Linux Driver Development With Raspberry Pi Practical Labs
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Linux Driver Development With Raspberry Pi Practical Labs
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Author : Alberto de los Ríos
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2021-06-06
Linux Driver Development With Raspberry Pi Practical Labs written by Alberto de los Ríos and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-06-06 with categories.
Linux Driver Development with Raspberry Pi - Practical Labs Embedded systems have become an integral part of our daily life. They are deployed in mobile devices, networking infrastructure, home and consumer devices, digital signage, medical imaging, automotive infotainment and many other industrial applications. The use of embedded systems is growing exponentially. Many of these embedded systems are powered by an inexpensive yet powerful system-on-chip (SoC) that is running a Linux operating system. The BCM2837 from Broadcom is one of these SoCs, running quad ARM Cortex A53 cores at 1.2GHz. This is the SoC used in the popular Raspberry Pi 3 boards. This book follows the learning by doing approach, so you will be playing with your Raspberry Pi since the first chapter. Besides the Raspberry Pi board, you will use several low-cost boards to develop the hands-on examples. In the labs, it is described what each step means in detail so that you can use your own hardware components adapting the content of the book to your needs. You will learn how to develop Linux drivers for the Raspberry Pi boards. You will start with the simplest ones that do not interact with any external hardware, then you will develop Linux drivers that manage different kind of devices: Accelerometer, DAC, ADC, RGB LED, Buttons, Joystick controller, Multi-Display LED controller and I/O expanders controlled via I2C and SPI buses. You will also develop DMA drivers, USB device drivers, drivers that manage interrupts and drivers that write and read on the internal registers of the SoC to control its GPIOs. To ease the development of some of these drivers, you will use different types of Linux kernel subsystems: Miscellaneous, LED, UIO, USB, Input and Industrial I/O. More than 30 kernel modules have been written (besides several user applications), which can be downloaded from the book's GitHub repository. This book uses the Long Term Support (LTS) Linux kernel 5.4, which was released on November 2019 and will be maintained until December 2025. The Linux drivers and applications developed in the labs have been ported to three different Raspberry Pi boards: Raspberry Pi 3 Model B, Raspberry Pi 3 Model B+ and Raspberry Pi 4 Model B. This book is a learning tool to start developing drivers without any previous knowledge about this field, so the intention during its writing has been to develop drivers without a high level of complexity that both serve to reinforce the main driver development concepts and can be a starting point to help you to develop your own drivers. And, remember that the best way to develop a driver is not to write it from scratch. You can reuse free code from similar Linux kernel mainline drivers. All the drivers written throughout this book are GPL licensed, so you can modify and redistribute them under the same license.
Linux Driver Development For Embedded Processors Second Edition
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Author : Alberto de los Ríos
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018-10-31
Linux Driver Development For Embedded Processors Second Edition written by Alberto de los Ríos and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-10-31 with categories.
LINUX DRIVER DEVELOPMENT FOR EMBEDDED PROCESSORS - SECOND EDITION - The flexibility of Linux embedded, the availability of powerful, energy efficient processors designed for embedded computing and the low cost of new processors are encouraging many industrial companies to come up with new developments based on embedded processors. Current engineers have in their hands powerful tools for developing applications previously unimagined, but they need to understand the countless features that Linux offers today. This book will teach you how to develop device drivers for Device Tree Linux embedded systems. You will learn how to write different types of Linux drivers, as well as the appropriate APIs (Application Program Interfaces) and methods to interface with kernel and user spaces. This is a book is meant to be practical, but also provides an important theoretical base. More than twenty drivers are written and ported to three different processors. You can choose between NXP i.MX7D, Microchip SAMA5D2 and Broadcom BCM2837 processors to develop and test the drivers, whose implementation is described in detail in the practical lab sections of the book. Before you start reading, I encourage you to acquire any of these processor boards whenever you have access to some GPIOs, and at least one SPI and I2C controllers. The hardware configurations of the different evaluation boards used to develop the drivers are explained in detail throughout this book; one of the boards used to implement the drivers is the famous Raspberry PI 3 Model B board. You will learn how to develop drivers, from the simplest ones that do not interact with any external hardware, to drivers that manage different kind of devices: accelerometers, DACs, ADCs, RGB LEDs, Multi-Display LED controllers, I/O expanders, and Buttons. You will also develop DMA drivers, drivers that manage interrupts, and drivers that write/read on the internal registers of the processor to control external devices. To easy the development of some of these drivers, you will use different types of Frameworks: Miscellaneous framework, LED framework, UIO framework, Input framework and the IIO industrial one. This second edition has been updated to the v4.9 LTS kernel. Recently, all the drivers have been ported to the new Microchip SAMA5D27-SOM1 (SAMA5D27 System On Module) using kernel 4.14 LTS and included in the GitHub repository of this book; these drivers have been tested in the ATSAMA5D27-SOM1-EK1 evaluation platform; the ATSAMA5D27-SOM1-EK1 practice lab settings are not described throughout the text of this book, but in a practice labs user guide that can be downloaded from the book ́s GitHub.
Mastering Linux Device Driver Development
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Author : John Madieu
language : en
Publisher: Packt Publishing Ltd
Release Date : 2021-01-08
Mastering Linux Device Driver Development written by John Madieu and has been published by Packt Publishing Ltd this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-01-08 with Computers categories.
Master the art of developing customized device drivers for your embedded Linux systems Key FeaturesStay up to date with the Linux PCI, ASoC, and V4L2 subsystems and write device drivers for themGet to grips with the Linux kernel power management infrastructureAdopt a practical approach to customizing your Linux environment using best practicesBook Description Linux is one of the fastest-growing operating systems around the world, and in the last few years, the Linux kernel has evolved significantly to support a wide variety of embedded devices with its improved subsystems and a range of new features. With this book, you'll find out how you can enhance your skills to write custom device drivers for your Linux operating system. Mastering Linux Device Driver Development provides complete coverage of kernel topics, including video and audio frameworks, that usually go unaddressed. You'll work with some of the most complex and impactful Linux kernel frameworks, such as PCI, ALSA for SoC, and Video4Linux2, and discover expert tips and best practices along the way. In addition to this, you'll understand how to make the most of frameworks such as NVMEM and Watchdog. Once you've got to grips with Linux kernel helpers, you'll advance to working with special device types such as Multi-Function Devices (MFD) followed by video and audio device drivers. By the end of this book, you'll be able to write feature-rich device drivers and integrate them with some of the most complex Linux kernel frameworks, including V4L2 and ALSA for SoC. What you will learnExplore and adopt Linux kernel helpers for locking, work deferral, and interrupt managementUnderstand the Regmap subsystem to manage memory accesses and work with the IRQ subsystemGet to grips with the PCI subsystem and write reliable drivers for PCI devicesWrite full multimedia device drivers using ALSA SoC and the V4L2 frameworkBuild power-aware device drivers using the kernel power management frameworkFind out how to get the most out of miscellaneous kernel subsystems such as NVMEM and WatchdogWho this book is for This book is for embedded developers, Linux system engineers, and system programmers who want to explore Linux kernel frameworks and subsystems. C programming skills and a basic understanding of driver development are necessary to get started with this book.
Raspberry Pi Iot In C Using Linux Drivers
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Author : Harry Fairhead
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2021-02-08
Raspberry Pi Iot In C Using Linux Drivers written by Harry Fairhead and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-02-08 with Computers categories.
The Raspberry Pi makes an ideal match for the Internet of Things. To put it to good use in IoT you need two areas of expertise, electronics and programming and this presents a barrier to getting started. However, there is an overlooked route that can provide a shortcut. Pi OS, the Raspberry Pi's operating system is Linux based and Linux drivers are available for many off-the-shelf IoT devices. These provide a very easy-to-use, high-level way of working. The problem that this book solves is that there is very little documentation to help you get started. In it Harry Fairhead explains the principles so that you can tackle new devices and he also guides you through of using external hardware via standard Linux drivers. Throughout this book you will find a practical approach to understanding electronic circuits and datasheets and translating this to code, specifically using the C programming language. The main reason for choosing C is speed, a crucial factor when you are writing programs to communicate with the outside world and if you are familiar with another programming language, C shouldn't be hard to pick up. After a quick tour of the Raspberry Pi ecosystem, Visual Studio Code (VS Code) and how it can be used to develop remotely, is introduced. The first IoT program anyone writes is "blinky" to flash an LED and this book is no exception, but it might not be quite what you expect. Instead of using a GPIO line it uses the Linux LED driver - no hardware and no fuss. The GPIO isn't left out, however, as the next three chapters focus on its use via the new GPIO character driver, which replaces the old and very common sysfs GPIO driver. This is the way to do modern GPIO. A key component in any look at Linux and its relationship to hardware is the relatively new Device Tree. While most accounts of this resource are aimed at device driver writers, this one is aimed at device driver users and to this end we look at the DHT22 temperature and humidity driver. After a brief detour into some basic electronics, we look at Pulse Width Modulation supported via a driver rather than needing to be implemented using the GPIO. From here we tackle the two standard buses, I2C and SPI, first going through the basics and then looking at the two attempts to impose a higher organization, the hardware monitoring system, Hwmon, and Industrial I/O, IIO. The third standard bus, although generally not supported in hardware is the 1-Wire bus. This is covered in detail and even includes an introduction to using Netlink, which uses the sockets API to send messages to and from the kernel to access the driver. The final chapter takes things to the next level and considers creating your own custom overlays by writing fragments to the device tree. Harry Fairhead has worked with microprocessors, and electronics in general, for many years and is an enthusiastic proponent of the IoT. He is the author of Raspberry Pi IoT in C, which has recently been republished in its second edition, updated for Raspberry Pi 4 and co-author of Raspberry Pi IoT in Python Using GPIO Zero. His other recent books include Micro: bit IoT in C, Fundamental C: Getting Closer To The Machine and Applying C For The IoT With Linux.
Exploring Beaglebone
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Author : Derek Molloy
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2014-12-31
Exploring Beaglebone written by Derek Molloy and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-12-31 with Computers categories.
In-depth instruction and practical techniques for building with the BeagleBone embedded Linux platform Exploring BeagleBone is a hands-on guide to bringing gadgets, gizmos, and robots to life using the popular BeagleBone embedded Linux platform. Comprehensive content and deep detail provide more than just a BeagleBone instruction manual—you’ll also learn the underlying engineering techniques that will allow you to create your own projects. The book begins with a foundational primer on essential skills, and then gradually moves into communication, control, and advanced applications using C/C++, allowing you to learn at your own pace. In addition, the book’s companion website features instructional videos, source code, discussion forums, and more, to ensure that you have everything you need. The BeagleBone’s small size, high performance, low cost, and extreme adaptability have made it a favorite development platform, and the Linux software base allows for complex yet flexible functionality. The BeagleBone has applications in smart buildings, robot control, environmental sensing, to name a few; and, expansion boards and peripherals dramatically increase the possibilities. Exploring BeagleBone provides a reader-friendly guide to the device, including a crash course in computer engineering. While following step by step, you can: Get up to speed on embedded Linux, electronics, and programming Master interfacing electronic circuits, buses and modules, with practical examples Explore the Internet-connected BeagleBone and the BeagleBone with a display Apply the BeagleBone to sensing applications, including video and sound Explore the BeagleBone’s Programmable Real-Time Controllers Hands-on learning helps ensure that your new skills stay with you, allowing you to design with electronics, modules, or peripherals even beyond the BeagleBone. Insightful guidance and online peer support help you transition from beginner to expert as you master the techniques presented in Exploring BeagleBone, the practical handbook for the popular computing platform.
Raspberry Pi Iot In Python Using Linux Drivers
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Author : Mike James
language : en
Publisher: I/O Press
Release Date : 2021-03-14
Raspberry Pi Iot In Python Using Linux Drivers written by Mike James and has been published by I/O Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-03-14 with categories.
The Raspberry Pi makes an ideal match for the Internet of Things. To put it to good use in IoT you need two areas of expertise, electronics and programming, and this presents a barrier to getting started. However, there is an overlooked route that can provide a shortcut. Pi OS, the Raspberry Pi's operating system, is Linux- based and Linux drivers are available for many off-the-shelf IoT devices. These provide a very easy-to-use, high-level, way of working. The problem that this book solves is that there is very little documentation to help you get started. Throughout this book you will find a practical approach to understanding electronic circuits and datasheets and translating this to code, specifically using Python. Python is an excellent language for learning about the IoT or physical computing. It might not be as fast as C, but it is much easier to use for complex data processing. The emphasis in this book is on understanding how things work so that you can apply your new knowledge to your own projects. You can use any Python development system that you know, but the programs in the book have been developed using Visual Studio Code and its remote development facilities. The first IoT program anyone writes is "Blinky" to flash an LED and this book is no exception, but it might not be quite what you expect. Instead of using a GPIO line, it uses the Linux LED driver - no hardware and no fuss. The GPIO isn't left out, however, as the next three chapters focus on its use via the new GPIO character driver, which replaces the old and very common sysfs GPIO driver. This is the way to do modern GPIO. A key component in any look at Linux and its relationship to hardware is the relatively new Device Tree. While most accounts of this resource are aimed at device driver writers, this one is aimed at device driver users and to this end we look at several devices, including the DHT22 temperature and humidity sensor. After a brief detour into some basic electronics, we see how Pulse Width Modulation is supported via a driver. From here we tackle the two standard buses, I2C and SPI, first going through the basics and then looking at the two attempts to impose a higher organization, the hardware monitoring system, Hwmon, and Industrial I/O, IIO. The third standard bus, although generally not supported in hardware, is the 1-Wire bus. This is covered in detail and even includes an introduction to using Netlink, which uses the sockets API to send messages to and from the kernel to access the driver. The final chapter takes things to the next level and considers creating your own custom overlays by writing fragments to the device tree. This is the second title jointly authored by Harry Fairhead and Mike James and can be seen as the alternative approach to that outlined in Raspberry Pi IoT In Python Using GPIO Zero. For both books, Harry brings his expertise in electronics and the IoT and Mike contributes the Python code. Harry Fairhead is the author of other IoT-related titles including Raspberry Pi IoT in C, Second Edition; Micro: bit IoT in C, Second Edition; Applying C For The IoT With Linux and Fundamental C: Getting Closer To The Machine. Mike James is the author of Programmer's Python: Everything is an Object and other programming and computer science titles in the I Programmer Library.
Linux Device Drivers Development
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Author : John Madieu
language : en
Publisher: Packt Publishing Ltd
Release Date : 2017-10-20
Linux Device Drivers Development written by John Madieu and has been published by Packt Publishing Ltd this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-10-20 with Computers categories.
Learn to develop customized device drivers for your embedded Linux system About This Book Learn to develop customized Linux device drivers Learn the core concepts of device drivers such as memory management, kernel caching, advanced IRQ management, and so on. Practical experience on the embedded side of Linux Who This Book Is For This book will help anyone who wants to get started with developing their own Linux device drivers for embedded systems. Embedded Linux users will benefit highly from this book. This book covers all about device driver development, from char drivers to network device drivers to memory management. What You Will Learn Use kernel facilities to develop powerful drivers Develop drivers for widely used I2C and SPI devices and use the regmap API Write and support devicetree from within your drivers Program advanced drivers for network and frame buffer devices Delve into the Linux irqdomain API and write interrupt controller drivers Enhance your skills with regulator and PWM frameworks Develop measurement system drivers with IIO framework Get the best from memory management and the DMA subsystem Access and manage GPIO subsystems and develop GPIO controller drivers In Detail Linux kernel is a complex, portable, modular and widely used piece of software, running on around 80% of servers and embedded systems in more than half of devices throughout the World. Device drivers play a critical role in how well a Linux system performs. As Linux has turned out to be one of the most popular operating systems used, the interest in developing proprietary device drivers is also increasing steadily. This book will initially help you understand the basics of drivers as well as prepare for the long journey through the Linux Kernel. This book then covers drivers development based on various Linux subsystems such as memory management, PWM, RTC, IIO, IRQ management, and so on. The book also offers a practical approach on direct memory access and network device drivers. By the end of this book, you will be comfortable with the concept of device driver development and will be in a position to write any device driver from scratch using the latest kernel version (v4.13 at the time of writing this book). Style and approach A set of engaging examples to develop Linux device drivers
Raspberry Pi Iot In C Using Linux Drivers 2nd Edition
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Author : Harry Fairhead
language : en
Publisher: I/O Press
Release Date : 2024-01-27
Raspberry Pi Iot In C Using Linux Drivers 2nd Edition written by Harry Fairhead and has been published by I/O Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-01-27 with Computers categories.
The Raspberry Pi makes an ideal match for the Internet of Things. To put it to good use in IoT you need two areas of expertise, electronics and programming and this presents a barrier to getting started. However, there is an overlooked route that can provide a shortcut. Pi OS, the Raspberry Pi's operating system is Linux based and Linux drivers are available for many off-the-shelf IoT devices. These provide a very easy-to-use, high-level way of working. The problem that this book solves is that there is very little documentation to help you get started. In it Harry Fairhead explains the principles so that you can tackle new devices and he also guides you through using external hardware via standard Linux drivers. Throughout this book you will find a practical approach to understanding electronic circuits and datasheets and translating this to code, specifically using the C programming language. This second edition was prompted by the advent of the Pi 5, welcomed as the fastest member of the Raspberry Pi family. What came as a shock is that, from the point of view of IoT, it is incompatible with all other Raspberry Pis due to the use of a custom chip. Luckily, although the Pi 5 cannot work with the standard IoT libraries it does behave in the same way under Linux drivers and so this new book does include the Pi 5 on an equal footing. Coverage also includes the Pi Zero 2W, which has a quad-core chip making it more capable than both the original Pi Zero and the WiFi-enabled Pi ZeroW. After a quick tour of the Raspberry Pi ecosystem, Visual Studio Code (VS Code) and how it can be used to develop remotely, is introduced. The first IoT program anyone writes is "blinky" to flash an LED and this book is no exception, but it might not be quite what you expect. Instead of using a GPIO line it uses the Linux LED driver - no hardware and no fuss. The GPIO isn't left out, however, as the next three chapters focus on its use via the new GPIO character driver. A key component in any look at Linux and its relationship to hardware is the device tree. While most accounts of this resource are aimed at device driver writers, this one is aimed at device driver users and to this end we look at the DHT22 temperature and humidity driver. After a brief detour into some basic electronics, we look at Pulse Width Modulation supported via a driver rather than needing to be implemented using the GPIO. From here we tackle the two standard buses, I2C and SPI, first going through the basics and then looking at the two attempts to impose a higher organization, the hardware monitoring system, hwmon, and Industrial I/O, IIO. We also look at the 1-Wire bus. The final chapter takes things to the next level and considers creating your own custom overlays by writing fragments to the device tree. Harry Fairhead has worked with microprocessors and electronics in general for many years and is an enthusiastic proponent of the IoT. C is his programming language of choice and he has written several books on programming the Raspberry Pi and other devices in an IOT context, including Raspberry Pi IoT In C, 3rd Edition, Programming the Raspberry Pi Pico/W in C, 2nd Edition, Programming the ESP32 in MicroPython and Fundamental C: Getting Closer To The Machine.
Raspberry Pi Iot In Python Using Linux Drivers 2nd Edition
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Author : Mike James
language : en
Publisher: I/O Press
Release Date : 2024-01-23
Raspberry Pi Iot In Python Using Linux Drivers 2nd Edition written by Mike James and has been published by I/O Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-01-23 with Computers categories.
The Raspberry Pi makes an ideal match for the Internet of Things. To put it to good use in IoT you need two areas of expertise, electronics and programming, and this presents a barrier to getting started. However, there is an overlooked route that can provide a shortcut. Pi OS, the Raspberry Pi's operating system, is Linux- based and Linux drivers are available for many off-the-shelf IoT devices. Using Linux drivers saves the effort of implementing low-level code and has the advantage of working the same on all versions of the Pi, including the recently launched Pi 5 which isn't hardware compatible with earlier versions. This Second Edition has been updated to cover the Pi 5 and also the Pi Zero 2W, which is an ideal candidate for use in IoT projects. It has also been updated to use the latest versions of Pi OS, Bullseye and Bookworm. Throughout this book you will find a practical approach to understanding electronic circuits and datasheets and translating this to code, specifically using Python and VS Code. The first IoT program anyone writes is "Blinky" to flash an LED and this book is no exception, but it might not be quite what you expect. Instead of using a GPIO line driver, it uses the Linux LED driver. The GPIO isn't left out, however, as the next three chapters focus on its use via the GPIO character driver, which replaces the old, but very common, sysfs GPIO driver. This is the way to do modern GPIO. A key component in any look at Linux and its relationship to hardware is the relatively new Device Tree. While most accounts of this resource are aimed at device driver writers, this one is aimed at device driver users and to this end we look at several devices, including the DHT22 temperature and humidity sensor. After a brief detour into some basic electronics, we see how Pulse Width Modulation is supported via a driver. From here we tackle the two standard buses, I2C and SPI, first going through the basics and then looking at the two attempts to impose a higher organization, the hardware monitoring system, hwmon, and Industrial I/O, IIO. The 1-Wire bus is also covered in detail. The final chapter takes things to the next level and considers creating your own custom overlays by writing fragments to the device tree. Harry Fairhead's other books include Applying C For The IoT With Linux; Programming the Raspberry Pi Pico/W, 2nd Ed, Raspberry Pi IoT in C, 3rd Ed, Raspberry Pi IoT in C Using Linux Drivers, 2nd Ed, Programming the Raspberry Pi Pico/W, 2nd Ed and Programming the ESP32 in MicroPython. Mike James is the author of the Programmer's Python: Something Completely Different series of books and several other programming and computer science titles in the I Programmer Library.
Easy Linux Device Driver Second Edition
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Author : Mahesh Sambhaji Jadhav
language : en
Publisher: Mahesh Jadhav
Release Date : 2014-03-13
Easy Linux Device Driver Second Edition written by Mahesh Sambhaji Jadhav and has been published by Mahesh Jadhav this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-03-13 with Computers categories.
Easy Linux Device Driver : First Step Towards Device Driver Programming Easy Linux Device Driver book is an easy and friendly way of learning device driver programming . Book contains all latest programs along with output screen screenshots. Highlighting important sections and stepwise approach helps for quick understanding of programming . Book contains Linux installation ,Hello world program up to USB 3.0 ,Display Driver ,PCI device driver programming concepts in stepwise approach. Program gives best understanding of theoretical and practical fundamentals of Linux device driver. Beginners should start learning Linux device driver from this book to become device driver expertise. Topics covered: Introduction of Linux Advantages of Linux History of Linux Architecture of Linux Definations Ubuntu installation Ubuntu Installation Steps User Interface Difference About KNOPPIX Important links Terminal: Soul of Linux Creating Root account Terminal Commands Virtual Editor Commands Linux Kernel Linux Kernel Internals Kernel Space and User space Device Driver Place of Driver in System Device Driver working Characteristics of Device Driver Module Commands Hello World Program pre-settings Write Program Printk function Makefile Run program Parameter passing Parameter passing program Parameter Array Process related program Process related program Character Device Driver Major and Minor number API to registers a device Program to show device number Character Driver File Operations File operation program. Include .h header Functions in module.h file Important code snippets Summary of file operations PCI Device Driver Direct Memory Access Module Device Table Code for Basic Device Driver Important code snippets USB Device Driver Fundamentals Architecture of USB device driver USB Device Driver program Structure of USB Device Driver Parts of USB end points Importent features USB information Driver USB device Driver File Operations Using URB Simple data transfer Program to read and write Important code snippets Gadget Driver Complete USB Device Driver Program Skeleton Driver Program Special USB 3.0 USB 3.0 Port connection Bulk endpoint streaming Stream ID Device Driver Lock Mutual Exclusion Semaphore Spin Lock Display Device Driver Frame buffer concept Framebuffer Data Structure Check and set Parameter Accelerated Method Display Driver summary Memory Allocation Kmalloc Vmalloc Ioremap Interrupt Handling interrupt registration Proc interface Path of interrupt Programming Tips Softirqs, Tasklets, Work Queues I/O Control Introducing ioctl Prototype Stepwise execution of ioctl Sample Device Driver Complete memory Driver Complete Parallel Port Driver Device Driver Debugging Data Display Debugger Graphical Display Debugger Kernel Graphical Debugger Appendix I Exported Symbols Kobjects, Ksets, and Subsystems DMA I/O