Lithuania 700 Years
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Lithuania 700 Years
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Author : Albertas Gerutis
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1969
Lithuania 700 Years written by Albertas Gerutis and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1969 with Lithuania categories.
"Lithuania 700 Years" explores the nation's history from its undecided origins to its struggle for independence. The Lithuanians have been linked to various ancient peoples including the Romans, Greeks, Alans, Herulli, Thracians, Goths, and others. Numerous ethnogenetic theories have evolved, with some of the oldest theories based on comparisons of languages and religious customs, while others dealt with the subject in an more academic manner. The Liths, or Lithuanians, united in the 12th century under the rule of Mindaugas, who became king in 1251. Through marriage, one of the later Lithuanian rulers became the king of Poland (Ladislaus II) in 1386, uniting the countries. In 1410, the Poles and Lithuanians defeated the powerful Teutonic Knights at Tannenberg. From the 14th to the 16th century, Poland and Lithuania made up one of medieval Europe's largest empires, stretching from the Black Sea almost to Moscow. The two countries formed a confederation for almost 200 years, and in 1569 they formally united. Russia, Prussia, and Austria partitioned Poland in 1772, 1792, and 1795. As a consequence, Lithuania came under Russian rule after the last partition. Russia attempted to immerse Lithuania in Russian culture and language, but anti-Russian sentiment continued to grow. Following World War I and the collapse of Russia, Lithuania declared independence (1918), under German protection. The republic was then annexed by the Soviet Union in 1940. From June 1941 to 1944, it was occupied by German troops, with whom Lithuania served in World War II. Some 240,000 Jews were massacred in Lithuania during the Nazi years. In 1944, the Soviets again annexed Lithuania.
Lithuania 700 Years
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Author : Albertas Gerutis
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1984
Lithuania 700 Years written by Albertas Gerutis and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1984 with History categories.
Lithuania
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Author : Alexandra Ashbourne
language : en
Publisher: Lexington Books
Release Date : 1999
Lithuania written by Alexandra Ashbourne and has been published by Lexington Books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with History categories.
In 1990, the tiny Soviet Republic of Lithuania declared independence and began restoring the mechanisms of independent government and democracy that had been suppressed by its Soviet invaders for half a century. Lithuania examines the first years of this rebirth in the face of the legacy of the Soviet occupation. In addition to chronicling the lively chain of events leading to and stemming from the declaration of independence, Alexandra Ashbourne studies the essential components of rebirth: the creation of domestic, foreign, and security policies and the revitalization of an independent economy. Drawing from the personal testimony of Lithuanians closely connected to these events, Ashbourne appraises Lithuania's attempts to rejoin the international community and acquire an effective security guarantee. She concludes that the damage caused by fifty years of Soviet domination created obstacles to the process of rebirth, obstacles that are proving difficult and even impossible to overcome. Readers of Lithuania will find its discussions applicable to most former Soviet republics and Eastern Bloc states. The book will be invaluable to students and scholars of Lithuania, Soviet history, and international political policy.
Historical Dictionary Of Lithuania
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Author : Saulius A. Suziedelis
language : en
Publisher: Scarecrow Press
Release Date : 2011-02-07
Historical Dictionary Of Lithuania written by Saulius A. Suziedelis and has been published by Scarecrow Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-02-07 with History categories.
The second edition of the Historical Dictionary of Lithuania will serve as a useful introduction to virtually all aspects of Lithuania's historical experience, including the country's relations with its neighbors. This is done through a chronology, an introductory essay, an extensive bibliography, and over 300 cross-referenced dictionary entries on significant persons, places, and events; institutions and organizations; and political, economic, social, cultural, and religious facets.
Northern Europe
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Author : Trudy Ring
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2013-10-28
Northern Europe written by Trudy Ring and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-10-28 with Science categories.
First published in 1996. Volume 2 of the International Dictionary of Historical Places covers Northern Europe (British Isles to Russia), out of a set of five. The dictionary spans from Aachen to Ypres and includes an index by country. This five-volume set presents some 1,000 comprehensive and fully illustrated histories of the most famous sites in the world. Entries include location, description, and site details, and a 3,000- to 4,000-word essay that provides a full history of the site and its condition today. An annotated further reading list of books and articles about the site completes each entry.
Congressional Record
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Author : United States. Congress
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1972
Congressional Record written by United States. Congress and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1972 with Law categories.
The Congressional Record is the official record of the proceedings and debates of the United States Congress. It is published daily when Congress is in session. The Congressional Record began publication in 1873. Debates for sessions prior to 1873 are recorded in The Debates and Proceedings in the Congress of the United States (1789-1824), the Register of Debates in Congress (1824-1837), and the Congressional Globe (1833-1873)
Freedom For Lithuania Lithuania S Independence Day In The Congress Of The United States 38th Anniversary February 16 1956
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Author : United States. Congress
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1956
Freedom For Lithuania Lithuania S Independence Day In The Congress Of The United States 38th Anniversary February 16 1956 written by United States. Congress and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1956 with Lithuania categories.
Undigested Past
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Author : Robert van Voren
language : en
Publisher: Rodopi
Release Date : 2011
Undigested Past written by Robert van Voren and has been published by Rodopi this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with History categories.
Preliminary Material -- Introduction -- Acknowledgements -- Lithuanian Historical Background -- Origins of Anti-Semitism -- Jewish Life in Lithuania between World Wars -- The Holocaust in Lithuania -- Issues of Compliance and Collaboration -- The Human Dimension -- Why Did it Happen? -- From Black and White to Shades of Grey -- Conclusion -- Bibliography -- Index of Names -- About the Author.
Lithuania
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Author : Thomas Lane
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2014-04-08
Lithuania written by Thomas Lane and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-04-08 with Political Science categories.
Lithuania restored her independence, after half a century of Soviet occupation, in the immediate aftermath of the failed Moscow coup in August 1991. As the multi-national Soviet state disintegrated, Lithuania evolved, without war or violence, from a communist state and a command economy to a liberal democracy, a free market, and a society guaranteeing human and minority rights. Lithuania therefore offers a notable example of peaceful transition, all the more impressive in the light of the bloody conflict elsewhere in the former Soviet Union of Yugoslavia, where the aspirations to independence of the constituent republics were either violently resisted or dissolved into inter-ethnic violence. Equally remarkable has been Lithuania's determination to 'return to Europe' after half a century of separation, even at the price of submerging its recently restored sovereign rights in the supranational European Union. The cost of membership in western economic and security organizations are judged to be worth paying to prevent Lithuania's being drawn once again into a putative Russian sphere of influence. On the threshold of a new millennium therefore, Lithuania has made a pragmatic accommodation to the demands of becoming a modern European state, whilst vigorously resisting the dilution of her rich cultural and historical traditions. These twin themes of accommodation and resistance are Lithuania's historical legacy to the current generations of Lithuanians as they integrate into European institutions and continue the modernization process.
Modernism And American Mid 20th Century Sacred Architecture
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Author : Anat Geva
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2018-10-08
Modernism And American Mid 20th Century Sacred Architecture written by Anat Geva and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-10-08 with Architecture categories.
Mid-20th century sacred architecture in America sought to bridge modernism with religion by abstracting cultural and faith traditions and pushing the envelope in the design of houses of worship. Modern architects embraced the challenges of creating sacred spaces that incorporated liturgical changes, evolving congregations, modern architecture, and innovations in building technology. The book describes the unique context and design aspects of the departure from historicism, and the renewal of heritage and traditions with ground-breaking structural features, deliberate optical effects and modern aesthetics. The contributions, from a pre-eminent group of scholars and practitioners from the US, Australia, and Europe are based on original archival research, historical documents, and field visits to the buildings discussed. Investigating how the authority of the divine was communicated through new forms of architectural design, these examinations map the materiality of liturgical change and communal worship during the mid-20th century.