Lingua Ex Machina

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Lingua Ex Machina

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Author : William H. Calvin
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2000

Lingua Ex Machina written by William H. Calvin and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000 with Biography & Autobiography categories.

A neuroscientist and a linguist show how evolution could have given rise to structured language. A machine for language? Certainly, say the neurophysiologists, busy studying the language specializations of the human brain and trying to identify their evolutionary antecedents. Linguists such as Noam Chomsky talk about machinelike "modules" in the brain for syntax, arguing that language is more an instinct (a complex behavior triggered by simple environmental stimuli) than an acquired skill like riding a bicycle. But structured language presents the same evolutionary problems as feathered forelimbs for flight: you need a lot of specializations to fly even a little bit. How do you get them, if evolution has no foresight and the intermediate stages do not have intermediate payoffs? Some say that the Darwinian scheme for gradual species self-improvement cannot explain our most valued human capability, the one that sets us so far above the apes, language itself. William Calvin and Derek Bickerton suggest that other evolutionary developments, not directly related to language, allowed language to evolve in a way that eventually promoted a Chomskian syntax. They compare these intermediate behaviors to the curb-cuts originally intended for wheelchair users. Their usefulness was soon discovered by users of strollers, shopping carts, rollerblades, and so on. The authors argue that reciprocal altruism and ballistic movement planning were "curb-cuts" that indirectly promoted the formation of structured language. Written in the form of a dialogue set in Bellagio, Italy, Lingua ex Machina presents an engaging challenge to those who view the human capacity for language as a winner-take-all war between Chomsky and Darwin.

Phenomenology Of The Human Person

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Author : Robert Sokolowski
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2008-05-12

Phenomenology Of The Human Person written by Robert Sokolowski and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-05-12 with Philosophy categories.

In this book, Robert Sokolowski argues that being a person means to be involved with truth. He shows that human reason is established by syntactic composition in language, pictures, and actions and that we understand things when they are presented to us through syntax. Sokolowski highlights the role of the spoken word in human reason and examines the bodily and neurological basis for human experience. Drawing on Husserl and Aristotle, as well as Aquinas and Henry James, Sokolowski here employs phenomenology in a highly original way in order to clarify what we are as human agents.

How Brains Think

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Author : William H. Calvin
language : en
Publisher: Hachette UK
Release Date : 2014-11-25

How Brains Think written by William H. Calvin and has been published by Hachette UK this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-11-25 with Psychology categories.

If you're good at finding the one right answer to life's multiple-choice questions, you're "smart." But "intelligence" is what you need when contemplating the leftovers in the refrigerator, trying to figure out what might go with them; or if you're trying to speak a sentence that you've never spoken before. As Jean Piaget said, intelligence is what you use when you don't know what to do, when all the standard answers are inadequate. This book tries to fathom how our inner life evolves from one topic to another, as we create and reject alternatives. Ever since Darwin, we've known that elegant things can emerge (indeed, self-organize) from "simpler" beginnings. And, says theoretical neurophysiologist William H. Calvin, the bootstrapping of new ideas works much like the immune response or the evolution of a new animal species -- except that the brain can turn the Darwinian crank a lot faster, on the time scale of thought and action. Drawing on anthropology, evolutionary biology, linguistics, and the neurosciences, Calvin also considers how a more intelligent brain developed using slow biological improvements over the last few million years. Long ago, evolving jack-of-all trades versatility was encouraged by abrupt climate changes. Now, evolving intelligence uses a nonbiological track: augmenting human intelligence and building intelligent machines.

Knowledge Based And Intelligent Information And Engineering Systems Part Iv

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Author : Andreas König
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2011-09-15

Knowledge Based And Intelligent Information And Engineering Systems Part Iv written by Andreas König and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-09-15 with Computers categories.

The four-volume set LNAI 6881-LNAI 6884 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Knowledge-Based Intelligent Information and Engineering Systems, KES 2011, held in Kaiserslautern, Germany, in September 2011. Part 4: The total of 244 high-quality papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from numerous submissions. The 46 papers of Part 4 are organized in topical sections on human activity support in knowledge society, knowledge-based interface systems, model-based computing for innovative engineering, document analysis and knowledge science, immunity-based systems, natural language visualisation advances in theory and application of hybrid intelligent systems.

Hacking Cyberspace

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Author : David J. Gunkel
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2018-02-19

Hacking Cyberspace written by David J. Gunkel and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-02-19 with Social Science categories.

In Hacking Cyberspace David J. Gunkel examines the metaphors applied to new technologies, and how those metaphors inform, shape, and drive the implementation of the technology in question. The author explores the metaphorical tropes that have been employed to describe and evaluate recent advances in computer technology, telecommunications systems, and interactive media. Taking the stance that no speech is value-neutral, Gunkel examines such metaphors as "the information superhighway" and "the electronic frontier" for their political and social content, and he develops a critical investigation that not only traces the metaphors' conceptual history, but explicates their implications and consequences for technological development. Through Hacking Cyberspace, David J. Gunkel develops a sophisticated understanding of new technology that takes into account the effect of technoculture's own discursive techniques and maneuvers on the actual form of technological development.

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Author :
language : en
Publisher: IOS Press
Release Date :

written by and has been published by IOS Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with categories.

Seduction Community Speech

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Author : Frank Brisard
language : en
Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing
Release Date : 2004-12-31

Seduction Community Speech written by Frank Brisard and has been published by John Benjamins Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-12-31 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.

This volume unites various contributions reflecting the intellectual interests exhibited by Professor Herman Parret (Institute of Philosophy, Leuven), who has continued to observe, and often critically assess, ongoing developments in pragmatics throughout his career. In fact, Parret’s contributions to philosophical and empirical/linguistic pragmatics present substantive proposals in the epistemics of communication, while simultaneously offering meta-comments on the ideological premises of extant pragmatic analyses. In a lengthy introduction, an overview is provided of his achievements in promoting an integrated, “maximalist” pragmatics, as well as of the links between his own work in philosophy of language and in semiotics and aesthetics. The remaining 12 essays address relevant pragmatic themes or look into the relation between pragmatics and neighboring disciplines. They deal with grammatical deixis (Brisard, Ikegami) and mood (van der Auwera & Schalley), performativity (Harnish, Holdcroft), speech-act types and their praxeological dimensions (Roulet, Van Overbeke), Wittgensteinian language games (Marques, Parisi), cultural and intercultural identities (Vandenabeele, Verschueren), and the visual arts (Wildgen).

Mind Reason And Being In The World

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Author : Joseph K. Schear
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2013-03-05

Mind Reason And Being In The World written by Joseph K. Schear and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-03-05 with Philosophy categories.

John McDowell and Hubert L. Dreyfus are philosophers of world renown, whose work has decisively shaped the fields of analytic philosophy and phenomenology respectively. Mind, Reason, and Being-in-the-World: The McDowell-Dreyfus Debate opens with their debate over one of the most important and controversial subjects of philosophy: is human experience pervaded by conceptual rationality, or does experience mark the limits of reason? Is all intelligibility rational, or is there a form of intelligibility at work in our skilful bodily rapport with the world that eludes our intellectual capacities? McDowell and Dreyfus provide a fascinating insight into some fundamental differences between analytic philosophy and phenomenology, as well as areas where they may have something in common. Fifteen specially commissioned chapters by distinguished international contributors enrich the debate inaugurated by McDowell and Dreyfus, taking it in a number of different and important directions. Fundamental philosophical problems discussed include: the embodied mind, subjectivity and self-consciousness, intentionality, rationality, practical skills, human agency, and the history of philosophy from Kant to Hegel to Heidegger to Merleau-Ponty. With the addition of these outstanding contributions, Mind, Reason, and Being-in-the-World is essential reading for students and scholars of analytic philosophy and phenomenology.

Language And Action In Cognitive Neuroscience

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Author : Yann Coello
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 2012-12-07

Language And Action In Cognitive Neuroscience written by Yann Coello and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-07 with Psychology categories.

This book collates the most up to date evidence from behavioural, brain imagery and stroke-patient studies, to discuss the ways in which cognitive and neural processes are responsible for language processing. Divided into six sections, the edited volume presents arguments from evolutionist, developmental, behavioural and neurobiological perspectives, all of which point to a strong relationship between action and language. It provides a scientific basis for a new theoretical approach to language evolution, acquisition and use in humans, whilst at the same time assessing current debates on motor system’s contribution to the emergence of language acquisition, perception and production. The chapters have been written by internationally acknowledged researchers from a variety of disciplines, and as such this book will be of great interest to academics, students and professionals in the areas of cognitive psychology, neuropsychology, neuroscience, psycholinguistics and philosophy.

Global Fever

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Author : William H. Calvin
language : en
Publisher: William H. Calvin
Release Date : 2010-08-09

Global Fever written by William H. Calvin and has been published by William H. Calvin this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-08-09 with Nature categories.