Language As Choice And Chance
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The Advanced Theory Of Language As Choice And Chance
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Author : Gustav Herdan
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
The Advanced Theory Of Language As Choice And Chance written by Gustav Herdan and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
In trying to give an account of the statistical properties of language, one is faced with the problem of having to find the common thread which would show the many and multifarious forms of language statistic- embodied in scattered papers written by linguists, philosophers, mathe maticians, engineers, each using his own professional idiom - as belong ing to one great whole: quantitative linguistics. This means that the investigator has to find the system of this branch of science which would enable him to arrange the vast material in an orderly fashion, and present it as an organic whole. Such a system is conceived in this book, as comprising the following disciplines as the four main branches of literary statistics: Statistical Linguistics, Stylostatistics, Optimal Systems of Language Structure, and Linguistic Duality (Parts I-IV). The Introduction is meant to define the position of the book with regard to both, linguistics and statistics.
Language As Choice And Chance
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Author : Gustav Herdan
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1956
Language As Choice And Chance written by Gustav Herdan and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1956 with Language and languages categories.
Language As Choice And Chance
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Author : G. Herdan
language : en
Publisher: Philosophical Library
Release Date : 1985-08-01
Language As Choice And Chance written by G. Herdan and has been published by Philosophical Library this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1985-08-01 with categories.
Language As Choice And Chance
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Author : Gustav Herdan
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1956
Language As Choice And Chance written by Gustav Herdan and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1956 with Language and languages categories.
Language Choices
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Author : Martin Pütz
language : en
Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing
Release Date : 1997-01-01
Language Choices written by Martin Pütz and has been published by John Benjamins Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997-01-01 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
This volume concerns various aspects of the theory and application of language conflict phenomena seen from an interdisciplinary perspective. The focus is on linguistic, social, psychological and educational issues (conditions, constraints and consequences) involved in the status and use of languages in multilingual settings. The book is divided into four sections, which deal with: theoretical issues - such as the nature of the concepts of language maintenance; language policy and language planning; attitudes towards languages; and codeswitching and language choice.
Statistical Universals Of Language
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Author : Kumiko Tanaka-Ishii
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2021-04-01
Statistical Universals Of Language written by Kumiko Tanaka-Ishii and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-04-01 with Mathematics categories.
This volume explores the universal mathematical properties underlying big language data and possible reasons why such properties exist, revealing how we may be unconsciously mathematical in our language use. These properties are statistical and thus different from linguistic universals that contribute to describing the variation of human languages, and they can only be identified over a large accumulation of usages. The book provides an overview of state-of-the art findings on these statistical universals and reconsiders the nature of language accordingly, with Zipf's law as a well-known example. The main focus of the book further lies in explaining the property of long memory, which was discovered and studied more recently by borrowing concepts from complex systems theory. The statistical universals not only possibly lie as the precursor of language system formation, but they also highlight the qualities of language that remain weak points in today's machine learning. In summary, this book provides an overview of language's global properties. It will be of interest to anyone engaged in fields related to language and computing or statistical analysis methods, with an emphasis on researchers and students in computational linguistics and natural language processing. While the book does apply mathematical concepts, all possible effort has been made to speak to a non-mathematical audience as well by communicating mathematical content intuitively, with concise examples taken from real texts.
On Calculating The Factor Of Chance In Language Comparison
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Author : Donald Ringe
language : en
Publisher: American Philosophical Society
Release Date : 2007-12
On Calculating The Factor Of Chance In Language Comparison written by Donald Ringe and has been published by American Philosophical Society this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-12 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
While all human languages are likely to be genetically related, the remoter relationships cannot be demonstrated by reliable linguistic methods because the languages in question have diverged too much. Any demonstration of a relationship between languages depends on finding words & grammatical affixes of systematically similar shape & roughly equivalent meaning in the languages in question. This book addresses the practical aspects of the problem of chance resemblances; only elementary probability theory is needed to address the problem. The author discusses strictly limited, tightly controlled types of similarity between words, because those are easiest to understand & analyze; then he discusses more complex cases. Illustrations.
Linguistic Choice Across Genres
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Author : Antonia Sánchez-Macarro
language : en
Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing
Release Date : 1998-07-15
Linguistic Choice Across Genres written by Antonia Sánchez-Macarro and has been published by John Benjamins Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998-07-15 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
This book, based on revised papers originally delivered at the VII International Systemic Functional Workshop in Valencia in 1995, explores some of the choices open to speakers and writers for the expression of meaning in different socio-cultural contexts. Many of the papers draw their inspiration from models of language developed by Michael Halliday and in particular recent theories of variation in relation to texts and genres explored by Halliday and his followers. There is an emphasis on the interdependence and interaction of linguistic choices across sentence boundaries and speaking turns, and also a consistent focus across many papers on the importance of lexicogrammar in the construction of texts. Several papers examine the differences between native-speaker and non-native-speaker choices in speech and writing. The volume also contributes to our understanding of differences and similarities between spoken and written varieties of English and of the central significance of interpersonal functions in the communication of messages. By drawing on naturally-occurring data collected on a range of genres as diverse as philosophy articles, scientific research papers, emergency telephone calls, and casual conversation, contributors both refine descriptions of the relations between text and context and offer numerous new insights and analyses.
Choice Or Chance
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Author : Stephen Nowicki
language : en
Publisher: Prometheus Books
Release Date : 2016-05-17
Choice Or Chance written by Stephen Nowicki and has been published by Prometheus Books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-05-17 with Psychology categories.
How Much Do You Believe That What Happens to You Is the Result of Your Own Actions—or Do Circumstances Beyond Your Control Largely Determine Your Fate? Locus of Control (LOC) is a phrase used by psychologists to describe a widely effective way of assessing an individual’s potential for success—personal, social, and financial. LOC measures how much you believe what happens to you is the result of your own actions or, conversely, of forces and circumstances beyond your control. People who accept that they are largely in control of their lives tend to do better than those who feel that fate or external factors rule what they do, especially in novel and difficult situations. This book explains LOC research, until now mainly confined to academic circles, in terms easily understandable to the average person. The author, a clinical psychologist who has spent nearly five decades investigating and writing about LOC, helps the reader to explore his or her own locus of control and what those orientations might mean for how life is lived. He discusses the extensively documented relationship between LOC and academic achievement, personal and social adjustment, health, and financial success. Dr. Nowicki notes that there has been an increasing tendency among Americans to feel as though their lives are slipping out of their control, and he identifies ways to reverse this negative trend. He describes how the Locus of Control is learned and demonstrates ways in which it can be changed to yield higher levels of achievement, success, personal satisfaction, and better interactions with others.
Responsibility And Justice
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Author : Matt Matravers
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2013-04-24
Responsibility And Justice written by Matt Matravers and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-04-24 with Political Science categories.
In this lively and accessible book, Matt Matravers considers the role of responsibility in politics, morality and the law. In recent years, responsibility has taken a central place in our lives. In politics, both Tony Blair and George W. Bush have claimed that individual responsibility is at the centre of their policy agendas. In morality and the law, it seems just that people should be rewarded or punished only for things for which they are responsible. Yet responsibility is a hotly contested concept. Some philosophers claim that it is impossible, while others insist on both its possibility and importance. This debate has become increasingly technical in the philosophical literature, but it is seldom connected to our practices of politics and the law. Matravers asks, What are we doing when we hold people responsible in deciding questions of distributive justice or of punishment?. By addressing this question, he not only shows how philosophy can help in thinking about current political and legal controversies, but also how we can keep hold of the idea of responsibility in an age in which we are increasingly impressed by the roles of genetics and environment in shaping us and our characters.