Local Justice In America
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Local Justice In America
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Author : Jon Elster
language : en
Publisher: Russell Sage Foundation
Release Date : 1995-11-16
Local Justice In America written by Jon Elster and has been published by Russell Sage Foundation this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995-11-16 with Political Science categories.
Notions of justice and fairness are central to the American belief that the pursuit of a healthy and productive life is the right of all citizens. Yet in the real world there are seldom sufficient resources to meet the needs of everyone, and institutions are routinely forced to make difficult decisions regarding who will be favored and who will not. Local Justice in America is an insightful look into how selections are made in four critical areas: college admissions, kidney transplants, employee layoffs, and legalized immigration. This volume's case studies survey the history and modern rationale behind seemingly enigmatic allocation systems, chronicling the political and ethical debates, occasional scandals, and judicial battles that have shaped them. Though these selection processes differ significantly, each reflects a bitter struggle between opposing—and equally intense—principles of local justice. For example, are admissions officers who use special points to foster student diversity less fair than those who rely exclusively on scholastic achievement? How did the system of personal discretion among doctors selecting transplant patients come to be viewed by the public as more inequitable than compassionate? Does the use of seniority as a gauge in layoffs violate equal opportunity laws or provide employers with their only objective and neutral criterion? How have partisan interest groups repeatedly shifted immigration quotas between the extremes of xenophobia and altruism? In framing chapters, editor Jon Elster draws upon these studies to speculate on the unique nature of the American value system. Arguing that race matters deeply in all considerations of local justice, he discusses how our society's assessment of neediness balances on the often uneasy compromises between the desire to reward deserving individuals and the call to strengthen opportunities for disadvantaged groups. Well informed and stimulating, Local Justice in America speaks directly to policy debates in the fields of health, education, work, and immigration, and makes an important contribution to our understanding of the fundamental social issues that affect our daily welfare.
Local Justice
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Author : Jon Elster
language : en
Publisher: Russell Sage Foundation
Release Date : 1992-05-14
Local Justice written by Jon Elster and has been published by Russell Sage Foundation this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992-05-14 with Political Science categories.
The well-being of individuals routinely depends on their success in obtaining goods and avoiding burdens distributed by society. Local Justice offers the first systematic analysis of the principles and procedures used in dispensing "local justice" in situations as varied as the admission of students to college, the choice of patients for organ transplants, the selection of workers for layoffs, and the induction of men into the army. A prominent theorist in the field of rational choice and decision making, Jon Elster develops a rich selection of empirical examples and case studies to demonstrate the diversity of procedures used by institutions that mete out local justice. From this revealing material Elster fashions a conceptual framework for understanding why institutions make these crucial allocations in the ways they do. Elster's investigation discloses the many complex and varied approaches of such decision-making bodies as selective service and adoption agencies, employers and universities, prison and immigration authorities. What are the conflicting demands placed on these institutions by the needs of applicants, the recommendations of external agencies, and their own organizational imperatives? Often, as Elster shows, methods of allocation may actually aggravate social problems. For instance, the likelihood that handicapped or minority infants will be adopted is further decreased when agencies apply the same stringent screening criteria—exclusion of people over forty, single parents, working wives, and low-income families—that they use for more sought-after babies. Elster proposes a classification of the main principles and procedures used to match goods with individuals, charts the interactions among these mechanisms of local justice, and evaluates them in terms of fairness and efficiency. From his empirical groundwork, Elster builds an innovative analysis of the historical processes by which, at given times and under given circumstances, preferences become principles and principles become procedures. Local Justice concludes with a comparison of local justice systems with major contemporary theories of social justice—utilitarianism, John Rawls's A Theory of Justice, Robert Nozick's Anarchy, State, and Utopia—and discusses the "common-sense conception of justice" held by professional decision makers such as lawyers, economists, and politicians. The difference between what we say about justice and how we actually dispense it is the illuminating principle behind Elster's book. A perceptive and cosmopolitan study, Local Justice is a seminal work for all those concerned with the formation of ethical policy and social welfare—philosophers, economists, political scientists, health care professionals, policy makers, and educators.
All Justice Is Local
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Author : Mark Ungar
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1997*
All Justice Is Local written by Mark Ungar and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997* with Democracy categories.
Crime And Justice In America
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Author : Leonard Territo
language : en
Publisher: Prentice Hall
Release Date : 2004
Crime And Justice In America written by Leonard Territo and has been published by Prentice Hall this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Crime categories.
This volume it the most comprehensive, current and applied introduction to criminal justice in the field today. The authors' collective criminal justice experience as jail administrators, police administrators, attorneys, educators and trainers provides a unique perspective into relevant criminal justice topics. The book provides real world examples with a focus on the human dimension within the major components of the Criminal Justice System that illuminate the abstract aspects of the material. The authors examine crime and justice in America, the substantive criminal law, the law of criminal procedure and the rights of the criminally accused, the nature and distribution of crime and its victims, police operations, issues and trends in policing, the dynamics of the criminal court, pretrial procedures, the criminal trial, sentencing, appeals, and the death penalty, jails and detention, correctional institutions, probation, parole, and community corrections, juvenile justice, and drugs, crime and the criminal justice system. For individuals interested in a comprehensive look at America's criminal justice system.
Summary Of State And Local Justice Initiatives
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Author : American Bar Association. Ad Hoc Committee on State Justice Initiatives
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1996
Summary Of State And Local Justice Initiatives written by American Bar Association. Ad Hoc Committee on State Justice Initiatives and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996 with Court administration categories.
The Politics Of Local Justice
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Author : James Richard Klonoski
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1970
The Politics Of Local Justice written by James Richard Klonoski and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1970 with Criminal justice, Administration of categories.
The Local And General Context Of The Central American Court Of Justice
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Author : Lawrence A. Howard
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1984
The Local And General Context Of The Central American Court Of Justice written by Lawrence A. Howard and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1984 with categories.
The Collapse Of American Criminal Justice
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Author : William J. Stuntz
language : en
Publisher: Harvard University Press
Release Date : 2011-09-30
The Collapse Of American Criminal Justice written by William J. Stuntz and has been published by Harvard University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-09-30 with History categories.
Rule of law has vanished in America’s criminal justice system. Prosecutors decide whom to punish; most accused never face a jury; policing is inconsistent; plea bargaining is rampant; and draconian sentencing fills prisons with mostly minority defendants. A leading criminal law scholar looks to history for the roots of these problems—and solutions.
Local Justice
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Author : Jon Elster
language : en
Publisher: Russell Sage Foundation
Release Date : 1992-05-14
Local Justice written by Jon Elster and has been published by Russell Sage Foundation this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992-05-14 with Law categories.
The well-being of individuals routinely depends on their success in obtaining goods and avoiding burdens distributed by society. Local Justice offers the first systematic analysis of the principles and procedures used in dispensing "local justice" in situations as varied as the admission of students to college, the choice of patients for organ transplants, the selection of workers for layoffs, and the induction of men into the army. A prominent theorist in the field of rational choice and decision making, Jon Elster develops a rich selection of empirical examples and case studies to demonstrate the diversity of procedures used by institutions that mete out local justice. From this revealing material Elster fashions a conceptual framework for understanding why institutions make these crucial allocations in the ways they do. Elster's investigation discloses the many complex and varied approaches of such decision-making bodies as selective service and adoption agencies, employers and universities, prison and immigration authorities. What are the conflicting demands placed on these institutions by the needs of applicants, the recommendations of external agencies, and their own organizational imperatives? Often, as Elster shows, methods of allocation may actually aggravate social problems. For instance, the likelihood that handicapped or minority infants will be adopted is further decreased when agencies apply the same stringent screening criteria—exclusion of people over forty, single parents, working wives, and low-income families—that they use for more sought-after babies. Elster proposes a classification of the main principles and procedures used to match goods with individuals, charts the interactions among these mechanisms of local justice, and evaluates them in terms of fairness and efficiency. From his empirical groundwork, Elster builds an innovative analysis of the historical processes by which, at given times and under given circumstances, preferences become principles and principles become procedures. Local Justice concludes with a comparison of local justice systems with major contemporary theories of social justice—utilitarianism, John Rawls's A Theory of Justice, Robert Nozick's Anarchy, State, and Utopia—and discusses the "common-sense conception of justice" held by professional decision makers such as lawyers, economists, and politicians. The difference between what we say about justice and how we actually dispense it is the illuminating principle behind Elster's book. A perceptive and cosmopolitan study, Local Justice is a seminal work for all those concerned with the formation of ethical policy and social welfare—philosophers, economists, political scientists, health care professionals, policy makers, and educators.
Comparative Criminal Justice Systems
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Author : Shahid M. Shahidullah
language : en
Publisher: Jones & Bartlett Publishers
Release Date : 2012
Comparative Criminal Justice Systems written by Shahid M. Shahidullah and has been published by Jones & Bartlett Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with Law categories.
Written for students of criminal justice, Comparative Criminal Justice Systems: Global and Local Perspectives examines the nature of crime and justice in varying countries and cultures in North America, Europe, Asia, Africa, and Latin America. Using a topical approach, it compares different systems of crime and justice in terms of their differences from, and similarities to, the laws and institutions of modern criminal justice, focusing on the United States as a standard of comparison. By examining different criminal justice systems in terms of their local peculiarities and understanding their change and continuity, readers will gain a well-rounded international perspective of the world's varying systems of criminal justice. Key Features: -Explores the rise of modern criminology and the criminal justice system in the nineteenth century. It is critical for students to understand the history of modern systems to fully comprehend the varying nature of today's main legal systems, focusing on the United States as a standard of comparison. -Employs a topical approach to examine the criminal justice systems in varying countries in Europe, Asia, Africa, and Latin America, including comparative views on law enforcement, judicial systems, corrections, due process of law, and search and seizures. -Includes discussions on comparative processes of criminalization and decriminalization on such issues as domestic violence, child abuse, homosexuality, and sexual harassment. -Discusses new global crimes and their impact on modern and traditional criminal justice systems, including human smuggling, global sex trade, global illegal drug trade, illegal trafficking of conventional military weapons, money laundering, cybercrime, and global terrorism. -Discussion questions ensure that student's grasp the core theoretical concepts.
