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Local Justice


Local Justice
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Local Justice


Local Justice
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Author : Jon Elster
language : en
Publisher: Russell Sage Foundation
Release Date : 1992-05-14

Local Justice written by Jon Elster and has been published by Russell Sage Foundation this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992-05-14 with Political Science categories.


The well-being of individuals routinely depends on their success in obtaining goods and avoiding burdens distributed by society. Local Justice offers the first systematic analysis of the principles and procedures used in dispensing "local justice" in situations as varied as the admission of students to college, the choice of patients for organ transplants, the selection of workers for layoffs, and the induction of men into the army. A prominent theorist in the field of rational choice and decision making, Jon Elster develops a rich selection of empirical examples and case studies to demonstrate the diversity of procedures used by institutions that mete out local justice. From this revealing material Elster fashions a conceptual framework for understanding why institutions make these crucial allocations in the ways they do. Elster's investigation discloses the many complex and varied approaches of such decision-making bodies as selective service and adoption agencies, employers and universities, prison and immigration authorities. What are the conflicting demands placed on these institutions by the needs of applicants, the recommendations of external agencies, and their own organizational imperatives? Often, as Elster shows, methods of allocation may actually aggravate social problems. For instance, the likelihood that handicapped or minority infants will be adopted is further decreased when agencies apply the same stringent screening criteria—exclusion of people over forty, single parents, working wives, and low-income families—that they use for more sought-after babies. Elster proposes a classification of the main principles and procedures used to match goods with individuals, charts the interactions among these mechanisms of local justice, and evaluates them in terms of fairness and efficiency. From his empirical groundwork, Elster builds an innovative analysis of the historical processes by which, at given times and under given circumstances, preferences become principles and principles become procedures. Local Justice concludes with a comparison of local justice systems with major contemporary theories of social justice—utilitarianism, John Rawls's A Theory of Justice, Robert Nozick's Anarchy, State, and Utopia—and discusses the "common-sense conception of justice" held by professional decision makers such as lawyers, economists, and politicians. The difference between what we say about justice and how we actually dispense it is the illuminating principle behind Elster's book. A perceptive and cosmopolitan study, Local Justice is a seminal work for all those concerned with the formation of ethical policy and social welfare—philosophers, economists, political scientists, health care professionals, policy makers, and educators.



Local Justice


Local Justice
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Author : Jon Elster
language : en
Publisher: Russell Sage Foundation
Release Date : 1993-12-14

Local Justice written by Jon Elster and has been published by Russell Sage Foundation this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993-12-14 with Political Science categories.


The well-being of individuals routinely depends on their success in obtaining goods and avoiding burdens distributed by society. Local Justice offers the first systematic analysis of the principles and procedures used in dispensing "local justice" in situations as varied as the admission of students to college, the choice of patients for organ transplants, the selection of workers for layoffs, and the induction of men into the army. A prominent theorist in the field of rational choice and decision making, Jon Elster develops a rich selection of empirical examples and case studies to demonstrate the diversity of procedures used by institutions that mete out local justice. From this revealing material Elster fashions a conceptual framework for understanding why institutions make these crucial allocations in the ways they do. Elster's investigation discloses the many complex and varied approaches of such decision-making bodies as selective service and adoption agencies, employers and universities, prison and immigration authorities. What are the conflicting demands placed on these institutions by the needs of applicants, the recommendations of external agencies, and their own organizational imperatives? Often, as Elster shows, methods of allocation may actually aggravate social problems. For instance, the likelihood that handicapped or minority infants will be adopted is further decreased when agencies apply the same stringent screening criteria—exclusion of people over forty, single parents, working wives, and low-income families—that they use for more sought-after babies. Elster proposes a classification of the main principles and procedures used to match goods with individuals, charts the interactions among these mechanisms of local justice, and evaluates them in terms of fairness and efficiency. From his empirical groundwork, Elster builds an innovative analysis of the historical processes by which, at given times and under given circumstances, preferences become principles and principles become procedures. Local Justice concludes with a comparison of local justice systems with major contemporary theories of social justice—utilitarianism, John Rawls's A Theory of Justice, Robert Nozick's Anarchy, State, and Utopia—and discusses the "common-sense conception of justice" held by professional decision makers such as lawyers, economists, and politicians. The difference between what we say about justice and how we actually dispense it is the illuminating principle behind Elster's book. A perceptive and cosmopolitan study, Local Justice is a seminal work for all those concerned with the formation of ethical policy and social welfare—philosophers, economists, political scientists, health care professionals, policy makers, and educators.



Local Justice In America


Local Justice In America
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Author : Jon Elster
language : en
Publisher: Russell Sage Foundation
Release Date : 1995-11-16

Local Justice In America written by Jon Elster and has been published by Russell Sage Foundation this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995-11-16 with Political Science categories.


Notions of justice and fairness are central to the American belief that the pursuit of a healthy and productive life is the right of all citizens. Yet in the real world there are seldom sufficient resources to meet the needs of everyone, and institutions are routinely forced to make difficult decisions regarding who will be favored and who will not. Local Justice in America is an insightful look into how selections are made in four critical areas: college admissions, kidney transplants, employee layoffs, and legalized immigration. This volume's case studies survey the history and modern rationale behind seemingly enigmatic allocation systems, chronicling the political and ethical debates, occasional scandals, and judicial battles that have shaped them. Though these selection processes differ significantly, each reflects a bitter struggle between opposing—and equally intense—principles of local justice. For example, are admissions officers who use special points to foster student diversity less fair than those who rely exclusively on scholastic achievement? How did the system of personal discretion among doctors selecting transplant patients come to be viewed by the public as more inequitable than compassionate? Does the use of seniority as a gauge in layoffs violate equal opportunity laws or provide employers with their only objective and neutral criterion? How have partisan interest groups repeatedly shifted immigration quotas between the extremes of xenophobia and altruism? In framing chapters, editor Jon Elster draws upon these studies to speculate on the unique nature of the American value system. Arguing that race matters deeply in all considerations of local justice, he discusses how our society's assessment of neediness balances on the often uneasy compromises between the desire to reward deserving individuals and the call to strengthen opportunities for disadvantaged groups. Well informed and stimulating, Local Justice in America speaks directly to policy debates in the fields of health, education, work, and immigration, and makes an important contribution to our understanding of the fundamental social issues that affect our daily welfare.



Local Justice


Local Justice
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Author : Jon Elster
language : en
Publisher: Russell Sage Foundation
Release Date : 1992

Local Justice written by Jon Elster and has been published by Russell Sage Foundation this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992 with categories.




Balancing The Scales Of Justice


Balancing The Scales Of Justice
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Author : Anthony Crubaugh
language : en
Publisher: Penn State Press
Release Date : 2001-01-01

Balancing The Scales Of Justice written by Anthony Crubaugh and has been published by Penn State Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001-01-01 with History categories.


Recent revisionist history has questioned the degree of social change attributable to the French Revolution. In Balancing the Scales of Justice, Anthony Crubaugh tests this claim by examining the effects of revolutionary changes in local justice on the inhabitants of one region in rural France. Crubaugh illuminates two poorly understood institutions in eighteenth-century France: seigneurial justice and the revolutionary justice of the peace. He finds that justice was typically slow and expensive in the lords&’ courts, thus making it difficult for rural inhabitants to benefit from official channels of justice. By contrast, revolutionary reforms gave people the opportunity to submit quarrels to trusted and elected justices of the peace who adjudicated disputes quickly and inexpensively. By juxtaposing seigneurial justice in the ancien r&égime with the institution of the justice of the peace after 1789, Crubaugh highlights how revolutionary changes in the system of dispute resolution profoundly affected members of rural French society and their relations with the French state. Over time rural dwellers came to accept the primacy of the state in resolving disputes, and the state thereby partially achieved its long-standing goal of penetrating rural areas.



Justice Of The Peace And County Borough Poor Law Union And Parish Law Records


Justice Of The Peace And County Borough Poor Law Union And Parish Law Records
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1837

Justice Of The Peace And County Borough Poor Law Union And Parish Law Records written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1837 with Justices of the peace categories.




Justice Of The Peace And Local Government Review


Justice Of The Peace And Local Government Review
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1969

Justice Of The Peace And Local Government Review written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1969 with Justices of the peace categories.




Lynching And Local Justice


Lynching And Local Justice
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Author : Danielle F. Jung
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2020-07-31

Lynching And Local Justice written by Danielle F. Jung and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-07-31 with Political Science categories.


What are the social and political consequences of poor state governance and low state legitimacy? Under what conditions does lynching - lethal, extralegal group violence to punish offenses to the community - become an acceptable practice? We argue lynching emerges when neither the state nor its challengers have a monopoly over legitimate authority. When authority is contested or ambiguous, mass punishment for transgressions can emerge that is public, brutal, and requires broad participation. Using new cross-national data, we demonstrate lynching is a persistent problem in dozens of countries over the last four decades. Drawing on original survey and interview data from Haiti and South Africa, we show how lynching emerges and becomes accepted. Specifically, support for lynching most likely occurs in one of three conditions: when states fail to provide governance, when non-state actors provide social services, or when neighbors must rely on self-help.



A New Framework For Local Justice


A New Framework For Local Justice
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1992

A New Framework For Local Justice written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992 with Court administration categories.




Summary Of State And Local Justice Initiatives


Summary Of State And Local Justice Initiatives
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Author : American Bar Association. Ad Hoc Committee on State Justice Initiatives
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1998

Summary Of State And Local Justice Initiatives written by American Bar Association. Ad Hoc Committee on State Justice Initiatives and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998 with Court administration categories.