Liberalization Productivity And Competition
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Liberalization Productivity And Competition
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Author : Vivek Srivastava
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
Release Date : 1996
Liberalization Productivity And Competition written by Vivek Srivastava and has been published by Oxford University Press, USA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996 with Business & Economics categories.
The empirical evidence linking economic reform in developing countries with gains in productivity and efficiency is both limited and inconclusive. Using large firm-level data collected by the Reserve Bank of India, this book examines the impact of reform on productivity and competition for the Indian manufacturing sector in the eighties. Relying on econometric estimates of pre- and post-reform productivity growth, the study finds evidence of significantly higher productivity growth rates after the mid-eighties both at the aggregate and two-digit sector levels. The author seeks corroborating evidence by developing a framework that enables him to simultaneously estimate economies of scale, a measure of optimal labour utilization and the mark-up of price over marginal cost as an indicator of competitiveness. Though he finds evidence of better labour utilization, there is no indication of reduced market power or any significant departure from constant returns to scale in the post-reform period. He concludes that even the limited reforms of the eighties led to productivity gains which were achieved largely through better resource use.
Competition And Productivity
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Author : Thomas J. Holmes
language : en
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
Release Date : 2010
Competition And Productivity written by Thomas J. Holmes and has been published by DIANE Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Business & Economics categories.
Does competition spur productivity? And if so, how? These have long been regarded as central questions in economics. The extent of competition can be influenced by policy decisions, so understanding how competition impacts productivity and, in turn, living standards is of more than academic importance. To fully answer these questions of whether, and how, an increase in competition impacts productivity, two issues must be addressed. First, the authors define what we mean by an ¿increase in competition.¿ Second, they attempt to understand the mechanisms through which competition impacts productivity. Both issues present substantial challenges, which the authors address. Illustrations. This is a print-on-demand publication; it is not an original.
Market Dynamics And Productivity In Developing Countries
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Author : Khalid Sekkat
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2009-12-14
Market Dynamics And Productivity In Developing Countries written by Khalid Sekkat and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-12-14 with Business & Economics categories.
To what degree are trade liberalization, productivity, and economic growth correlated? Can economic policies designed to encourage competition and curtail industry protection result in large-scale improvements, such as increased innovation and reduced unemployment? After 20 years of economic reform in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), economic performance is still lagging behind many regions of the world. Even in those countries that are the most advanced in implementing reforms, including Egypt, Jordan, Morocco and Tunisia, industries with low productivity growth and high market power continue to dominate. Moreover, the termination of the Multi-Fiber Agreement and the negotiations concerning further liberalization of trade in agricultural products (under the framework of the World Trade Organization) put these and other countries under pressure of fierce competition from emerging nations. Recent empirical evidence on the impact of reforms in a number of developing countries shows that such persistence of inefficiency and market power is specific to MENA. Showcasing in-depth analyses from Jordan, Morocco, Tunisia, and Turkey (with comparative data from Asia and Latin America), this book focuses on the dynamics of firm entry and exit to help explain the low productivity of the region. The results suggest a number of policy recommendations designed to foster competition, which, in turn, would contribute to innovation, productivity growth, and improved return on capital investments. The book not only reveals important correlations among policy and market factors in MENA, but suggests fruitful areas of research in other developing regions of the world.
Trade Liberalization Firm Performance And Labor Market Outcomes In The Developing World
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Author : Paolo Epifani
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2003
Trade Liberalization Firm Performance And Labor Market Outcomes In The Developing World written by Paolo Epifani and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with Comercio regional categories.
Reviews the micro-level evidence on the effects of trade and investment liberalization in the developing world. He focuses, in particular, on the effects of the 1991 trade reform in India since it provides an excellent controlled experiment in which the effects of a drastic trade regime change can be measured. His main findings are: 1) There is evidence of trade-induced productivity gains (in this respect, however, India is an exception. 2) These gains mainly stem from intra-industry reallocation of resources among firms with different productivity levels. 3) The gains are larger in import-competing sectors. 4) There is no evidence of significant scale efficiency gains. Unilateral trade liberalization is often associated with a reduced scale efficiency. 5) There is evidence of a pro-competitive effect of trade liberalization. 6) There is no evidence either of learning-by-exporting effects or of beneficial spillover effects from foreign-owned to local firms active in the same sectors. 7) There is evidence, however, of positive vertical spillovers from foreign direct investment. 8) There is evidence of skill upgrading induced either by technology imports or by trade-induced reallocations of market shares in favor of plants with higher skill-intensity. 9) There is no evidence of trade-induced increases in labor demand elasticities. But direct evidence suggests that trade exposure raises wage volatility. 10) There is no evidence of substantial employment contraction in import-competing sectors.
Market Dynamics And Productivity In Developing Countries
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Author : Khalid Sekkat
language : en
Publisher: IDRC
Release Date : 2010
Market Dynamics And Productivity In Developing Countries written by Khalid Sekkat and has been published by IDRC this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Business & Economics categories.
To what degree are trade liberalization, productivity, and economic growth correlated? Can economic policies designed to encourage competition and curtail industry protection result in large-scale improvements, such as increased innovation and reduced unemployment? After 20 years of economic reform in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), economic performance is still lagging behind many regions of the world. Even in those countries that are the most advanced in implementing reforms, including Egypt, Jordan, Morocco and Tunisia, industries with low productivity growth and high market power continue to dominate. Moreover, the termination of the Multi-Fiber Agreement and the negotiations concerning further liberalization of trade in agricultural products (under the framework of the World Trade Organization) put these and other countries under pressure of fierce competition from emerging nations. Recent empirical evidence on the impact of reforms in a number of developing countries shows that such persistence of inefficiency and market power is specific to MENA. Showcasing in-depth analyses from Jordan, Morocco, Tunisia, and Turkey (with comparative data from Asia and Latin America), this book focuses on the dynamics of firm entry and exit to help explain the low productivity of the region. The results suggest a number of policy recommendations designed to foster competition, which, in turn, would contribute to innovation, productivity growth, and improved return on capital investments. The book not only reveals important correlations among policy and market factors in MENA, but suggests fruitful areas of research in other developing regions of the world.
The Effects Of Trade Liberalization On Productivity Growth In Brazil
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Author : Marcos de Barros Lisboa
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
The Effects Of Trade Liberalization On Productivity Growth In Brazil written by Marcos de Barros Lisboa and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with categories.
The Oxford Handbook Of Productivity Analysis
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Author : Emili Grifell-Tatjé
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2018-08-07
The Oxford Handbook Of Productivity Analysis written by Emili Grifell-Tatjé and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-08-07 with Business & Economics categories.
Productivity underpins business success and national well-being and thus it is crucial to understand the factors that influence productivity growth. This volume provides a comprehensive exploration into the significance of productivity growth for business, the economy, and for social economic progress. It examines how productivity is defined, measured and implemented. It also surveys the dispersion of productivity across time and place, focusing on the productivity dynamics that either leads to a reallocation of resources that reduces dispersion and increases aggregate productivity or, conversely, allows dispersion to persist behind barriers to productivity-enhancing reallocation. A third focus is an investigation of the drivers of, or impediments to, productivity growth, some of which are organizational in nature and under management control and others of which are institutional in nature and subject to public policy intervention. The Oxford Handbook of Productivity Analysis contains contributions of distinguished productivity experts from around the world who analyze a wide range of timely issues. These issues concern purely analytical topics surrounding the measurement of productivity in various situations, beginning with the ideal situation in which all inputs and all outputs, and their prices, are observed accurately. They also include service sectors such as education in which the services provided are hard to define, much less measure, and other sectors that generate undesirable environmental externalities that are difficult to price and complicate the very definition of productivity. The issues also involve business management topics ranging from the role of business models and benchmarking to the quality of management practices, the adoption of new technologies, and possible complementarities between the two. The relationship between productivity and business performance is also explored. At a more aggregate level the issues range from the impacts of market power, incentive regulation, international trade and global value chains on productivity, to the contribution of productivity to economic development and economic welfare.
Trade Liberalization Intermediate Inputs And Productivity Evidence From Indonesia
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Author : Mary Amiti
language : en
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Release Date : 2005-07-01
Trade Liberalization Intermediate Inputs And Productivity Evidence From Indonesia written by Mary Amiti and has been published by INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-07-01 with categories.
This paper estimates the effects of trade liberalization on plant productivity. In contrast to previous studies, we distinguish between productivity gains arising from lower tariffs on final goods relative to lower tariffs on intermediate inputs. Lower output tariffs can produce productivity gains by inducing tougher import competition whereas cheaper imported inputs can raise productivity via learning, variety, or quality effects. We use Indonesian manufacturing census data from 1991 to 2001, which includes plant-level information on imported inputs. The results show that the largest gains arise from reducing input tariffs. A 10 percentage point fall in output tariffs increases productivity by about 1 percent, whereas an equivalent fall in input tariffs leads to a 3 percent productivity gain for all firms and an 11 percent productivity gain for importing firms.
Efficiency Effects Of Trade Liberalization
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Author : Axel Pols
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1999
Efficiency Effects Of Trade Liberalization written by Axel Pols and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with Argentina categories.
Looking at the fascinating Argentinian experience with trade liberalization, this study provides a contribution to improve our understanding of both the political economy and the economic effects of trade policy reform.
Industrial Competition Shifts In Market Share And Productivity Growth
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Author : John Russel Baldwin
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2004
Industrial Competition Shifts In Market Share And Productivity Growth written by John Russel Baldwin and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Competition categories.