Language Tree Divergence Times Support The Anatolian Theory Of Indo European Origin
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Language Tree Divergence Times Support The Anatolian Theory Of Indo European Origin
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Author : Gray, Russell D.
language : en
Publisher: Nature Publishing Group
Release Date : 2003-11-27
Language Tree Divergence Times Support The Anatolian Theory Of Indo European Origin written by Gray, Russell D. and has been published by Nature Publishing Group this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-11-27 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
Metaphor Riddles And The Origin Of Language
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Author : Marcel Danesi
language : en
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing PLC
Release Date : 2024-04-08
Metaphor Riddles And The Origin Of Language written by Marcel Danesi and has been published by Bloomsbury Publishing PLC this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-04-08 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
Scientific evidence for the origin of speech is abundant, but evidence for the origin of language as separate from speech as a naming system remains speculative. What evidence can be utilized that will furnish relevant insights on the origin or language? This book attempts to provide an answer by suggesting that the first riddles of humanity, along with the first myths, reveal that language may have emerged as a mode of reflection via metaphor—a mode that involves blending speech forms together to produce complex, abstract cognition.
The Evolution Of Cultural Diversity
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Author : Ruth Mace
language : en
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Release Date : 2016-09-16
The Evolution Of Cultural Diversity written by Ruth Mace and has been published by Taylor & Francis this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-09-16 with Social Science categories.
Virtually all aspects of human behavior show enormous variation both within and between cultural groups, including material culture, social organization and language. Thousands of distinct cultural groups exist: about 6,000 languages are spoken today, and it is thought that a far greater number of languages existed in the past but became extinct. Using a Darwinian approach, this book seeks to explain this rich cultural variation. There are a number of theoretical reasons to believe that cultural diversification might be tree-like, that is phylogenetic: material and non-material culture is clearly inherited by descendants, there is descent with modification, and languages appear to be hierarchically related. There are also a number of theoretical reasons to believe that cultural evolution is not tree-like: cultural inheritance is not Mendelian and can indeed be vertical, horizontal or oblique, evidence of borrowing abounds, cultures are not necessarily biological populations and can be transient and complex. Here, for the first time, this title tackles these questions of cultural evolution empirically and quantitatively, using a range of case studies from Africa, the Pacific, Europe, Asia and America. A range of powerful theoretical tools developed in evolutionary biology is used to test detailed hypotheses about historical patterns and adaptive functions in cultural evolution. Evidence is amassed from archaeological, linguist and cultural datasets, from both recent and historical or pre-historical time periods. A unifying theme is that the phylogenetic approach is a useful and powerful framework, both for describing the evolutionary history of these traits, and also for testing adaptive hypotheses about their evolution and co-evolution. Contributors include archaeologists, anthropologists, evolutionary biologists and linguists, and this book will be of great interest to all those involved in these areas.
The Oxford Handbook Of Neolithic Europe
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Author : Chris Fowler
language : en
Publisher: OUP Oxford
Release Date : 2015-03-26
The Oxford Handbook Of Neolithic Europe written by Chris Fowler and has been published by OUP Oxford this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-03-26 with Social Science categories.
The Neolithic --a period in which the first sedentary agrarian communities were established across much of Europe--has been a key topic of archaeological research for over a century. However, the variety of evidence across Europe, the range of languages in which research is carried out, and the way research traditions in different countries have developed makes it very difficult for both students and specialists to gain an overview of continent-wide trends. The Oxford Handbook of Neolithic Europe provides the first comprehensive, geographically extensive, thematic overview of the European Neolithic --from Iberia to Russia and from Norway to Malta --offering both a general introduction and a clear exploration of key issues and current debates surrounding evidence and interpretation. Chapters written by leading experts in the field examine topics such as the movement of plants, animals, ideas, and people (including recent trends in the application of genetics and isotope analyses); cultural change (from the first appearance of farming to the first metal artefacts); domestic architecture; subsistence; material culture; monuments; and burial and other treatments of the dead. In doing so, the volume also considers the history of research and sets out agendas and themes for future work in the field.
Genes Language Culture History In The Southwest Pacific
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Author : Jonathan S. Friedlaender
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2007-04-19
Genes Language Culture History In The Southwest Pacific written by Jonathan S. Friedlaender and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-04-19 with Social Science categories.
The broad arc of islands north of Australia that extends from Indonesia east towards the central Pacific is home to a set of human populations whose concentration of diversity is unequaled elsewhere. Approximately 20% of the worlds languages are spoken here, and the biological and genetic heterogeneity among the groups is extraordinary. Anthropologist W.W. Howells once declared diversity in the region so Protean as to defy analysis. However, this book can now claim considerable success in describing and understanding the origins of the genetic and linguistic variation there. In order to cut through this biological knot, the authors have applied a comprehensive battery of genetic analyses to an intensively sampled set of populations, and have subjected these and complementary linguistic data to a variety of phylogenetic analyses. This has revealed a number of heretofore unknown ancient Pleistocene genetic variants that are only found in these island populations, and has also identified the genetic footprints of more recent migrants from Southeast Asia who were the ancestors of the Polynesians. The book lays out the very complex structure of the variation within and among the islands in this relatively small region, and a number of explanatory models are tested to see which best account for the observed pattern of genetic variation here. The results suggest that a number of commonly used models of evolutionary divergence are overly simple in their assumptions, and that often human diversity has accumulated in very complex ways.
First Farmers
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Author : Peter Bellwood
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2004-11-30
First Farmers written by Peter Bellwood and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-11-30 with Social Science categories.
First Farmers: the Origins of Agricultural Societies offers readers an understanding of the origins and histories of early agricultural populations in all parts of the world. Uses data from archaeology, comparative linguistics, and biological anthropology to cover developments over the past 12,000 years Examines the reasons for the multiple primary origins of agriculture Focuses on agricultural origins in and dispersals out of the Middle East, central Africa, China, New Guinea, Mesoamerica and the northern Andes Covers the origins and dispersals of major language families such as Indo-European, Austronesian, Sino-Tibetan, Niger-Congo and Uto-Aztecan
The Quest For Food
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Author : Harald Brüssow
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2007-06-01
The Quest For Food written by Harald Brüssow and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-06-01 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book explores the links between food and human cultural and physical evolution. Each chapter begins by summarizing the basic knowledge in the field, discusses recent research results, and confirms or challenges established concepts, inviting new insight and provoking new questions. This book catalyzes discussion between scientists working on one side in food science and on the other side in biological and biomedical research.
The Native Languages Of South America
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Author : Loretta O'Connor
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2014-03-20
The Native Languages Of South America written by Loretta O'Connor and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-03-20 with Foreign Language Study categories.
In South America indigenous languages are extremely diverse. There are over one hundred language families in this region alone. Contributors from around the world explore the history and structure of these languages, combining insights from archaeology and genetics with innovative linguistic analysis. The book aims to uncover regional patterns and potential deeper genealogical relations between the languages. Based on a large-scale database of features from sixty languages, the book analyses major language families such as Tupian and Arawakan, as well as the Quechua/Aymara complex in the Andes, the Isthmo-Colombian region and the Andean foothills. It explores the effects of historical change in different grammatical systems and fills gaps in the World Atlas of Language Structures (WALS) database, where South American languages are underrepresented. An important resource for students and researchers interested in linguistics, anthropology and language evolution.
Germanic Phylogeny
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Author : Frederik Hartmann
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2023-03-20
Germanic Phylogeny written by Frederik Hartmann and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-03-20 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
This book provides a computational re-evaluation of the genealogical relations between the early Germanic families and of their diversification from their most recent common ancestor, Proto-Germanic. It also proposes a novel computational approach to the problem of linguistic diversification more broadly, using agent-based simulation of speech communities over time. This new method is presented alongside more traditional phylogenetic inference, and the respective results are compared and evaluated. Frederik Hartmann demonstrates that the traditional and novel methods each capture different aspects of this highly complex real-world process; crucially, the new computational approach proposed here offers a new way of investigating the wave-like properties of language relatedness that were previously less accessible. As well as validating the findings of earlier research, the results of this study also generate new insights and shed light on much-debated issues in the field. The conclusion is that the break-up of Germanic should be understood as a gradual disintegration process in which tree-like branching effects are rare.
Culture Evolves
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Author : Andrew Whiten
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2012
Culture Evolves written by Andrew Whiten and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with Psychology categories.
Culture shapes vast swathes of our lives and has allowed the human species to dominate the planet in an evolutionarily unique way. This book is unique in focusing on the evolutionary continuities in culture, providing an interdisciplinary exploration of culture, written by leading authorities from the biological and cognitive sciences.