequate representation reflects the recognition that the well-known phys ical relationships, which are well described at small scales, result in different relationships when represented at the scales used in climate models. Understanding this transition in the mathematical relationships with increased space-time scales appears to be very difficult, and has led to different approaches; at one extreme, the famous "bucket" model where the land-surface is a simple one layer storage without vegetation; the other extreme may be Seller's Simple Biosphere Model (Sib) where one big leaf covers the climate model grid. Given the heterogeneous nature of landforms, soils and vegetation within a climate model grid, the development of new land surface parameterizations, and their verification through large scale experiments is perceived to be a challenging area of research for the hydrology and meteorology communities. This book evolved from a workshop held at Princeton University to explore the status of land surface parameterizations within climate models, and how observa tional data can be used to assess these parameterizations and improve models.
Land Surface Atmosphere Interactions For Climate Modeling
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Author : E. F. Wood
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1990-12-31
Land Surface Atmosphere Interactions For Climate Modeling written by E. F. Wood and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1990-12-31 with categories.
Passive Microwave Remote Sensing Of Land Atmosphere Interactions
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Author : 0 Pampaloni
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2023-05-31
Passive Microwave Remote Sensing Of Land Atmosphere Interactions written by 0 Pampaloni and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-05-31 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Recent advances in theory and observations using passive microwave remote sensing have hightlighted the potential of spaceborne sensors for contributing to the required land surface measurements of soils, vegetation, snow cover and precipitation. Furthermore, the spatial resolution of passive microwave observations matches the special scales of large-scale models of land-atmosphere interactions both for data assimilation and validation. In order to stimulate and focus this research a workshop, sponsored by ESA and NASA, was organized to review the state-of-the-art in microwave radiometry related to land applications and to exchange ideas leading into new directions for future research. This volume contains the refereed papers from the aforementioned ESA/NASA workshop, which are arranged by topic, as well as the (edited) working group reports.
Encyclopedia Of Biodiversity
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2013-02-05
Encyclopedia Of Biodiversity written by and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-02-05 with Nature categories.
The 7-volume Encyclopedia of Biodiversity, Second Edition maintains the reputation of the highly regarded original, presenting the most current information available in this globally crucial area of research and study. It brings together the dimensions of biodiversity and examines both the services it provides and the measures to protect it. Major themes of the work include the evolution of biodiversity, systems for classifying and defining biodiversity, ecological patterns and theories of biodiversity, and an assessment of contemporary patterns and trends in biodiversity. The science of biodiversity has become the science of our future. It is an interdisciplinary field spanning areas of both physical and life sciences. Our awareness of the loss of biodiversity has brought a long overdue appreciation of the magnitude of this loss and a determination to develop the tools to protect our future. Second edition includes over 100 new articles and 226 updated articles covering this multidisciplinary field— from evolution to habits to economics, in 7 volumes The editors of this edition are all well respected, instantly recognizable academics operating at the top of their respective fields in biodiversity research; readers can be assured that they are reading material that has been meticulously checked and reviewed by experts Approximately 1,800 figures and 350 tables complement the text, and more than 3,000 glossary entries explain key terms
Vegetation Water Humans And The Climate
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Author : Pavel Kabat
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Vegetation Water Humans And The Climate written by Pavel Kabat and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.
A state-of-the-art overview of the influence of terrestrial vegetation and soils within the Earth system. The text deals especially with interactions between the terrestrial biosphere and the atmosphere via the hydrological cycle and their interlinkage with anthropogenic activities. Measurements gathered in integrated field experiments in the Sahel, the Amazon, North America and South-east Asia confirm the importance of these interactions. Observations are complemented by modelling studies, including regional models that simulate flows and transport in river catchments, coupled land-cover and regional climate systems, and Earth-system and global circulation models. Water, nutrient and sediment fluxes in river basins are also discussed and are shown to be highly impacted and regulated by humans through land use, pollution and river engineering. Finally, the book discusses environmental vulnerability and methodologies for assessing the risks associated with regional and global climatic and environmental variability and change. The results reported in this book are based on the research work of many individual scientists and teams around the world associated with the objectives of the IGBP-BAHC and WCRP-GEWEX international research programmes.
The Role Of Water And The Hydrological Cycle In Global Change
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Author : Howard R. Oliver
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-06-29
The Role Of Water And The Hydrological Cycle In Global Change written by Howard R. Oliver and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-06-29 with Science categories.
Water is an extremely important factor in global environmental change. Water influences the processes causing change. The human and economic consequences of changes in the water system can be very significant. The aim of this NATO Advanced Study Institute was to present a state-of-the-art assessment of the role of water in global change, ranging from a consideration of atmospheric processes to the social and political impacts of changes in water resources. Many initiatives have recently been developed, such as international conferences and research programmes in particular themes, but there was still a need for information from these diverse activities to be brought together. One of the aims of the ASI was to encourage cross-fertilization between the various disciplines looking at water in the global system. This book contains the expanded written versions of the lectures presented during the AS! held in Italy in May/June 1994. It falls into two basic parts. The first twelve chapters cover the role of water in the climate system and climate modelling. Various areas of the water balance including global budgets, the effect of each element of the water balance on regional and global climates, and procedures used to model hydrological processes at all scales are discussed. Precipitation, ice, lake, groundwater, land surface and atmospheric considerations are included together with hydrological process linkage to climate models. Ocean effects were not covered as they were considered to be outside the scope of this particular AS!.
Terra 1 Understanding The Terrestrial Environment
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Author : Paul Mather
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2003-09-02
Terra 1 Understanding The Terrestrial Environment written by Paul Mather and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-09-02 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This text aims to offer information on research approaches to assessing global environment changes. It includes suggestions for the exchange of ideas between those studying land surface and remote sensing specialists, and advocates synthesizing the findings of different disciplines.
Fast Processes In Large Scale Atmospheric Models
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Author : Yangang Liu
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2023-12-19
Fast Processes In Large Scale Atmospheric Models written by Yangang Liu and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-12-19 with Science categories.
Improving weather and climate prediction with better representation of fast processes in atmospheric models Many atmospheric processes that influence Earth’s weather and climate occur at spatiotemporal scales that are too small to be resolved in large scale models. They must be parameterized, which means approximately representing them by variables that can be resolved by model grids. Fast Processes in Large-Scale Atmospheric Models: Progress, Challenges and Opportunities explores ways to better investigate and represent multiple parameterized processes in models and thus improve their ability to make accurate climate and weather predictions. Volume highlights include: Historical development of the parameterization of fast processes in numerical models Different types of major sub-grid processes and their parameterizations Efforts to unify the treatment of individual processes and their interactions Top-down versus bottom-up approaches across multiple scales Measurement techniques, observational studies, and frameworks for model evaluation Emerging challenges, new opportunities, and future research directions The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.
The Impact Of Climate Change On America S Forests
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2000
The Impact Of Climate Change On America S Forests written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000 with Climatic changes categories.
Abstract: "This report documents trends and impacts of climate change on America's forests as required by the Renewable Resources Planning Act of 1974. Recent research on the impact of climate and elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide on plant productivity is synthesized. Modeling analyses explore the potential impact of climate changes on forests, wood products, and carbon in the United States."
The Earth Observer
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1991
The Earth Observer written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1991 with Artificial satellites in earth sciences categories.