Linguistic Variables
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Linguistic Variables
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Author : Hans-Heinrich Lieb
language : en
Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing
Release Date : 1993-09-15
Linguistic Variables written by Hans-Heinrich Lieb and has been published by John Benjamins Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993-09-15 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
This book for the first time reconstructs in a single theoretical framework the more important approaches to linguistic variation found in areas as different as historical linguistics, dialectology, sociolinguistics, psycholinguistics, stylistics, contrastive linguistics, language typology, so-called evaluation grammar, and current Chomskyan generative grammar (generally with an emphasis on syntax). The book concentrates on language-internal variation but also analyses typological research and considers the question of how linguistic descriptions may account for variation both within and between languages. The book's first and primary aim is adequate conceptualization in the area of linguistic variation. Its second aim is a practical one: to contribute, from a theoretical point of view, to the vast descriptive effort that is demanded in linguistics in documenting endangered languages. Its third aim is, simply, orientation. Using a non-Labovian notion of linguistic variable, the author distinguishes a holistic and a component approach to linguistic variation. A precise version of the former is developed by formulating a theory of language varieties based on the concept of variety structure of a language; it is then shown how the proposals made by major representatives of the component approach can be integrated into this framework. The theory is extended to interlanguage variation and applied, in particular, to typology. It is further extended to establish the properties of linguistic descriptions that account for variation in a unified way.
Linguistic Variables
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Author : Hans-Heinrich Lieb
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1993
Linguistic Variables written by Hans-Heinrich Lieb and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993 with categories.
Linguistic Values Based Intelligent Information Processing
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Author : Pei Zheng
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2010-01-01
Linguistic Values Based Intelligent Information Processing written by Pei Zheng and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-01-01 with Computers categories.
Humans employ mostly natural languages in describing and representing problems, c- puting and reasoning, arriving at ?nal conclusions described similarly as words in a natural language or as the form of mental perceptions. To make machines imitate humans’ mental activities, the key point in terms of machine intelligence is to process uncertain information by means of natural languages with vague and imprecise concepts. Zadeh (1996a) proposed a concept of Computing with Words (CWW) to model and c- pute with linguistic descriptions that are propositions drawn from a natural language. CWW, followed the concept of linguistic variables (Zadeh, 1975a,b) and fuzzy sets (Zadeh, 1965), has been developed intensively and opened several new vast research ?elds as well as applied in various areas, particularly in the area of arti?cial intelligence. Zadeh (1997, 2005) emphasized that the core conceptions in CWW are linguistic variables and fuzzy logic (or approximate reasoning). In a linguistic variable, each linguistic value is explained by a fuzzy set (also called semantics of the linguistic value), its membership function is de?ned on the universe of discourse of the linguistic variable. By fuzzy sets, linguistic information or statements are quanti?ed by membership functions, and infor- tion propagation is performed by approximate reasoning. The use of linguistic variables implies processes of CWW such as their fusion, aggregation, and comparison. Different computational approaches in the literature addressed those processes (Wang, 2001; Zadeh and Kacprzyk, 1999a, b). Membership functions are generally at the core of many fuzzy-set theories based CWW.
Qualitative Process Theory Using Linguistic Variables
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Author : Bruce D'Ambrosio
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Qualitative Process Theory Using Linguistic Variables written by Bruce D'Ambrosio and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Computers categories.
8. 5 Summary In this chapter we have identified three basic patterns of influences that lead to ambiguity in the QP analysis of the basic active furnace state. We have then shown how modification of these patterns, by adding equilibrium values and sensitivity annotations on influence arcs, could permit resolu tion of the ambiguities. Finally, we have described in detail the extensions needed to the basic influence resolution algorithm in QP theory to oper ate on these extended descriptions. We have also shown that the modified influence resolution algorithm corrects an error in Forbus' original method for combining influences. We have then presented an extended example in which introduction of equilibrium assumptions eliminates all ambigu ity in the influence resolution deduction. In the next chapter we extend these techniques further, by developing a qualitative perturbation analysis technique that permits us to answer "what ir' control questions; then we extend this technique to obtain quantitative, as well as qualitative, effects of hypothetical control actions. 8.
Sociolinguistic Patterns
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Author : William Labov
language : en
Publisher: University of Pennsylvania Press
Release Date : 1973-09
Sociolinguistic Patterns written by William Labov and has been published by University of Pennsylvania Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1973-09 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
This classic volume, by a well-known linguist, constitutes a systematic introduction to sociolinguistics, unmatched in the clarity and forcefulness of its approach, and to the study of language in its social setting.
Decision Making Methods With Linguistic Neutrosophic Information A Review
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Author : Minna Xu
language : en
Publisher: Infinite Study
Release Date : 2020-12-01
Decision Making Methods With Linguistic Neutrosophic Information A Review written by Minna Xu and has been published by Infinite Study this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-12-01 with Mathematics categories.
Linguistic neutrosophic information and its extension have been long recognized as a useful tool in decision-making problems in many areas. This paper briefly describes the development process of linguistic neutrosophic information expressions, and gives in-depth studies on seven different concepts and tools. At the same time, a brief evaluation and summary of the decision-making methods of its various measures and aggregation operators are also made. A comparative analysis of different linguistic neutrosophic sets is made with examples to illustrate the effectiveness and practicability of decision making methods based on multiple aggregation operators and measures. Finally, according to the analysis of the current situation of linguistic neutrosophic information, the related trends of its future development are discussed.
Multiple Attribute Group Decision Making Method Based On Linguistic Neutrosophic Numbers
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Author : Zebo Fang
language : en
Publisher: Infinite Study
Release Date :
Multiple Attribute Group Decision Making Method Based On Linguistic Neutrosophic Numbers written by Zebo Fang and has been published by Infinite Study this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with categories.
Existing intuitionistic linguistic variables can describe the linguistic information of both thetruth/membership and falsity/non-membership degrees, but it cannot represent the indeterminate and inconsistent linguistic information.
Language Change And Variation
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Author : Ralph W. Fasold
language : en
Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing
Release Date : 1989-01-01
Language Change And Variation written by Ralph W. Fasold and has been published by John Benjamins Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1989-01-01 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
The study of language variation in social context continues to hold the attention of a large number of linguists. This research is promoted by the annual colloquia on New Ways of Analyzing Variation in English' (NWAVE). This volume is a selection of revised papers from the NWAVE XI, held at Georgetown University. It deals with a number of items, some of which have often been discussed, others that have been less emphasized. The first group of articles in the volume center on a frequent theme: speech communities as the essential setting for understanding variation in language. Earlier work in linguistic variation dealt for the most part with phonological variation and change. Syntactic and morphological change and variation in syntax are also discussed. A selection on the role of variation in understanding first language acquisition comprises three papers. Articles in the last section of the volume concern theoretical controversy and methodological advances.
Moravians In Prague
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Author : James Wilson
language : en
Publisher: Peter Lang
Release Date : 2010
Moravians In Prague written by James Wilson and has been published by Peter Lang this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Czech language categories.
This book provides the first systematic description of the linguistic accommodation of Moravian migrants in Bohemia. By analyzing the linguistic behaviour of 39 university students from different parts of Moravia living at a hall of residence in Prague, the author investigates part of an unsubstantiated and ideologically motivated dialect contact hypothesis according to which in informal, everyday communication Moravians in Bohemia accommodate not in the direction of the standard dialect but to Common Czech, a non-standard interdialect that is spoken throughout Bohemia. The study combines a quantitative analysis of six linguistic variables with an ethnographic study of informants' linguistic and social behaviour. A primary objective of the study is to identify the impact of various social criteria on informants' acquisition of Common Czech forms.
Linguistic Functions
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Author : W.B. Vasantha Kandasamy
language : en
Publisher: Infinite Study
Release Date : 2022-10-23
Linguistic Functions written by W.B. Vasantha Kandasamy and has been published by Infinite Study this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-10-23 with Antiques & Collectibles categories.
In this book, the authors have proved the analogues of the Bolzano Weierstrass theorem for the linguistic version. Several concepts in the case of linguistic continuum are very distinct from the natural classical real continuum. Categorically, we have three linguistic variables: one leading to a continuum, some finite and orderable set, and some not orderable. We define a linguistic plane associated with linguistic variables and give graphs associated with linguistic functions.