Learning The Parameters Of Reinforcement Learning From Data For Adaptive Spoken Dialogue Systems
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Learning The Parameters Of Reinforcement Learning From Data For Adaptive Spoken Dialogue Systems
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Author : Layla El Asri
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Learning The Parameters Of Reinforcement Learning From Data For Adaptive Spoken Dialogue Systems written by Layla El Asri and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
This document proposes to learn the behaviour of the dialogue manager of a spoken dialogue system from a set of rated dialogues. This learning is performed through reinforcement learning. Our method does not require the definition of a representation of the state space nor a reward function. These two high-level parameters are learnt from the corpus of rated dialogues. It is shown that the spoken dialogue designer can optimise dialogue management by simply defining the dialogue logic and a criterion to maximise (e.g user satisfaction). The methodology suggested in this thesis first considers the dialogue parameters that are necessary to compute a representation of the state space relevant for the criterion to be maximized. For instance, if the chosen criterion is user satisfaction then it is important to account for parameters such as dialogue duration and the average speech recognition confidence score. The state space is represented as a sparse distributed memory. The Genetic Sparse Distributed Memory for Reinforcement Learning (GSDMRL) accommodates many dialogue parameters and selects the parameters which are the most important for learning through genetic evolution. The resulting state space and the policy learnt on it are easily interpretable by the system designer. Secondly, the rated dialogues are used to learn a reward function which teaches the system to optimise the criterion. Two algorithms, reward shaping and distance minimisation are proposed to learn the reward function. These two algorithms consider the criterion to be the return for the entire dialogue. These functions are discussed and compared on simulated dialogues and it is shown that the resulting functions enable faster learning than using the criterion directly as the final reward. A spoken dialogue system for appointment scheduling was designed during this thesis, based on previous systems, and a corpus of rated dialogues with this system were collected. This corpus illustrates the scaling capability of the state space representation and is a good example of an industrial spoken dialogue system upon which the methodology could be applied.
Data Driven Methods For Adaptive Spoken Dialogue Systems
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Author : Oliver Lemon
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-10-20
Data Driven Methods For Adaptive Spoken Dialogue Systems written by Oliver Lemon and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-10-20 with Computers categories.
Data driven methods have long been used in Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) and Text-To-Speech (TTS) synthesis and have more recently been introduced for dialogue management, spoken language understanding, and Natural Language Generation. Machine learning is now present “end-to-end” in Spoken Dialogue Systems (SDS). However, these techniques require data collection and annotation campaigns, which can be time-consuming and expensive, as well as dataset expansion by simulation. In this book, we provide an overview of the current state of the field and of recent advances, with a specific focus on adaptivity.
Reinforcement Learning For Adaptive Dialogue Systems
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Author : Verena Rieser
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2011-11-23
Reinforcement Learning For Adaptive Dialogue Systems written by Verena Rieser and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-11-23 with Computers categories.
The past decade has seen a revolution in the field of spoken dialogue systems. As in other areas of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, data-driven methods are now being used to drive new methodologies for system development and evaluation. This book is a unique contribution to that ongoing change. A new methodology for developing spoken dialogue systems is described in detail. The journey starts and ends with human behaviour in interaction, and explores methods for learning from the data, for building simulation environments for training and testing systems, and for evaluating the results. The detailed material covers: Spoken and Multimodal dialogue systems, Wizard-of-Oz data collection, User Simulation methods, Reinforcement Learning, and Evaluation methodologies. The book is a research guide for students and researchers with a background in Computer Science, AI, or Machine Learning. It navigates through a detailed case study in data-driven methods for development and evaluation of spoken dialogue systems. Common challenges associated with this approach are discussed and example solutions are provided. This work provides insights, lessons, and inspiration for future research and development – not only for spoken dialogue systems in particular, but for data-driven approaches to human-machine interaction in general.
Towards Adaptive Spoken Dialog Systems
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Author : Alexander Schmitt
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-09-19
Towards Adaptive Spoken Dialog Systems written by Alexander Schmitt and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-09-19 with Technology & Engineering categories.
In Monitoring Adaptive Spoken Dialog Systems, authors Alexander Schmitt and Wolfgang Minker investigate statistical approaches that allow for recognition of negative dialog patterns in Spoken Dialog Systems (SDS). The presented stochastic methods allow a flexible, portable and accurate use. Beginning with the foundations of machine learning and pattern recognition, this monograph examines how frequently users show negative emotions in spoken dialog systems and develop novel approaches to speech-based emotion recognition using hybrid approach to model emotions. The authors make use of statistical methods based on acoustic, linguistic and contextual features to examine the relationship between the interaction flow and the occurrence of emotions using non-acted recordings several thousand real users from commercial and non-commercial SDS. Additionally, the authors present novel statistical methods that spot problems within a dialog based on interaction patterns. The approaches enable future SDS to offer more natural and robust interactions. This work provides insights, lessons and inspiration for future research and development, not only for spoken dialog systems, but for data-driven approaches to human-machine interaction in general.
Reinforcement Learning
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Author : Richard S. Sutton
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Reinforcement Learning written by Richard S. Sutton and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Computers categories.
Reinforcement learning is the learning of a mapping from situations to actions so as to maximize a scalar reward or reinforcement signal. The learner is not told which action to take, as in most forms of machine learning, but instead must discover which actions yield the highest reward by trying them. In the most interesting and challenging cases, actions may affect not only the immediate reward, but also the next situation, and through that all subsequent rewards. These two characteristics -- trial-and-error search and delayed reward -- are the most important distinguishing features of reinforcement learning. Reinforcement learning is both a new and a very old topic in AI. The term appears to have been coined by Minsk (1961), and independently in control theory by Walz and Fu (1965). The earliest machine learning research now viewed as directly relevant was Samuel's (1959) checker player, which used temporal-difference learning to manage delayed reward much as it is used today. Of course learning and reinforcement have been studied in psychology for almost a century, and that work has had a very strong impact on the AI/engineering work. One could in fact consider all of reinforcement learning to be simply the reverse engineering of certain psychological learning processes (e.g. operant conditioning and secondary reinforcement). Reinforcement Learning is an edited volume of original research, comprising seven invited contributions by leading researchers.
Interactive Displays
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Author : Achintya K. Bhowmik
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2014-07-07
Interactive Displays written by Achintya K. Bhowmik and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-07-07 with Technology & Engineering categories.
How we interface and interact with computing, communications and entertainment devices is going through revolutionary changes, with natural user inputs based on touch, voice, and vision replacing or augmenting the use of traditional interfaces based on the keyboard, mouse, joysticks, etc. As a result, displays are morphing from one-way interface devices that merely show visual content to two-way interaction devices that provide more engaging and immersive experiences. This book provides an in-depth coverage of the technologies, applications, and trends in the rapidly emerging field of interactive displays enabled by natural human-interfaces. Key features: Provides a definitive reference reading on all the touch technologies used in interactive displays, including their advantages, limitations, and future trends. Covers the fundamentals and applications of speech input, processing and recognition techniques enabling voice-based interactions. Offers a detailed review of the emerging vision-based sensing technologies, and user interactions using gestures of hands, body, face, and eye gazes. Discusses multi-modal natural user interface schemes which intuitively combine touch, voice, and vision for life-like interactions. Examines the requirements and technology status towards realizing “true” 3D immersive and interactive displays.
Natural Language Generation In Interactive Systems
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Author : Amanda Stent
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2014-06-12
Natural Language Generation In Interactive Systems written by Amanda Stent and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-06-12 with Computers categories.
A comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art in natural language generation for interactive systems, with links to resources for further research.
9th International Workshop On Spoken Dialogue System Technology
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Author : Luis Fernando D'Haro
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2019-09-24
9th International Workshop On Spoken Dialogue System Technology written by Luis Fernando D'Haro and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-09-24 with Social Science categories.
This book presents the outcomes of the 9th International Workshop on Spoken Dialogue Systems (IWSDS), “Towards creating more human-like conversational agent technologies”. It compiles and provides a synopsis of current global research to push forward the state of the art in dialogue technologies, including advances in the context of the classical problems of language understanding, dialogue management and language generation, as well as cognitive topics related to the human nature of conversational phenomena, such as humor, empathy and social context understanding and awareness.
Intelligent Virtual Agents
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Author : Ruth Aylett
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2013-08-16
Intelligent Virtual Agents written by Ruth Aylett and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-08-16 with Computers categories.
This book constitutes the proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents, IVA 2013, held in Edinburgh, UK, in August 2013. There was a total of 94 submissions. The 18 full and 18 short papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected for inclusion in the book. In addition, the volume lists the 34 posters which were on display during the conference. The papers are organized in topical sections named: cognitive models; applications; dialogue, language, speech; non-verbal behaviour; and social, cultural models and agents.
Transfer Learning
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Author : Qiang Yang
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2020-02-13
Transfer Learning written by Qiang Yang and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-02-13 with Computers categories.
This in-depth tutorial for students, researchers, and developers covers foundations, plus applications ranging from search to multimedia.