Los Braceros
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Los Braceros
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Author : José Rodolfo Jacobo
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2004
Los Braceros written by José Rodolfo Jacobo and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Foreign workers categories.
Transcriptions of inteviews conducted by The Bracero Oral History Project.
Braceros
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Author : Deborah Cohen
language : en
Publisher: Univ of North Carolina Press
Release Date : 2011
Braceros written by Deborah Cohen and has been published by Univ of North Carolina Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with Political Science categories.
At the beginning of World War II, the United States and Mexico launched the bracero program, a series of labor agreements that brought Mexican men to work temporarily in U.S. agricultural fields. In Braccros, historian Deborah Cohen asks why these temporary migrants provoked so much concern and anxiety in the United States and what the Mexican government expected to gain from participating in the program. These concerns and expectations, she suggests, provide a way to look at nation-state formation as a transnational process. Cohen reveals the fashioning of a U.S.-Mexican transnational world, a world created through the interactions, negotiations, and struggles of the program's principal protagonists including Mexican and U.S. state actors. labor activists, growers, and bracero migrants. Cohen argues that braceros became racialized foreigners, Mexican citizens, workers, and transnational subjects as they moved between U.S. and Mexican national spaces. Drawing on oral histories, ethnographic fieldwork, and documentary evidence, Braccros applies a cultural approach to analyze the political economy of labor migration. the rise of large-scale corporate agriculture, and state-to-state relations, showing how the World War II and postwar periods laid the groundwork for current debates over immigration and globalization. Cohen creatively links the often unconnected themes of exploitation, development, the rise of consumer cultures, and gendered class and race formation to show why those with connections beyond the nation have historically provoked suspicion, anxiety, and retaliatory political policies.
Defiant Braceros
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Author : Mireya Loza
language : en
Publisher: UNC Press Books
Release Date : 2016-09-02
Defiant Braceros written by Mireya Loza and has been published by UNC Press Books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-09-02 with Social Science categories.
In this book, Mireya Loza sheds new light on the private lives of migrant men who participated in the Bracero Program (1942–1964), a binational agreement between the United States and Mexico that allowed hundreds of thousands of Mexican workers to enter this country on temporary work permits. While this program and the issue of temporary workers has long been politicized on both sides of the border, Loza argues that the prevailing romanticized image of braceros as a family-oriented, productive, legal workforce has obscured the real, diverse experiences of the workers themselves. Focusing on underexplored aspects of workers' lives--such as their transnational union-organizing efforts, the sexual economies of both hetero and queer workers, and the ethno-racial boundaries among Mexican indigenous braceros--Loza reveals how these men defied perceived political, sexual, and racial norms. Basing her work on an archive of more than 800 oral histories from the United States and Mexico, Loza is the first scholar to carefully differentiate between the experiences of mestizo guest workers and the many Mixtec, Zapotec, Purhepecha, and Mayan laborers. In doing so, she captures the myriad ways these defiant workers responded to the intense discrimination and exploitation of an unjust system that still persists today.
The Bracero Program
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Author : Richard B. Craig
language : en
Publisher: University of Texas Press
Release Date : 2015-01-02
The Bracero Program written by Richard B. Craig and has been published by University of Texas Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-01-02 with Political Science categories.
Long before “Cesar Chávez” and “Chicano” became commonly known, the word “bracero” had established itself in the language of American politics. The Mexican Farm Labor Program—or bracero program as it came to be known—was from its inception in 1942 a highly controversial issue. At international, national, and subnational levels, it remained the focal point of an intense interest-group struggle. This struggle and its group combatants provide the central concern of this study. In the early 1940’s agribusiness interests had sought to contract Mexican laborers (“braceros”) for work on United States farms. With the entry of the United States into World War II, legislation was passed for contracting braceros on a large scale. What was originally a wartime measure soon became an institution. During twenty-two years, 4.2 million braceros were contracted. The United States, at the insistence of the Mexican government, became a partner in the program, ensuring that the braceros were provided housing, set wages, and other benefits. The program was, however, detrimental to one group in the United States: the native farmworker. Not only was the bracero provided guarantees that the native could not demand, but the bracero also got the native’s job. During the late forties and fifties, organized labor gathered its forces in Congress to oppose the program. Finally, an administration favorable to the native farmworker threw its support behind the native laborer, and through the Department of labor measures were passed that made it less attractive to hire foreign labor. In the end, the anti-bracero forces won out in Congress and defeated extension of the Mexican Farm Labor program. At the same time, the United States government, by setting the working standards for foreign workers, brought about an improvement in the working conditions and wages of native farm laborers. Besides the conflicts between domestic interests, Craig examines the international conflicts and issues involved, as well as the international agreements that were the basis of bracero contracting. He discusses with perception the program’s immediate and long-range effects on Mexico. His study analyzes and clarifies one of the most controversial domestic and international programs of the twentieth century.
Chicano Experience
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Author : Stanley A. West
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2019-03-08
Chicano Experience written by Stanley A. West and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-03-08 with Social Science categories.
The past decade has seen a renewed interest in ethnicity by people in search of their own identities, as well as by writers and scholars from every discipline. But despite the contagion of ethnic aEURO fever,aEURO the Chicano culture is neither widely known nor appreciated in the United States. The authors of this book attempt to close the gap in current knowledge. Their purpose is fourfold: (1) to add to the knowledge of Chicano communities; (2) to add to the knowledge and understanding of how Mexican Americans have adapted in various urban areas; (3) to present descriptions and analyses of communities in the Midwest, where the presence of Mexican Americans has been more typically neglected; and (4) to bring an anthropological approach to the understanding of this second-largest minority group in the United States.
The Other California
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Author : Verónica Castillo-Muñoz
language : en
Publisher: Univ of California Press
Release Date : 2016-11-15
The Other California written by Verónica Castillo-Muñoz and has been published by Univ of California Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-11-15 with History categories.
The Other California is the story of working-class communities and how they constituted the racially and ethnically diverse landscape of Baja California. Packed with new and transformative stories, the book examines the interplay of land reform and migratory labor on the peninsula from 1850 to 1954, as governments, foreign investors, and local communities shaped a vibrant and dynamic borderland alongside the booming cities of Tijuana, Mexicali, and Santa Rosalia. Migration and intermarriage between Mexican women and men from Asia, Europe, and the United States transformed Baja California into a multicultural society. Mixed-race families extended across national borders, forging new local communities, labor relations, and border politics.
Even The Women Are Leaving
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Author : Larisa L. Veloz
language : en
Publisher: Univ of California Press
Release Date : 2023-05-09
Even The Women Are Leaving written by Larisa L. Veloz and has been published by Univ of California Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-05-09 with History categories.
The first decades of the twentieth century were crucial for the development of Mexican circular family migration, a process shaped by family and community networks as much as it was fashioned by labor markets and economic conditions. Even the Women Are Leaving explores bidirectional migration across the US-Mexico border from 1890 to 1965 and centers the experiences of Mexican women and families. Highlighting migrant voices and testimonies, Larisa L. Veloz depicts the long history of family and female migration across the border and elucidates the personal experiences of early twentieth-century border crossings, family separations, and reunifications. This book offers a fresh analysis of the ways that female migrants navigated evolving immigration restrictions and constructed binational lives through the eras of the Mexican Revolution, the Great Depression, and the Bracero Program.
Abandoning Their Beloved Land
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Author : Alberto García
language : en
Publisher: Univ of California Press
Release Date : 2023-01-17
Abandoning Their Beloved Land written by Alberto García and has been published by Univ of California Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-01-17 with Business & Economics categories.
Abandoning Their Beloved Land offers an essential new history of the Bracero Program, a bilateral initiative that allowed Mexican men to work in the United States as seasonal contract farmworkers from 1942 to 1964. Using national and local archives in Mexico, historian Alberto García uncovers previously unexamined political factors that shaped the direction of the program, including how officials administered the bracero selection process and what motivated campesinos from central states to migrate. Notably, García's book reveals how and why the Mexican government's delegation of Bracero Program–related responsibilities, the powerful influence of conservative Catholic opposition groups in central Mexico, and the failures of the revolution's agrarian reform all profoundly influenced the program's administration and individuals' decisions to migrate as braceros.
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: CIDE
Release Date :
written by and has been published by CIDE this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with categories.
The Borderlands Of Race
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Author : Jennifer R. Nájera
language : en
Publisher: University of Texas Press
Release Date : 2015-05-15
The Borderlands Of Race written by Jennifer R. Nájera and has been published by University of Texas Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-05-15 with Social Science categories.
Throughout much of the twentieth century, Mexican Americans experienced segregation in many areas of public life, but the structure of Mexican segregation differed from the strict racial divides of the Jim Crow South. Factors such as higher socioeconomic status, lighter skin color, and Anglo cultural fluency allowed some Mexican Americans to gain limited access to the Anglo power structure. Paradoxically, however, this partial assimilation made full desegregation more difficult for the rest of the Mexican American community, which continued to experience informal segregation long after federal and state laws officially ended the practice. In this historical ethnography, Jennifer R. Nájera offers a layered rendering and analysis of Mexican segregation in a South Texas community in the first half of the twentieth century. Using oral histories and local archives, she brings to life Mexican origin peoples' experiences with segregation. Through their stories and supporting documentary evidence, Nájera shows how the ambiguous racial status of Mexican origin people allowed some of them to be exceptions to the rule of Anglo racial dominance. She demonstrates that while such exceptionality might suggest the permeability of the color line, in fact the selective and limited incorporation of Mexicans into Anglo society actually reinforced segregation by creating an illusion that the community had been integrated and no further changes were needed. Nájera also reveals how the actions of everyday people ultimately challenged racial/racist ideologies and created meaningful spaces for Mexicans in spheres historically dominated by Anglos.
