Logic The Theory Of Formal Inference
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Logic The Theory Of Formal Inference
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Author : Alice Ambrose
language : en
Publisher: Courier Dover Publications
Release Date : 2015-11-04
Logic The Theory Of Formal Inference written by Alice Ambrose and has been published by Courier Dover Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-11-04 with Philosophy categories.
Geared toward college undergraduates new to the subject, this concise introduction to formal logic was written by Alice Ambrose and Morris Lazerowitz, a pair of noted scholars and prolific authors in this field. A preliminary section opens the subject under the heading of truth-functions. Two subsequent parts on quantification and classes, each subdivided into numerous brief specifics, complete the overview. Suitable for students of philosophy as well as mathematics, the three-part treatment begins with the intuitive development of the standard theory of sentential connectives (called "operators"). The theory is further developed with the assistance of truth-tables and ultimately as a logistic system. Part II explores first-order quantification theory. In addition to examining most of the familiar laws that can be expressed by monadic formulas, the text addresses polyadic principles and the theories of identity and descriptions. Part III focuses on elementary concepts of classes, from class membership and class inclusion to the algebra of classes. Each part concludes with a series of exercises.
Mathematical Logic
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Author : Wei Li
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2014-11-07
Mathematical Logic written by Wei Li and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-11-07 with Mathematics categories.
Mathematical logic is a branch of mathematics that takes axiom systems and mathematical proofs as its objects of study. This book shows how it can also provide a foundation for the development of information science and technology. The first five chapters systematically present the core topics of classical mathematical logic, including the syntax and models of first-order languages, formal inference systems, computability and representability, and Gödel’s theorems. The last five chapters present extensions and developments of classical mathematical logic, particularly the concepts of version sequences of formal theories and their limits, the system of revision calculus, proschemes (formal descriptions of proof methods and strategies) and their properties, and the theory of inductive inference. All of these themes contribute to a formal theory of axiomatization and its application to the process of developing information technology and scientific theories. The book also describes the paradigm of three kinds of language environments for theories and it presents the basic properties required of a meta-language environment. Finally, the book brings these themes together by describing a workflow for scientific research in the information era in which formal methods, interactive software and human invention are all used to their advantage. The second edition of the book includes major revisions on the proof of the completeness theorem of the Gentzen system and new contents on the logic of scientific discovery, R-calculus without cut, and the operational semantics of program debugging. This book represents a valuable reference for graduate and undergraduate students and researchers in mathematics, information science and technology, and other relevant areas of natural sciences. Its first five chapters serve as an undergraduate text in mathematical logic and the last five chapters are addressed to graduate students in relevant disciplines.
An Introduction To The Theory Of Formal Languages And Automata
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Author : W. J. Levelt
language : en
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Release Date : 2019-03-18
An Introduction To The Theory Of Formal Languages And Automata written by W. J. Levelt and has been published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-03-18 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
No detailed description available for "An Introduction to the Theory of Formal Languages and Automata".
An Introduction To Logical Theory
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Author : Aladdin M. Yaqub
language : en
Publisher: Broadview Press
Release Date : 2013-03-22
An Introduction To Logical Theory written by Aladdin M. Yaqub and has been published by Broadview Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-03-22 with Philosophy categories.
This book reclaims logic as a branch of philosophy, offering a self-contained and complete introduction to the three traditional systems of classical logic (term, sentence, and predicate logic) and the philosophical issues that surround those systems. The exposition is lucid, clear, and engaging. Practical methods are favored over the traditional, and creative approaches over the merely mechanical. The author’s guiding principle is to introduce classical logic in an intellectually honest way, and not to shy away from difficulties and controversies where they arise. Relevant philosophical issues, such as the relation between the meaning and the referent of a proper name, logical versus metaphysical possibility, and the conceptual content of an expression, are discussed throughout. In this way, the book is not only an introduction to the three main systems of classical logic, but also an introduction to the philosophy of classical logic.
Foundations Of Probability Theory Statistical Inference And Statistical Theories Of Science
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Author : W.L. Harper
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 1975-12-31
Foundations Of Probability Theory Statistical Inference And Statistical Theories Of Science written by W.L. Harper and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1975-12-31 with Science categories.
In May of 1973 we organized an international research colloquium on foundations of probability, statistics, and statistical theories of science at the University of Western Ontario. During the past four decades there have been striking formal advances in our understanding of logic, semantics and algebraic structure in probabilistic and statistical theories. These advances, which include the development of the relations between semantics and metamathematics, between logics and algebras and the algebraic-geometrical foundations of statistical theories (especially in the sciences), have led to striking new insights into the formal and conceptual structure of probability and statistical theory and their scientific applications in the form of scientific theory. The foundations of statistics are in a state of profound conflict. Fisher's objections to some aspects of Neyman-Pearson statistics have long been well known. More recently the emergence of Bayesian statistics as a radical alternative to standard views has made the conflict especially acute. In recent years the response of many practising statisticians to the conflict has been an eclectic approach to statistical inference. Many good statisticians have developed a kind of wisdom which enables them to know which problems are most appropriately handled by each of the methods available. The search for principles which would explain why each of the methods works where it does and fails where it does offers a fruitful approach to the controversy over foundations.
Medieval Formal Logic
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Author : Mikko Yrjönsuuri
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-03-09
Medieval Formal Logic written by Mikko Yrjönsuuri and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-03-09 with Philosophy categories.
Central topics in medieval logic are here treated in a way that is congenial to the modern reader, without compromising historical reliability. The achievements of medieval logic are made available to a wider philosophical public then the medievalists themselves. The three genres of logica moderna arising in a later Middle Ages are covered: obligations, insolubles and consequences - the first time these have been treated in such a unified way. The articles on obligations look at the role of logical consistence in medieval disputation techniques. Those on insolubles concentrate on medieval solutions to the Liar Paradox. There is also a systematic account of how medieval authors described the logical content of an inference, and how they thought that the validity of an inference could be guaranteed.
Between Logic And Reality
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Author : Majda Trobok
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2011-11-23
Between Logic And Reality written by Majda Trobok and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-11-23 with Philosophy categories.
Is reality logical and is logic real? What is the origin of logical intuitions? What is the role of logical structures in the operations of an intelligent mind and in communication? Is the function of logical structure regulative or constitutive or both in concept formation? This volume provides analyses of the logic-reality relationship from different approaches and perspectives. The point of convergence lies in the exploration of the connections between reality – social, natural or ideal – and logical structures employed in describing or discovering it. Moreover, the book connects logical theory with more concrete issues of rationality, normativity and understanding, thus pointing to a wide range of potential applications. The papers collected in this volume address cutting-edge topics in contemporary discussions amongst specialists. Some essays focus on the role of indispensability considerations in the justification of logical competence, and the wide range of challenges within the philosophy of mathematics. Others present advances in dynamic logical analysis such as extension of game semantics to non-logical part of vocabulary and development of models of contractive speech act.
Theory And Applications Of Formal Argumentation
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Author : Elizabeth Black
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2018-03-05
Theory And Applications Of Formal Argumentation written by Elizabeth Black and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-03-05 with Computers categories.
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on the Theory and Applications of Formal Argumentation, TAFA 2017, held in Melbourne, VIC, Australia, in August 2017. The workshop was co-located with International Joint Conference on Artifi cial Intelligence(IJCAI 2017). The 15 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 20 submissions. The workshops covers the subjects such as non-monotonic reasoning, decision making, inter-agent communication, the semantic web, grid applications, ontologies, recommender systems, machine learning, neural networks, trust computing, normative systems, social choice theory, judgement aggregation and game theory, and law and medicine.
A Logical Journey
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Author : Hao Wang
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 1997-02-03
A Logical Journey written by Hao Wang and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997-02-03 with Philosophy categories.
Hao Wang (1921-1995) was one of the few confidants of the great mathematician and logician Kurt Gödel. A Logical Journey is a continuation of Wang's Reflections on Gödel and also elaborates on discussions contained in From Mathematics to Philosophy. A decade in preparation, it contains important and unfamiliar insights into Gödel's views on a wide range of issues, from Platonism and the nature of logic, to minds and machines, the existence of God, and positivism and phenomenology. The impact of Gödel's theorem on twentieth-century thought is on par with that of Einstein's theory of relativity, Heisenberg's uncertainty principle, or Keynesian economics. These previously unpublished intimate and informal conversations, however, bring to light and amplify Gödel's other major contributions to logic and philosophy. They reveal that there is much more in Gödel's philosophy of mathematics than is commonly believed, and more in his philosophy than his philosophy of mathematics. Wang writes that "it is even possible that his quite informal and loosely structured conversations with me, which I am freely using in this book, will turn out to be the fullest existing expression of the diverse components of his inadequately articulated general philosophy." The first two chapters are devoted to Gödel's life and mental development. In the chapters that follow, Wang illustrates the quest for overarching solutions and grand unifications of knowledge and action in Gödel's written speculations on God and an afterlife. He gives the background and a chronological summary of the conversations, considers Gödel's comments on philosophies and philosophers (his support of Husserl's phenomenology and his digressions on Kant and Wittgenstein), and his attempt to demonstrate the superiority of the mind's power over brains and machines. Three chapters are tied together by what Wang perceives to be Gödel's governing ideal of philosophy: an exact theory in which mathematics and Newtonian physics serve as a model for philosophy or metaphysics. Finally, in an epilog Wang sketches his own approach to philosophy in contrast to his interpretation of Gödel's outlook.
Formal Grammars In Linguistics And Psycholinguistics
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Author : Willem J.M. Levelt
language : en
Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing
Release Date : 2008-12-19
Formal Grammars In Linguistics And Psycholinguistics written by Willem J.M. Levelt and has been published by John Benjamins Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-12-19 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
Almost four decades have passed since Formal Grammars first appeared in 1974. At that time it was still possible to rather comprehensively review for (psycho)linguists the relevant literature on the theory of formal languages and automata, on their applications in linguistic theory and in the psychology of language. That is no longer feasible. In all three areas developments have been substantial, if not breathtaking. Nowadays, an interested linguist or psycholinguist opening any text on formal languages can no longer see the wood for the trees, as it is by no means evident which formal, mathematical tools are really required for natural language applications. An historical perspective can be helpful here. There are paths through the wood that have been beaten since decades; they can still provide useful orientation. The origins of these paths can be traced in the three volumes of Formal Grammars, brought together in the present re-edition. In a newly added postscript the author has sketched what has become, after all these years, of formal grammars in linguistics and psycholinguistics, or at least some of the core developments. This chapter may provide further motivation for the reader to make a trip back to some of the historical sources.