Language A Biological Model
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Language A Biological Model
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Author : Ruth Garrett Millikan
language : en
Publisher: Clarendon Press
Release Date : 2005-08-18
Language A Biological Model written by Ruth Garrett Millikan and has been published by Clarendon Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-08-18 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
Guiding the work of most linguists and philosophers of language today is the assumption that language is governed by prescriptive normative rules. Many believe that it is of the essence of thought itself to follow rules, rules of inference determining the intentional contents of our concepts, and that these rules originate as internalized rules of language. However, exactly what it is for there to be such things as normative rules of language remains distressingly unclear. From what source do these norms flow? What sanctions enforce them? What happens, exactly, if you don't follow the rules? How do children learn the rules? Ruth Millikan presents a radicallly different way of viewing the partial regularities that language displays, the norms and conventions of language. The central norms applying to language, like those norms of function and behavior that account for the survival and proliferation of biological traits, are non-evaluative norms. Specific linguistic forms survive and are reproduced together with co-operative hearer responses because, in a critical mass of cases, these patterns of production and response benefit both speakers and hearers. Conformity is needed only often enough to ensure that the co-operative use constituting the norm - the convention - continues to be copied and hence continues to characterize some interactions of some speaker-hearer pairs. What needs to be reproduced for discursive language forms to survive, it turns out, is not specific conceptual roles but only satisfaction conditions coupled to essential elements of hearer responses. An uncompromising rejection of conceptual analysis as a tool in philosophy results. At the same time the distinction between the propositional content and the force of a linguistic utterance comes into very sharp focus, force emerging as essential to the creation of content rather than as something added to content. The distinction between illocutionary and perlocutionary force, the distinction between linguistic meaning and speaker meaning, and the semantics/pragmatics distinction are each illuminated in new and crisper ways. On the model proposed, neither the intentionality of thought nor the intentionality of language is derived from the other. Processes involved in understanding language are not Gricean but more like direct perception of the world as mediated, for example, through the natural signs contained in the structured light that allows vision. There are also startling implications for pragmatics, and for how children learn language.
Biological Language Model Theory And Application
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Author : Qiwen Dong
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 2020-06-05
Biological Language Model Theory And Application written by Qiwen Dong and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-06-05 with Computers categories.
Conceived as a cross between natural language processing methods and biological sequences in DNA, RNA and protein, biological language model is a new scientific research topic in bioinformatics that has been extensively studied by the authors. The basic theory and applications of this model are presented in this book to serve as an reference for graduate students and researchers.
Foundations Of Language A Biological Paradigm
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Author : Ashraf Bhat
language : en
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Release Date : 2011-10-11
Foundations Of Language A Biological Paradigm written by Ashraf Bhat and has been published by GRIN Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-10-11 with Science categories.
Many people have argued that the evolution of the human language faculty cannot be explained by Darwinian natural selection. Chomsky and Gould have suggested that language may have evolved as the by-product of selection for other abilities or as a consequence of as-yet unknown laws of growth and form. Others have argued that a biological specialization for grammar is incompatible with every tenet of Darwinian theory, that it shows no genetic variation, could not exist in any intermediate forms, confers no selective advantage, and would require more evolutionary time and genomic space than is available. We examine these arguments and show that they depend on inaccurate assumptions about biology or language or both. Evolutionary theory offers clear criteria for when a trait should be attributed to natural selection: complex design for some function, and the absence of alternative processes capable of explaining such complexity. Human language meets this criterion: grammar is a complex mechanism tailored to the transmission of propositional structures through a serial interface. Autonomous and arbitrary grammatical phenomena have been offered as counterexamples to the position that language is an adaptation, but this reasoning is unsound: communication protocols depend on arbitrary conventions that are adaptive as long as they are shared. Consequently, language acquisition in the child should systematically differ from language evolution in the species and attempts to analogize them are misleading. Reviewing other arguments and data, we conclude that there is every reason to believe that a specialization for grammar evolved by a conventional neo-Darwinian process. All human societies have language. As far as we know they always did; language was not invented by some groups and spread to others like agriculture or the alphabet. All languages are complex computational systems employing the same basic kinds of rules and representations, with no notable correlation with technological progress: the grammars of industrial societies are no more complex than the grammars of hunter-gatherers. Within societies, individual humans are proficient language users regardless of intelligence, social status, or level of education. Children are fluent speakers of complex grammatical sentences by the age of three, without benefit of formal instruction. [...]
Biolinguistics
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Author : Lyle Jenkins
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2000
Biolinguistics written by Lyle Jenkins and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
Argues that biology plays a more central role in language acquisition than teaching or learning.
Emergence Of Communication In Socio Biological Networks
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Author : Anamaria Berea
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2017-12-16
Emergence Of Communication In Socio Biological Networks written by Anamaria Berea and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-12-16 with Science categories.
This book integrates current advances in biology, economics of information and linguistics research through applications using agent-based modeling and social network analysis to develop scenarios of communication and language emergence in the social aspects of biological communications. The book presents a model of communication emergence that can be applied both to human and non-human living organism networks. The model is based on economic concepts and individual behavior fundamental for the study of trust and reputation networks in social science, particularly in economics; it is also based on the theory of the emergence of norms and historical path dependence that has been influential in institutional economics. Also included are mathematical models and code for agent-based models to explore various scenarios of language evolution, as well as a computer application that explores language and communication in biological versus social organisms, and the emergence of various meanings and grammars in human networks. Emergence of Communication in Socio-Biological Networks offers both a completely novel approach to communication emergence and language evolution and provides a path for the reader to explore various scenarios of language and communication that are not constrained to the human networks alone. By illustrating how computational social science and the complex systems approach can incorporate multiple disciplines and offer an integrated theory-model approach to the evolution of language, the book will be of interest to researchers working with computational linguistics, mathematical linguistics, and complex systems.
Biological Foundations Of Language
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Author : Eric H. Lenneberg
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 1967-01-15
Biological Foundations Of Language written by Eric H. Lenneberg and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1967-01-15 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
"The study of language is pertinent to many fields of inquiry. It is relevant to psychology, anthropology, philosophy, and medicine. It encroaches upon the humanities, as well as upon the social and natural sciences. We may pursue investigations that concentrate on what man has done with or to specific languages; or we may regard language as a natural phenomenon- an aspect of his biological nature, to be studied in the same manner as, for instance, his anatomy. Which of these approaches is to be chosen is entirely a matter of personal curiosity. This book is concerned with the biological aspects of language." -- Preface
The Real Object Hypothesis Of Language The Roal Model
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Author : Noury Bakrim
language : en
Publisher: BoD - Books on Demand
Release Date : 2021-08-05
The Real Object Hypothesis Of Language The Roal Model written by Noury Bakrim and has been published by BoD - Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-08-05 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
In addition of proposing a model of language based on a bio-mathematical reduction within a synthesis between deduction, induction it suggests a much more important role of learning symmetry (especially iconicity) parallel to Universal Grammar. Without any theoretical megalomania, the model you will be discovering, reading and hopefully discussing hypothesizes two propositional principles with an important role of thermodynamic information : the shift from the bio-semiotic to the semiotic order along with the neural/dynamic mapping is embedded in the shift from thermodynamic laws without proposition (methodologically defined by hypothetic-probabilistic states of the ''internal observer'', Boltzmann-Bernoulli proposals and quantization) to biological and cultural consciousness (selection, combination, self-reference and symmetry etc etc)
Language Biology And Cognition
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Author : Prakash Mondal
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2019-07-17
Language Biology And Cognition written by Prakash Mondal and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-07-17 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
This book examines the relationship between human language and biology in order to determine whether the biological foundations of language can offer deep insights into the nature and form of language and linguistic cognition. Challenging the assumption in biolinguistics and neurolinguistics that natural language and linguistic cognition can be reconciled with neurobiology, the author argues that reducing representation to cognitive systems and cognitive systems to neural populations is reductive, leading to inferences about the cognitive basis of linguistic performance based on assuming (false) dependencies. Instead, he finds that biological implementations of cognitive rather than the biological structures themselves, are the driver behind linguistic structures. In particular, this book argues that the biological roots of language are useful only for an understanding of the emergence of linguistic capacity as a whole, but ultimately irrelevant to understanding the character of language. Offering an antidote to the current thinking embracing ‘biologism’ in linguistic sciences, it will be of interest to readers in linguistics, the cognitive and brain sciences, and the points at which these disciplines converge with the computer sciences.
The Biology Of Language
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Author : Stanisław Puppel
language : en
Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing Company
Release Date : 1995
The Biology Of Language written by Stanisław Puppel and has been published by John Benjamins Publishing Company this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
This volume brings together 15 papers on the evolution and origin of language. The authors approach the subject from various angles, exploring biological, cultural, psychological and linguistic factors. A wide variety of topics is discussed, such as animal communication, language acquisition, the essentialist-evolutionist debate, and genetic classification.
Toward Accessible Multilevel Modeling In Systems Biology
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Author : Carsten Maus
language : de
Publisher: Logos Verlag Berlin GmbH
Release Date : 2013
Toward Accessible Multilevel Modeling In Systems Biology written by Carsten Maus and has been published by Logos Verlag Berlin GmbH this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with Computers categories.
Promoted by advanced experimental techniques for obtaining high-quality data and the steadily accumulating knowledge about the complexity of life, modeling biological systems at multiple interrelated levels of organization attracts more and more attention recently. Current approaches for modeling multilevel systems typically lack an accessible formal modeling language or have major limitations with respect to expressiveness. The aim of this thesis is to provide a comprehensive discussion on associated problems and needs and to propose a concrete solution addressing them. At first, several formal modeling approaches are examined regarding their suitability for describing biological models at multiple organizational levels. Thereby, diverse aspects are taken into account, such as the ability to describe dynamically changing hierarchical model structures and how upward and downward causation between different levels can be expressed. Based on the results of this study, a domain-specific language concept is developed to facilitate multilevel modeling in systems biology. The presented approach combines a rule-based modeling paradigm with dynamically nested model structures, attributed entities, and flexibly constrained reaction rates. Its expressive power, accessibility, and general usefulness for describing biological multilevel models are illustrated with the help of two exemplary case studies.