Lysenko And The Tragedy Of Soviet Sc
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Lysenko And The Tragedy Of Soviet Sc
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Author : Valery N Soyfer
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1994-08-01
Lysenko And The Tragedy Of Soviet Sc written by Valery N Soyfer and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994-08-01 with categories.
The Murder Of Nikolai Vavilov
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Author : Peter Pringle
language : en
Publisher: Simon and Schuster
Release Date : 2008-05-13
The Murder Of Nikolai Vavilov written by Peter Pringle and has been published by Simon and Schuster this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-05-13 with Biography & Autobiography categories.
In The Murder of Nikolai Vavilov, acclaimed journalist and author Peter Pringle recreates the extraordinary life and tragic end of one of the great scientists of the twentieth century. In a drama of love, revolution, and war that rivals Pasternak's Dr. Zhivago, Pringle tells the story of a young Russian scientist, Nikolai Vavilov, who had a dream of ending hunger and famine in the world. Vavilov's plan would use the emerging science of genetics to breed super plants that could grow anywhere, in any climate, in sandy deserts and freezing tundra, in drought and flood. He would launch botanical expeditions to find these vanishing genes, overlooked by early farmers ignorant of Mendel's laws of heredity. He called it a "mission for all humanity." To the leaders of the young Soviet state, Vavilov's dream fitted perfectly into their larger scheme for a socialist utopia. Lenin supported the adventurous Vavilov, a handsome and seductive young professor, as he became an Indiana Jones, hunting lost botanical treasures on five continents. In a former tsarist palace in what is now St. Petersburg, Vavilov built the world's first seed bank, a quarter of a million specimens, a magnificent living museum of plant diversity that was the envy of scientists everywhere and remains so today. But when Lenin died in 1924 and Stalin took over, Vavilov's dream turned into a nightmare. This son of science was from a bourgeois background, the class of society most despised and distrusted by the Bolsheviks. The new cadres of comrade scientists taunted and insulted him, and Stalin's dreaded secret police built up false charges of sabotage and espionage. Stalin's collectivization of farmland caused chaos in Soviet food production, and millions died in widespread famine. Vavilov's master plan for improving Soviet crops was designed to work over decades, not a few years, and he could not meet Stalin's impossible demands for immediate results. In Stalin's Terror of the 1930s, Russian geneticists were systematically repressed in favor of the peasant horticulturalist Trofim Lysenko, with his fraudulent claims and speculative theories. Vavilov was the most famous victim of this purge, which set back Russian biology by a generation and caused the country untold harm. He was sentenced to death, but unlike Galileo, he refused to recant his beliefs and, in the most cruel twist, this humanitarian pioneer scientist was starved to death in the gulag. Pringle uses newly opened Soviet archives, including Vavilov's secret police file, official correspondence, vivid expedition reports, previously unpublished family letters and diaries, and the reminiscences of eyewitnesses to bring us this intensely human story of a brilliant life cut short by anti-science demagogues, ideology, censorship, and political expedience.
Stalinist Genetics
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Author : Dmitri Stanchevici
language : en
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Release Date : 2017-03-02
Stalinist Genetics written by Dmitri Stanchevici and has been published by Taylor & Francis this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-03-02 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
Stalinist Genetics focuses on the rhetoric of T. D. Lysenko, the founder of an agrobiological doctrine (Lysenkoism) in the Stalinist Soviet Union. Using not only scientific but also political and ideological arguments, Lysenko achieved an official ban on Soviet Mendelian genetics. Though the ban was brief and Lysenkoism, as a leading biological doctrine, was eventually deposed in favor of Mendelism, Lysenkoism remains a paradigmatic example of pernicious political interference in science. In this study, the critical orientation for reading Lysenko's major speeches is constitutional rhetoric. It combines Kenneth Burke's dialectic of constitutions and rhetoric of the subject. Painting a nuanced picture of intellectual, economic, ideological, and political life in the Soviet Union of the 1930s and 1940s, the book demonstrates how the rhetorics of Lysenkoism and Mendelism interacted with Stalinist culture in the fight for dominating Soviet science. The reader will learn how Lysenko's constitutional rhetoric created a space where scientific terms transformed into political and ideological ones, and vice versa. The book also shows how, in a dialectical flip, the Lysenkoist rhetoric eventually turned from tool to master. Contrary to Lysenko's intentions, his language gave his opponents, Soviet Mendelians, grounds on which to defend their science and criticize Lysenkoism. Stanchevici forcefully reasserts the blurriness of the boundaries between science and politics, and argues that scientific language reveals more plasticity and adaptability to the political situation than has hitherto been assumed. Intended Audience: Scholars in rhetoric, history, and philosophy of science; graduate or upper-division undergraduate course in the rhetoric of science or technical communication.
How To Tame A Fox And Build A Dog
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Author : Lee Alan Dugatkin
language : en
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Release Date : 2017-03-23
How To Tame A Fox And Build A Dog written by Lee Alan Dugatkin and has been published by University of Chicago Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-03-23 with Biography & Autobiography categories.
In 1959, biologists Dmitri Belyaev and Lyudmila Trut set out to speed up thousands of years of evolution into a few decades. They started with a few dozen silver foxes from fox farms in the USSR and attempting to recreate the evolution of wolves into dogs in real time in order to witness the process of domestication. Within a decade the experiments had resulted in puppy-like foxes with floppy ears, piebald spots, and curly tails. Along with these physical changes came genetic and behavioral changes, as well. Dugatkin and Trut examine the adventure, science, politics, and love behind it all.
Too Much Of A Good Thing
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Author : Lee Goldman
language : en
Publisher: Hachette UK
Release Date : 2015-12-08
Too Much Of A Good Thing written by Lee Goldman and has been published by Hachette UK this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-12-08 with Science categories.
The dean of Columbia University's medical school explains why our bodies are out of sync with today's environment and how we can correct this to save our health. Over the past 200 years, human life-expectancy has approximately doubled. Yet we face soaring worldwide rates of obesity, diabetes, high blood pressure, mental illness, heart disease, and stroke. In his fascinating new book, Dr. Lee Goldman presents a radical explanation: The key protective traits that once ensured our species' survival are now the leading global causes of illness and death. Our capacity to store food, for example, lures us into overeating, and a clotting system designed to protect us from bleeding to death now directly contributes to heart attacks and strokes. A deeply compelling narrative that puts a new spin on evolutionary biology, Too Much of a Good Thing also provides a roadmap for getting back in sync with the modern world.
J D Bernal
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Author : Andrew Brown
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
Release Date : 2005-11-24
J D Bernal written by Andrew Brown and has been published by Oxford University Press, USA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-11-24 with Biography & Autobiography categories.
Desmond Bernal - or 'Sage', as he was known, was an extraordinary man by any account - a brilliant scientist, a fervent Marxist, and a colourful, bohemian figure. This biography includes previously unpublished material from his diaries, and sheds new light on his international influence during both WWII and the ensuing peace movement.
Evolution In Four Dimensions Revised Edition
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Author : Eva Jablonka
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2014-03-21
Evolution In Four Dimensions Revised Edition written by Eva Jablonka and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-03-21 with Science categories.
A pioneering proposal for a pluralistic extension of evolutionary theory, now updated to reflect the most recent research. This new edition of the widely read Evolution in Four Dimensions has been revised to reflect the spate of new discoveries in biology since the book was first published in 2005, offering corrections, an updated bibliography, and a substantial new chapter. Eva Jablonka and Marion Lamb's pioneering argument proposes that there is more to heredity than genes. They describe four “dimensions” in heredity—four inheritance systems that play a role in evolution: genetic, epigenetic (or non-DNA cellular transmission of traits), behavioral, and symbolic (transmission through language and other forms of symbolic communication). These systems, they argue, can all provide variations on which natural selection can act. Jablonka and Lamb present a richer, more complex view of evolution than that offered by the gene-based Modern Synthesis, arguing that induced and acquired changes also play a role. Their lucid and accessible text is accompanied by artist-physician Anna Zeligowski's lively drawings, which humorously and effectively illustrate the authors' points. Each chapter ends with a dialogue in which the authors refine their arguments against the vigorous skepticism of the fictional “I.M.” (for Ipcha Mistabra—Aramaic for “the opposite conjecture”). The extensive new chapter, presented engagingly as a dialogue with I.M., updates the information on each of the four dimensions—with special attention to the epigenetic, where there has been an explosion of new research. Praise for the first edition “With courage and verve, and in a style accessible to general readers, Jablonka and Lamb lay out some of the exciting new pathways of Darwinian evolution that have been uncovered by contemporary research.” —Evelyn Fox Keller, MIT, author of Making Sense of Life: Explaining Biological Development with Models, Metaphors, and Machines “In their beautifully written and impressively argued new book, Jablonka and Lamb show that the evidence from more than fifty years of molecular, behavioral and linguistic studies forces us to reevaluate our inherited understanding of evolution.” —Oren Harman, The New Republic “It is not only an enjoyable read, replete with ideas and facts of interest but it does the most valuable thing a book can do—it makes you think and reexamine your premises and long-held conclusions.” —Adam Wilkins, BioEssays
Bibliographic Guide To Soviet And East European Studies
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1978
Bibliographic Guide To Soviet And East European Studies written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1978 with Europe, Eastern categories.
Stalin And The Scientists
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Author : Simon Ings
language : en
Publisher: Open Road + Grove/Atlantic
Release Date : 2017-02-21
Stalin And The Scientists written by Simon Ings and has been published by Open Road + Grove/Atlantic this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-02-21 with Science categories.
“One of the finest, most gripping surveys of the history of Russian science in the twentieth century.” —Douglas Smith, author of Former People: The Final Days of the Russian Aristocracy Stalin and the Scientists tells the story of the many gifted scientists who worked in Russia from the years leading up to the revolution through the death of the “Great Scientist” himself, Joseph Stalin. It weaves together the stories of scientists, politicians, and ideologues into an intimate and sometimes horrifying portrait of a state determined to remake the world. They often wreaked great harm. Stalin was himself an amateur botanist, and by falling under the sway of dangerous charlatans like Trofim Lysenko (who denied the existence of genes), and by relying on antiquated ideas of biology, he not only destroyed the lives of hundreds of brilliant scientists, he caused the death of millions through famine. But from atomic physics to management theory, and from radiation biology to neuroscience and psychology, these Soviet experts also made breakthroughs that forever changed agriculture, education, and medicine. A masterful book that deepens our understanding of Russian history, Stalin and the Scientists is a great achievement of research and storytelling, and a gripping look at what happens when science falls prey to politics. Longlisted for the Baillie Gifford Prize for Non-Fiction in 2016 A New York Times Book Review “Paperback Row” selection “Ings’s research is impressive and his exposition of the science is lucid . . . Filled with priceless nuggets and a cast of frauds, crackpots and tyrants, this is a lively and interesting book, and utterly relevant today.” —The New York Times Book Review “A must read for understanding how the ideas of scientific knowledge and technology were distorted and subverted for decades across the Soviet Union.” —The Washington Post
Il Genio Dei Semi
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Author : Peter Pringle
language : it
Publisher: Donzelli Editore
Release Date : 2023-06-06T00:00:00+02:00
Il Genio Dei Semi written by Peter Pringle and has been published by Donzelli Editore this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-06-06T00:00:00+02:00 with Social Science categories.
In un dramma degno del Dottor Živago, nel quale si intrecciano scienza, amori, rivoluzioni e guerre, Peter Pringle ricostruisce la storia di Nikolaj Vavilov, lo scienziato che, agli albori della genetica, sognava di sconfiggere la fame nel mondo coltivando piante in grado di sopravvivere in ogni condizione climatica e ad ogni latitudine, nei deserti di sabbia e tra i ghiacci della tundra, e gettando così le basi per un grandioso progetto di raccolta e conservazione della biodiversità alimentare. Il progetto pionieristico di Vavilov si inscriveva nella grande utopia dei primi rivoluzionari bolscevichi, che non esitarono a finanziare le sue spedizioni nei cinque continenti alla ricerca di quelle centinaia di migliaia di semi che avrebbero dato vita a un meraviglioso museo vivente della varietà delle specie botaniche. Alla morte di Lenin, però, il sogno di Vavilov si trasformò in un incubo. La sua indipendenza di pensiero, la fedeltà alla scienza e i rapporti con studiosi di tutto il mondo ne decretarono l’emarginazione da parte degli scienziati fedeli a Stalin, che con l’aiuto della polizia segreta montarono contro di lui un corposo dossier di accuse di sabotaggio e spionaggio, impedendogli di fatto di portare avanti le sue ricerche. E così, l’uomo che sognava di sfamare il pianeta fu una delle vittime più illustri delle purghe staliniane, condannato – per una sorte tragicamente ironica – a morire di fame nelle prigioni sovietiche. Attraverso documenti inediti degli archivi dell’Urss, tra cui il dossier della polizia segreta contro Vavilov, Peter Pringle ricostruisce la trama che portò all’assassinio di questo studioso brillante e profondamente umano, vittima della demagogia anti-scientifica e della cieca ideologia. Un visionario che, come sottolinea Carlo Petrini nella prefazione al volume, già un secolo fa aveva capito che «la biodiversità agricola è la chiave per la sicurezza e la sovranità alimentare a livello mondiale».