Levels Of Reality In Science And Philosophy
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Levels Of Reality In Science And Philosophy
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Author : Stavros Ioannidis
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2022-06-08
Levels Of Reality In Science And Philosophy written by Stavros Ioannidis and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-06-08 with Science categories.
This book offers a unique perspective on one of the deepest questions about the world we live in: is reality multi-leveled, or can everything be reduced to some fundamental ‘flat’ level? This deep philosophical issue has widespread implications in philosophy, since it is fundamental to how we understand the world and the basic entities in it. Both the notion of ‘levels’ within science and their ontological implications are issues that are underexplored in the philosophical literature. The volume reconsiders the view that reality contains many levels and opens new ways to understand the ontological status of the special sciences. The book focuses on major open questions that arise at the foundations of cognitive science, cognitive psychology, brain science and other special sciences, in particular with respect to the physical foundations of these sciences. For example: Is the mental computational? Do brains compute? How can the special sciences be autonomous from physics, grounded in, or based on, physics and at the same time irreducible to physics? The book is an important read for scientists and philosophers alike. It is of interest to philosophers of science, philosophers of mind and biology interested in the notion of levels, but also to psychologists, cognitive scientists and neuroscientists investigating such issues as the precise relation of the mental to the underlying neural structures and the appropriate approach to study it.
Reductionism Emergence And Levels Of Reality
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Author : Sergio Chibbaro
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2014-05-13
Reductionism Emergence And Levels Of Reality written by Sergio Chibbaro and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-05-13 with Science categories.
Scientists have always attempted to explain the world in terms of a few unifying principles. In the fifth century B.C. Democritus boldly claimed that reality is simply a collection of indivisible and eternal parts or atoms. Over the centuries his doctrine has remained a landmark, and much progress in physics is due to its distinction between subjective perception and objective reality. This book discusses theory reduction in physics, which states that the whole is nothing more than the sum of its parts: the properties of things are directly determined by their constituent parts. Reductionism deals with the relation between different theories that address different levels of reality, and uses extrapolations to apply that relation in different sciences. Reality shows a complex structure of connections, and the dream of a unified interpretation of all phenomena in several simple laws continues to attract anyone with genuine philosophical and scientific interests. If the most radical reductionist point of view is correct, the relationship between disciplines is strictly inclusive: chemistry becomes physics, biology becomes chemistry, and so on. Eventually, only one science, indeed just a single theory, would survive, with all others merging in the Theory of Everything. Is the current coexistence of different sciences a mere historical venture which will end when the Theory of Everything has been established? Can there be a unified description of nature? Rather than an analysis of full reductionism, this book focuses on aspects of theory reduction in physics and stimulates reflection on related questions: is there any evidence of actual reduction? Are the examples used in the philosophy of science too simplistic? What has been endangered by the search for (the) ultimate truth? Has the dream of reductionist reason created any monsters? Is big science one such monster? What is the point of embedding science Y within science X, if predictions cannot be made on that basis?
Philosophy In Reality
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Author : Joseph E. Brenner
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2020-11-30
Philosophy In Reality written by Joseph E. Brenner and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-11-30 with Science categories.
Philosophy in Reality offers a new vision of the relation between science and philosophy in the framework of a non-propositional logic of real processes, grounded in the physics of the real world. This logical system is based on the work of the Franco-Romanian thinker Stéphane Lupasco (1900-1988), previously presented by Joseph Brenner in the book Logic in Reality (Springer, 2008). The present book was inspired in part by the ancient Chinese Book of Changes (I Ching) and its scientific-philosophical discussion of change. The emphasis in Philosophy in Reality is on the recovery of dialectics and semantics from reductionist applications and their incorporation into a new synthetic paradigm for knowledge. Through an original re-interpretation of both classical and modern Western thought, this book addresses philosophical issues in scientific fields as well as long-standing conceptual problems such as the origin, nature and role of meaning, the unity of knowledge and the origin of morality. In a rigorous transdisciplinary manner, it discusses foundational and current issues in the physical sciences - mathematics, information, communication and systems theory and their implications for philosophy. The same framework is applied to problems of the origins of society, the transformation of reality by human subjects, and the emergence of a global, sustainable information society. In summary, Philosophy in Reality provides a wealth of new perspectives and references, supporting research by both philosophers and physical and social scientists concerned with the many facets of reality.
Theory And Reality
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Author : Peter Godfrey-Smith
language : en
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Release Date : 2009-12-11
Theory And Reality written by Peter Godfrey-Smith and has been published by University of Chicago Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-12-11 with Science categories.
How does science work? Does it tell us what the world is "really" like? What makes it different from other ways of understanding the universe? In Theory and Reality, Peter Godfrey-Smith addresses these questions by taking the reader on a grand tour of one hundred years of debate about science. The result is a completely accessible introduction to the main themes of the philosophy of science. Intended for undergraduates and general readers with no prior background in philosophy, Theory and Reality covers logical positivism; the problems of induction and confirmation; Karl Popper's theory of science; Thomas Kuhn and "scientific revolutions"; the views of Imre Lakatos, Larry Laudan, and Paul Feyerabend; and challenges to the field from sociology of science, feminism, and science studies. The book then looks in more detail at some specific problems and theories, including scientific realism, the theory-ladeness of observation, scientific explanation, and Bayesianism. Finally, Godfrey-Smith defends a form of philosophical naturalism as the best way to solve the main problems in the field. Throughout the text he points out connections between philosophical debates and wider discussions about science in recent decades, such as the infamous "science wars." Examples and asides engage the beginning student; a glossary of terms explains key concepts; and suggestions for further reading are included at the end of each chapter. However, this is a textbook that doesn't feel like a textbook because it captures the historical drama of changes in how science has been conceived over the last one hundred years. Like no other text in this field, Theory and Reality combines a survey of recent history of the philosophy of science with current key debates in language that any beginning scholar or critical reader can follow.
Metaphysics And The Philosophy Of Science
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Author : Matthew H. Slater
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2017
Metaphysics And The Philosophy Of Science written by Matthew H. Slater and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with Philosophy categories.
This volume of new essays, written by leading philosophers of science, explores a broadly methodological question: what role should metaphysics play in our philosophizing about science? The essays address this question both through ground-level investigations of particular issues in the metaphysics of science and by more general methodological investigations.
The Unreal Universe
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Author : Manoj Thulasidas
language : en
Publisher: Thulasidas
Release Date : 2007
The Unreal Universe written by Manoj Thulasidas and has been published by Thulasidas this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with Physics categories.
"In this immensely thought-provoking book, Thulasidas explores our notions of space and time and shows how our sense of reality rests on uncertain supports. Space is unreal the same way sound and smell are unreal, and time is no more real than mathematics. In a space created by the brain out of the light falling on our retinas (for the Hubble telescope), is it a surprise that nothing can travel faster than light? Generated by our sensory perception and fabricated by our cognitive process, the space-time continuum is the arena of physics. Looking at reality as a cognitive model of perception, Thulasidas sheds new light on spiritual philosophies, both Western and Eastern. Exploring the overlaps among the sciences and philosophies with impressive surety and clarity, The Unreal Universe looks set to revolutionize the way we think of reality and understand both modern physics and ancient spiritual writings"--Back cover
Re Engineering Philosophy For Limited Beings
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Author : William C. Wimsatt
language : en
Publisher: Harvard University Press
Release Date : 2007-06-30
Re Engineering Philosophy For Limited Beings written by William C. Wimsatt and has been published by Harvard University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-06-30 with Philosophy categories.
Analytic philosophers once pantomimed physics, trying to understand the world by breaking it down. Thinkers from the Darwinian sciences now pose alternatives to such reductionism. Wimsatt argues that today’s scientists seek to atomize phenomena only to understand how entities, events, and processes articulate at different levels.
Fundamentals
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Author : Frank Wilczek
language : en
Publisher: Penguin UK
Release Date : 2021-01-12
Fundamentals written by Frank Wilczek and has been published by Penguin UK this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-01-12 with Science categories.
One of our great contemporary scientists reveals the ten profound insights that illuminate what everyone should know about the physical world In Fundamentals, Nobel laureate Frank Wilczek offers the reader a simple yet profound exploration of reality based on the deep revelations of modern science. With clarity and an infectious sense of joy, he guides us through the essential concepts that form our understanding of what the world is and how it works. Through these pages, we come to see our reality in a new way--bigger, fuller, and stranger than it looked before. Synthesizing basic questions, facts, and dazzling speculations, Wilczek investigates the ideas that form our understanding of the universe: time, space, matter, energy, complexity, and complementarity. He excavates the history of fundamental science, exploring what we know and how we know it, while journeying to the horizons of the scientific world to give us a glimpse of what we may soon discover. Brilliant, lucid, and accessible, this celebration of human ingenuity and imagination will expand your world and your mind.
Science Philosophy And Physical Geography
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Author : Robert Inkpen
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2013-06-26
Science Philosophy And Physical Geography written by Robert Inkpen and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-06-26 with Education categories.
This accessible and engaging text explores the relationship between philosophy, science and physical geography. It addresses an imbalance that exists in opinion, teaching and to a lesser extent research, between a philosophically enriched human geography and a perceived philosophically empty physical geography. The text challenges the myth that there is a single self-evident scientific method that can, and is, applied in a straightforward manner by physical geographers. It demonstrates the variety of alternative philosophical perspectives and emphasizes the difference that the real world geographical context and the geographer make to the study of environmental phenomenon. This includes a consideration of the dynamic relationship between human and physical geography. Finally, the text demonstrates the relevance of philosophy for both an understanding of published material and for the design and implementation of studies in physical geography. This edition has been fully updated with two new chapters on field studies and modelling, as well as greater discussion of ethical issues and forms of explanation. The book explores key themes such as reconstructing environmental change, species interactions and fluvial geomorphology, and is complimented throughout with case studies to illustrate concepts.
The Theory Of Info Statics Conceptual Foundations Of Information And Knowledge
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Author : Kofi K. Dompere
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2017-07-06
The Theory Of Info Statics Conceptual Foundations Of Information And Knowledge written by Kofi K. Dompere and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-07-06 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book discusses the development of a theory of info-statics as a sub-theory of the general theory of information. It describes the factors required to establish a definition of the concept of information that fixes the applicable boundaries of the phenomenon of information, its linguistic structure and scientific applications. The book establishes the definitional foundations of information and how the concepts of uncertainty, data, fact, evidence and evidential things are sequential derivatives of information as the primary category, which is a property of matter and energy. The sub-definitions are extended to include the concepts of possibility, probability, expectation, anticipation, surprise, discounting, forecasting, prediction and the nature of past-present-future information structures. It shows that the factors required to define the concept of information are those that allow differences and similarities to be established among universal objects over the ontological and epistemological spaces in terms of varieties and identities. These factors are characteristic and signal dispositions on the basis of which general definitional foundations are developed to construct the general information definition (GID). The book then demonstrates that this definition is applicable to all types of information over the ontological and epistemological spaces. It also defines the concepts of uncertainty, data, fact, evidence and knowledge based on the GID. Lastly, it uses set-theoretic analytics to enhance the definitional foundations, and shows the value of the theory of info-statics to establish varieties and categorial varieties at every point of time and thus initializes the construct of the theory of info-dynamics.