Major Changes In Cyclical Behavior
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Major Changes In Cyclical Behavior
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Author : Victor Zarnowitz
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1984
Major Changes In Cyclical Behavior written by Victor Zarnowitz and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1984 with Business cycles categories.
Various structural, institutional, and policy changes have contributed to the evolution of business cycles, since World War II business expansions have been much longer and contractions much shorter than before. Over nearly 200 years of U.S. history expansions have been long relative to contractions when prices had upward secular trends, and shorter when price trends were down. The rising price trend since the 1930's fits this pattern, although we find no association between the rate of inflation during each business cycle and the relative duration of the phases. Shifts in the industrial composition of employment, in labor-force participation, and in the distribution of personal income have all contributed to the post-1945 moderation of cyclical amplitudes. The variability of economic change was low by historical standards in both 1948-69 and 1969-81, although the inflation rate was much higher and real growth on the average lower after 1969. The recent long-term inflation is attributable mainly to the new persistence of upward price movements in business cycle contractions rather than to more rapid price increases during expansions. But prices have always been sensitive to the degree of severity of business contractions, and they still are. The same is true of short-terminterest rates, although they became more sensitive during 1949-82 than before. Despite the deep changes in the economy, many basic characteristics of the business cycle remain unchanged, notably the timing relationships among groups of leading and lagging indicators.
Methods Of Measuring Cyclical Behavior Changes In Cyclical Behavior And Average Measures
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Author : Wesley Clair Mitchell
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1939
Methods Of Measuring Cyclical Behavior Changes In Cyclical Behavior And Average Measures written by Wesley Clair Mitchell and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1939 with Business cycles categories.
The Cyclical Behavior Of Prices
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Author : Geoffrey Hoyt Moore
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1971
The Cyclical Behavior Of Prices written by Geoffrey Hoyt Moore and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1971 with Price indexes categories.
The American Business Cycle
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Author : Robert J. Gordon
language : en
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Release Date : 2007-11-01
The American Business Cycle written by Robert J. Gordon and has been published by University of Chicago Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-11-01 with Business & Economics categories.
In recent decades the American economy has experienced the worst peace-time inflation in its history and the highest unemployment rate since the Great Depression. These circumstances have prompted renewed interest in the concept of business cycles, which Joseph Schumpeter suggested are "like the beat of the heart, of the essence of the organism that displays them." In The American Business Cycle, some of the most prominent macroeconomics in the United States focuses on the questions, To what extent are business cycles propelled by external shocks? How have post-1946 cycles differed from earlier cycles? And, what are the major factors that contribute to business cycles? They extend their investigation in some areas as far back as 1875 to afford a deeper understanding of both economic history and the most recent economic fluctuations. Seven papers address specific aspects of economic activity: consumption, investment, inventory change, fiscal policy, monetary behavior, open economy, and the labor market. Five papers focus on aggregate economic activity. In a number of cases, the papers present findings that challenge widely accepted models and assumptions. In addition to its substantive findings, The American Business Cycle includes an appendix containing both the first published history of the NBER business-cycle dating chronology and many previously unpublished historical data series.
Methods Of Measuring Cyclical Behavior The Technique Of Measuring Cyclical Behavior
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Author : Wesley Clair Mitchell
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1939
Methods Of Measuring Cyclical Behavior The Technique Of Measuring Cyclical Behavior written by Wesley Clair Mitchell and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1939 with Business cycles categories.
What Happens During Business Cycles
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Author : Wesley Clair Mitchell
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1951
What Happens During Business Cycles written by Wesley Clair Mitchell and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1951 with Business cycles categories.
Cyclical Behavior Of Fiscal Policy Among Sub Saharan African Countries
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Author : Mr.Tetsuya Konuki
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2016-08-24
Cyclical Behavior Of Fiscal Policy Among Sub Saharan African Countries written by Mr.Tetsuya Konuki and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-08-24 with Business & Economics categories.
Excessively procyclical fiscal policy can be harmful. This paper investigates to what extent the fiscal policies of sub-Saharan African countries were procyclical in recent years and the reasons for the degree of fiscal procyclicality among these countries. It finds that a tendency for procyclical fiscal policy was particularly pronounced among oil exporters and after the global financial crisis. It also finds a statistically significant causal link running from deeper financial markets and higher reserves coverage to lower fiscal policy procyclicality. Fiscal rules supported by strong political commitment and institutions seem to be key to facilitating progress for deeper financial markets and stronger reserves coverage.
Business Cycles
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Author : Victor Zarnowitz
language : en
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Release Date : 2007-11-01
Business Cycles written by Victor Zarnowitz and has been published by University of Chicago Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-11-01 with Business & Economics categories.
This volume presents the most complete collection available of the work of Victor Zarnowitz, a leader in the study of business cycles, growth, inflation, and forecasting.. With characteristic insight, Zarnowitz examines theories of the business cycle, including Keynesian and monetary theories and more recent rational expectation and real business cycle theories. He also measures trends and cycles in economic activity; evaluates the performance of leading indicators and their composite measures; surveys forecasting tools and performance of business and academic economists; discusses historical changes in the nature and sources of business cycles; and analyzes how successfully forecasting firms and economists predict such key economic variables as interest rates and inflation.
Hysteresis And Business Cycles
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Author : Ms.Valerie Cerra
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2020-05-29
Hysteresis And Business Cycles written by Ms.Valerie Cerra and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-05-29 with Business & Economics categories.
Traditionally, economic growth and business cycles have been treated independently. However, the dependence of GDP levels on its history of shocks, what economists refer to as “hysteresis,” argues for unifying the analysis of growth and cycles. In this paper, we review the recent empirical and theoretical literature that motivate this paradigm shift. The renewed interest in hysteresis has been sparked by the persistence of the Global Financial Crisis and fears of a slow recovery from the Covid-19 crisis. The findings of the recent literature have far-reaching conceptual and policy implications. In recessions, monetary and fiscal policies need to be more active to avoid the permanent scars of a downturn. And in good times, running a high-pressure economy could have permanent positive effects.
Employment Cost Index And Employee Benefits Survey
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1995
Employment Cost Index And Employee Benefits Survey written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995 with Charts, diagrams, etc categories.