Liquid Transportation Fuels From Coal And Biomass
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Liquid Transportation Fuels From Coal And Biomass
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2010-01-24
Liquid Transportation Fuels From Coal And Biomass written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-01-24 with Science categories.
The transportation sector cannot continue on its current path: The volatility of oil prices threatens the U.S. economy, the large proportion of oil importation threatens U.S. energy security, and the massive contribution of greenhouse gases threatens the environment. The development of domestic sources of alternative transportation fuels with lower greenhouse emissions is now a national imperative. Coal and biomass are in abundant supply in the United States and can be converted to liquid fuels that can be combusted in existing and future vehicles. Their abundant supply makes them attractive candidates to provide non-oil-based liquid fuels to the U.S. transportation system. However, there are important questions about the economic viability, carbon impact, and technology status of these options. Liquid Transportation Fuels from Coal and Biomass provides a snapshot of the potential costs of liquid fuels from biomass by biochemical conversion and from biomass and coal by thermochemical conversion. Policy makers, investors, leaders in industry, the transportation sector, and others with a concern for the environment, economy, and energy security will look to this book as a roadmap to independence from foreign oil. With immediate action and sustained effort, alternative liquid fuels can be available in the 2020 time frame, if or when the nation needs them.
Liquid Transportation Fuels From Coal And Biomass
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2009
Liquid Transportation Fuels From Coal And Biomass written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with Biomass energy categories.
"The transportation sector cannot continue on its current path: The volatility of oil prices threatens the U.S. economy, the large proportion of oil importation threatens U.S. energy security, and the massive contribution of greenhouse gases threatens the environment. The development of domestic sources of alternative transportation fuels with lower greenhouse emissions is now a national imperative. Coal and biomass are in abundant supply in the United States and can be converted to liquid fuels that can be combusted in existing and future vehicles. Their abundant supply makes them attractive candidates to provide non-oil-based liquid fuels to the U.S. transportation system. However, there are important questions about the economic viability, carbon impact, and technology status of these options. Liquid Transportation Fuels from Coal and Biomass provides a snapshot of the potential costs of liquid fuels from biomass by biochemical conversion and from biomass and coal by thermochemical conversion. Policy makers, investors, leaders in industry, the transportation sector, and others with a concern for the environment, economy, and energy security will look to this book as a roadmap to independence from foreign oil. With immediate action and sustained effort, alternative liquid fuels can be available in the 2020 time frame, if or when the nation needs them"--P. [4] of cover.
The Benefits And Challenges Of Producing Liquid Fuel From Coal
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Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science and Technology (2007). Subcommittee on Energy and Environment
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008
The Benefits And Challenges Of Producing Liquid Fuel From Coal written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science and Technology (2007). Subcommittee on Energy and Environment and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with Business & Economics categories.
Producing Liquid Fuels From Coal
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Author : James T. Bartis
language : en
Publisher: Rand Corporation
Release Date : 2008
Producing Liquid Fuels From Coal written by James T. Bartis and has been published by Rand Corporation this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with Political Science categories.
Record-high world oil prices have prompted renewed interest in producing liquid fuels from coal. The United States leads the world in recoverable coal reserves. Moreover, the technology for converting coal to liquid fuels already exists, and production costs appear competitive at world oil prices well below current levels. Yet, despite its promise, private investment in coal-to-liquids (CTL) technology is being impeded by three uncertainties: where oil prices are heading, what it actually costs to produce coal-derived fuels, and how greenhouse-gas emissions will be regulated. A domestic CTL industry could produce as much as three million barrels per day of transportation fuels by 2030. Having such an industry would yield important energy security benefits, most notably a lowering of world oil prices and a decrease in wealth transfers from oil users to oil producers. But establishing a large CTL industry also raises important policy and environmental issues associated with climate change, coal mining, and water consumption. Weighing both benefits and costs, it makes sense for the United States to pursue an insurance or hedge strategy that promotes the early construction and operation of a limited number of commercial CTL plants. This book presents an in-depth review of the prospects of and policy, governance, and environmental issues associated with establishing a CTL industry in the United States. -- provided by publisher.
Fuels To Drive Our Future
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 1990-01-01
Fuels To Drive Our Future written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1990-01-01 with Science categories.
The American love affair with the automobile is powered by gasoline and diesel fuel, both produced from petroleum. But experts are turning more of their attention to alternative sources of liquid transportation fuels, as concerns mount about U.S. dependence on foreign oil, falling domestic oil production, and the environment. This book explores the potential for producing liquid transportation fuels by enhanced oil recovery from existing reservoirs, and processing resources such as coal, oil shale, tar sands, natural gas, and other promising approaches. Fuels to Drive Our Future draws together relevant geological, technical, economic, and environmental factors and recommends specific directions for U.S. research and development efforts on alternative fuel sources. Of special interest is the book's benchmark cost analysis comparing several major alternative fuel production processes. This volume will be of special interest to executives and engineers in the automotive and fuel industries, policymakers, environmental and alternative fuel specialists, energy economists, and researchers.
Fischer Tropsch Fuels From Coal Natural Gas And Biomass
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008
Fischer Tropsch Fuels From Coal Natural Gas And Biomass written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with Carbon monoxide categories.
As the price of crude oil sets a record high, liquid transportation fuels synthesized from coal, natural gas, and biomass are proposed as one solution to reducing dependency on imported petroleum and strained refinery capacity. The technology to do so developed from processes that directly and indirectly convert coal into liquid fuel. Congress now faces decisions on whether, and to what extent, it should support such a solution. Lacking domestic petroleum resources, but abundant in coal, Germany built synthetic fuel plants during World War II that employed the Bergius coal hydrogenation process (direct liquefaction), and Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (indirect). The United States attempted to capitalize on the German experience after World War II. Despite considerable investment in synthetic fuel research and development, the United States cut support for commercialization when crude oil prices dropped and supplies stabilized in the mid-1980s. Since then, several synthetic fuels plants have been constructed around the world that convert coal, natural gas, or biomass to liquid fuels using the Fischer-Tropsch process. Several private ventures in the United States are now studying the feasibility of constructing Fischer-Tropsch synthetic fuel plants based on coal, natural gas, and biomass. Proposals to expand the use of coal to synthesize transportation fuels have generated much opposition, particularly because the carbon dioxide (CO2) produced in the Fischer-Tropsch process is a greenhouse gas associated with global warming. Also, opponents claim that coal-based synthesis, in particular, is inefficient and thus prohibitively expensive. Proponents counter that Fischer-Tropsch technology provides a means of capturing carbon dioxide for geological sequestration (though a promising solution, sequestration remains unproven on an industrial scale) and that it appears economically viable in a sustained crude oil price range above $40 to $45 per barrel. Fischer-Tropsch synthesis is well suited to producing middle-distillate range fuels like diesel and jet. The diesel produced is superior to conventionally refined diesel in terms of higher cetane-number and low sulfur content. Overall, middle distillate fuels represent roughly a quarter of U.S. refinery production, which is primarily driven by the demand for gasoline. In order for a synthetic fuels industry (whether coal, natural gas, or biomass based) to begin rivaling or even supplanting conventional petroleum refining, a major shift in transportation mode toward diesel engine light-passenger vehicles would have to occur. Coal-to-liquids would also compete for the same resources needed for electric power generation, and the rail capacity currently supporting their demand. Recent energy legislation promotes research on capturing and storing greenhouse gas emissions and improving vehicle fuel efficiency, among other goals. Fisher-Tropsch fuels present the paradox of high carbon emissions associated with production versus lower carbon emissions associated with their use.
Increasing Security And Reducing Carbon Emissions Of The U S Transportation Sector
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Author : David Gray
language : en
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
Release Date : 2010-03
Increasing Security And Reducing Carbon Emissions Of The U S Transportation Sector written by David Gray and has been published by DIANE Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-03 with Technology & Engineering categories.
The USAF has a goal to supply 50%t of its fuel requirements from domestic synthetic sources by 2016. This study had 2 objectives. The first was to develop a coal-biomass-to-liquids (CBTL) plant design that is potentially capable of co-gasifying mixtures of coal and biomass to produce a clean synthesis gas that can then be sent to Fischer-Tropsch units for synthesis of clean diesel, jet and naphtha liquid fuels. The second objective was to develop a CBTL pathway for diesel fuel production that has the potential of providing 100,000 BPD of synthetic fuel with the requirement that carbon dioxide emissions should be less than those from conventional petroleum. Three biomass types were selected for study: woody biomass, switchgrass, and corn stover. Illus.
Handbook Of Fuels
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Author : Barbara Elvers
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2021-12-20
Handbook Of Fuels written by Barbara Elvers and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-12-20 with Technology & Engineering categories.
A guide to industrially relevant products and processes for transportation fuels The Handbook of Fuels offers a comprehensive review of the wide variety of fuels used to power vehicles, aircraft and ships and examines the processes to produce these fuels. The updated second edition reflects the growing importance of fuels and fuel additives from renewable sources. New chapters include information on current production technology and use of bioethanol, biomethanol and biomass-to-liquid fuels. The book also reviews novel additives and performanace enhancers for conventional engines and fuels for novel bybrid engines. This comprehensive resource contains critical information on the legal, safety, and environmental issues associated with the production and use of fuels as well as reviewing important secondary aspects of the use and production of fuels. This authoritative guide includes contributions from authors who are long-standing contributors to the Ullmann's Encyclopedia, the world's most trusted reference for industrial chemistry. This important guide: Contains an updated edition of the authoritative resource to the production and use of fuels used for transportation Includes information that has been selected to reflect only commercially relevant products and processes Presents contributions from a team of noted experts in the field Offers the most recent developments in fuels and additives from renewable sources Written for professionals in the fields of fossil and renewable fuels, engine design, and transportation, Handbook of Fuels is the comprehensive resource that has been revised to reflect the recent developments in fuels used for transportation.
Alternative Transportation Fuels
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Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on Energy and Air Quality
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008
Alternative Transportation Fuels written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on Energy and Air Quality and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Thermochemical Processing Of Biomass
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Author : Robert C. Brown
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2019-05-28
Thermochemical Processing Of Biomass written by Robert C. Brown and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-05-28 with Science categories.
A comprehensive examination of the large number of possible pathways for converting biomass into fuels and power through thermochemical processes Bringing together a widely scattered body of information into a single volume, this book provides complete coverage of the many ways that thermochemical processes are used to transform biomass into fuels, chemicals and power. Fully revised and updated, this new edition highlights the substantial progress and recent developments that have been made in this rapidly growing field since publication of the first edition and incorporates up-to-date information in each chapter. Thermochemical Processing of Biomass: Conversion into Fuels, Chemicals and Power, 2nd Edition incorporates two new chapters covering: condensed phased reactions of thermal deconstruction of biomass and life cycle analysis of thermochemical processing systems. It offers a new introductory chapter that provides a more comprehensive overview of thermochemical technologies. The book also features fresh perspectives from new authors covering such evolving areas as solvent liquefaction and hybrid processing. Other chapters cover combustion, gasification, fast pyrolysis, upgrading of syngas and bio-oil to liquid transportation fuels, and the economics of thermochemically producing fuels and power, and more. Features contributions by a distinguished group of European and American researchers offering a broad and unified description of thermochemical processing options for biomass Combines an overview of the current status of thermochemical biomass conversion as well as engineering aspects to appeal to the broadest audience Edited by one of Biofuels Digest’s "Top 100 People" in bioenergy for six consecutive years Thermochemical Processing of Biomass: Conversion into Fuels, Chemicals and Power, 2nd Edition will appeal to all academic researchers, process chemists, and engineers working in the field of biomass conversion to fuels and chemicals. It is also an excellent book for graduate and advanced undergraduate students studying biomass, biofuels, renewable resources, and energy and power generation.