Male Life Expectancy
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Explaining Divergent Levels Of Longevity In High Income Countries
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2011-06-27
Explaining Divergent Levels Of Longevity In High Income Countries written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-06-27 with Social Science categories.
During the last 25 years, life expectancy at age 50 in the United States has been rising, but at a slower pace than in many other high-income countries, such as Japan and Australia. This difference is particularly notable given that the United States spends more on health care than any other nation. Concerned about this divergence, the National Institute on Aging asked the National Research Council to examine evidence on its possible causes. According to Explaining Divergent Levels of Longevity in High-Income Countries, the nation's history of heavy smoking is a major reason why lifespans in the United States fall short of those in many other high-income nations. Evidence suggests that current obesity levels play a substantial part as well. The book reports that lack of universal access to health care in the U.S. also has increased mortality and reduced life expectancy, though this is a less significant factor for those over age 65 because of Medicare access. For the main causes of death at older ages-cancer and cardiovascular disease-available indicators do not suggest that the U.S. health care system is failing to prevent deaths that would be averted elsewhere. In fact, cancer detection and survival appear to be better in the U.S. than in most other high-income nations, and survival rates following a heart attack also are favorable. Explaining Divergent Levels of Longevity in High-Income Countries identifies many gaps in research. For instance, while lung cancer deaths are a reliable marker of the damage from smoking, no clear-cut marker exists for obesity, physical inactivity, social integration, or other risks considered in this book. Moreover, evaluation of these risk factors is based on observational studies, which-unlike randomized controlled trials-are subject to many biases.
Trends In Mortality Differentials And Life Expectancy For Male Social Security Covered Workers By Average Relative Earnings
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Author : Hilary Waldron
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2007
Trends In Mortality Differentials And Life Expectancy For Male Social Security Covered Workers By Average Relative Earnings written by Hilary Waldron and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with Life expectancy categories.
International Differences In Mortality At Older Ages
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2011-02-27
International Differences In Mortality At Older Ages written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-02-27 with Social Science categories.
In 1950 men and women in the United States had a combined life expectancy of 68.9 years, the 12th highest life expectancy at birth in the world. Today, life expectancy is up to 79.2 years, yet the country is now 28th on the list, behind the United Kingdom, Korea, Canada, and France, among others. The United States does have higher rates of infant mortality and violent deaths than in other developed countries, but these factors do not fully account for the country's relatively poor ranking in life expectancy. International Differences in Mortality at Older Ages: Dimensions and Sources examines patterns in international differences in life expectancy above age 50 and assesses the evidence and arguments that have been advanced to explain the poor position of the United States relative to other countries. The papers in this deeply researched volume identify gaps in measurement, data, theory, and research design and pinpoint areas for future high-priority research in this area. In addition to examining the differences in mortality around the world, the papers in International Differences in Mortality at Older Ages look at health factors and life-style choices commonly believed to contribute to the observed international differences in life expectancy. They also identify strategic opportunities for health-related interventions. This book offers a wide variety of disciplinary and scholarly perspectives to the study of mortality, and it offers in-depth analyses that can serve health professionals, policy makers, statisticians, and researchers.
Male Life Expectancy
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Author : Anthony Ekanem
language : en
Publisher: Anthony Ekanem
Release Date : 2016-08-20
Male Life Expectancy written by Anthony Ekanem and has been published by Anthony Ekanem this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-08-20 with Travel categories.
It is the desire of all humans to live long on earth and fulfil their purpose for existence. Many have desired to live up to 80, 90, 100 and some even wish to live longer. While this desire to live long is a legitimate one, it often happens that people die when they least wished or expected. Historically, women live longer than men and this trend may continue for centuries and perhaps longer. Even with the sizable risk conferred by childbirth, women lived longer than men in 1900, and it appears that women have out survived men at least since the 1500s, when the first reliable mortality data were kept. Sweden was the first country to collect data on death rates nationally; in that country's earliest records, between 1751 and 1790, the average life expectancy at birth was 36.6 years for women and 33.7 years for men. Death rates in less developed countries, whose citizens have limited access to cars, guns and maternal care, also provide a measure of mortality before modernity. At present, the only countries in which male life expectancy exceeds that for females are those with long-standing sexual discrimination - including Bangladesh, India and Pakistan - where social pressures and practices such as female infanticide and bride-burning result in unique "losses" of females. The fact that women live longer than men does not necessarily mean that they enjoy better health than men. It could be that women live with their diseases, while men die from them. Indeed, there is a difference between the sexes in disease patterns, with women having more chronic non-fatal conditions - such as arthritis, osteoporosis and autoimmune disorders - and men having more fatal conditions, such as heart disease and cancer.
High And Rising Mortality Rates Among Working Age Adults
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Author : National Academies of Sciences Engineering and Medicine
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2021-12-02
High And Rising Mortality Rates Among Working Age Adults written by National Academies of Sciences Engineering and Medicine and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-12-02 with categories.
Trends In Mortality Differentials And Life Expectancy For Male Social Security Covered Workers By Average Relative Earnings
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Author : Hilary Waldron
language : en
Publisher: BiblioGov
Release Date : 2013-06
Trends In Mortality Differentials And Life Expectancy For Male Social Security Covered Workers By Average Relative Earnings written by Hilary Waldron and has been published by BiblioGov this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-06 with categories.
This study presents an analysis of trends in mortality differentials and life expectancy by average relative earnings for male Social Security-covered workers aged 60 or older. Mortality differentials, cohort life expectancies, and period life expectancies by average relative earnings are estimated. Period life expectancy estimates for the United States are also compared with those of other Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries. In general, for birth cohorts spanning the years 1912-1941 (or deaths spanning the years 1972-2001 at ages 60-89), the top half of the average relative earnings distribution has experienced faster mortality improvement than has the bottom half. The sample is expected to be selectively healthier than the general population because of a requirement that men included in the sample have some positive earnings from ages 45 through 55. This requirement is expected to exclude some of the most at-risk members of the U.S. population because of the strong correlation between labor force participation and health.
Joint Probabilistic Projection Of Female And Male Life Expectancy
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Author : Nevena Lalic
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
Joint Probabilistic Projection Of Female And Male Life Expectancy written by Nevena Lalic and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with Life expectancy categories.
Life Expectancy At Birth Males
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date :
Life Expectancy At Birth Males written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with categories.
Measuring Country Performance On Health
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Author : Jia Wang
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 1999
Measuring Country Performance On Health written by Jia Wang and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with Medical categories.
"Health outcomes constitute one natural starting point for assessment of the consequences of policies affecting health systems. Yet country characteristics also influence health outcomes." Performance on health outcomes is critical for human welfare, and, until now, country decisionmakers and policy analysts have had no systematic way to judge performance. This report provides them with that capacity. This report contains the results for 15 countries at five-year intervals from 1960 to 1990 on six health indicators: under-five mortality rates, total fertility rates, adult mortality rates for males and females, and life expectancy at birth for males and females. In this report, the authors take aspects of health system performance and describe how countries compare with each other and how their own performance has improved or failed to improve over time. The goal of the study is to prepare a reference document that provides measures that can be used to assess the consequences of policy. Part of the Health, Nutrition, and Population Series (HNP).
The Growing Gap In Life Expectancy By Income
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Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2015-09-17
The Growing Gap In Life Expectancy By Income written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-09-17 with Social Science categories.
The U.S. population is aging. Social Security projections suggest that between 2013 and 2050, the population aged 65 and over will almost double, from 45 million to 86 million. One key driver of population aging is ongoing increases in life expectancy. Average U.S. life expectancy was 67 years for males and 73 years for females five decades ago; the averages are now 76 and 81, respectively. It has long been the case that better-educated, higher-income people enjoy longer life expectancies than less-educated, lower-income people. The causes include early life conditions, behavioral factors (such as nutrition, exercise, and smoking behaviors), stress, and access to health care services, all of which can vary across education and income. Our major entitlement programs - Medicare, Medicaid, Social Security, and Supplemental Security Income - have come to deliver disproportionately larger lifetime benefits to higher-income people because, on average, they are increasingly collecting those benefits over more years than others. This report studies the impact the growing gap in life expectancy has on the present value of lifetime benefits that people with higher or lower earnings will receive from major entitlement programs. The analysis presented in The Growing Gap in Life Expectancy by Income goes beyond an examination of the existing literature by providing the first comprehensive estimates of how lifetime benefits are affected by the changing distribution of life expectancy. The report also explores, from a lifetime benefit perspective, how the growing gap in longevity affects traditional policy analyses of reforms to the nation's leading entitlement programs. This in-depth analysis of the economic impacts of the longevity gap will inform debate and assist decision makers, economists, and researchers.