Market Size Trade And Productivity

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Market Size Trade And Productivity

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Author : Marc J. Melitz
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2005

Market Size Trade And Productivity written by Marc J. Melitz and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with Commercial policy categories.

We develop a monopolistically competitive model of trade with firm heterogeneity - in terms of productivity differences - and endogenous differences in the 'toughness' of competition across markets - in terms of the number and average productivity of competing firms. We analyze how these features vary across markets of different size that are not perfectly integrated through trade; we then study the effects of different trade liberalization policies. In our model, market size and trade affect the toughness of competition, which then feeds back into the selection of heterogeneous producers and exporters in that market. Aggregate productivity and average markups thus respond to both the size of a market and the extent of its integration through trade (larger, more integrated markets exhibit higher productivity and lower markups). Our model remains highly tractable, even when extended to a general framework with multiple asymmetric countries integrated to different extents through asymmetric trade costs. We believe this provides a useful modeling framework that is particularly well suited to the analysis of trade and regional integration policy scenarios in an environment with heterogeneous firms and endogenous markups.

Multinational Enterprises International Trade And Productivity Growth

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Author : Wolfgang Keller
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2003-12-01

Multinational Enterprises International Trade And Productivity Growth written by Wolfgang Keller and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-12-01 with Business & Economics categories.

We estimate international technology spillovers to U.S. manufacturing firms via imports and foreign direct investment (FDI) between 1987 and 1996. In contrast to earlier work, our results suggest that FDI leads to substantial productivity gains for domestic firms. The size of FDI spillovers is economically important, accounting for about 11 percent of productivity growth in U.S. firms between 1987 and 1996. In addition, there is some evidence for import-related spillovers, but it is weaker than for FDI spillovers. The paper also gives a detailed account of why our study leads to results different from those found in previous work. This analysis indicates that our results are also likely to apply to other countries and periods.

Researching The Trade Productivity Link

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Author : James R. Tybout
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 1991

Researching The Trade Productivity Link written by James R. Tybout and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1991 with Comercio categories.

No stable, predictable correlations have emerged in studies of how trade policy affects productivity growth but market concentration seems to be an important factor. Research also suggests that increased foreign competition tends to induce cuts in plant size, may improve technical efficiency, and appears not to be closely linked with firm entry patterns.

Industrial Competition Shifts In Market Share And Productivity Growth

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Author : John Russel Baldwin
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2004

Industrial Competition Shifts In Market Share And Productivity Growth written by John Russel Baldwin and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Competition categories.

The Oxford Handbook Of Productivity Analysis

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Author : Emili Grifell-Tatjé
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2018-08-07

The Oxford Handbook Of Productivity Analysis written by Emili Grifell-Tatjé and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-08-07 with Business & Economics categories.

Productivity underpins business success and national well-being and thus it is crucial to understand the factors that influence productivity growth. This volume provides a comprehensive exploration into the significance of productivity growth for business, the economy, and for social economic progress. It examines how productivity is defined, measured and implemented. It also surveys the dispersion of productivity across time and place, focusing on the productivity dynamics that either leads to a reallocation of resources that reduces dispersion and increases aggregate productivity or, conversely, allows dispersion to persist behind barriers to productivity-enhancing reallocation. A third focus is an investigation of the drivers of, or impediments to, productivity growth, some of which are organizational in nature and under management control and others of which are institutional in nature and subject to public policy intervention. The Oxford Handbook of Productivity Analysis contains contributions of distinguished productivity experts from around the world who analyze a wide range of timely issues. These issues concern purely analytical topics surrounding the measurement of productivity in various situations, beginning with the ideal situation in which all inputs and all outputs, and their prices, are observed accurately. They also include service sectors such as education in which the services provided are hard to define, much less measure, and other sectors that generate undesirable environmental externalities that are difficult to price and complicate the very definition of productivity. The issues also involve business management topics ranging from the role of business models and benchmarking to the quality of management practices, the adoption of new technologies, and possible complementarities between the two. The relationship between productivity and business performance is also explored. At a more aggregate level the issues range from the impacts of market power, incentive regulation, international trade and global value chains on productivity, to the contribution of productivity to economic development and economic welfare.

Industrial Competition Shifts In Market Share And Productivity Growth

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Author : John R. Baldwin
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2009

Industrial Competition Shifts In Market Share And Productivity Growth written by John R. Baldwin and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with categories.

This paper investigates the extent to which productivity growth is the result of turnover - the process that shifts output from one firm to another as a result of the competitive process. Turnover occurs because some firms gain market share and others lose it. Some turnover is due to entry and exit. The other part arises from growth and decline in incumbent continuing producers. The paper proposes a method for measuring the impact of plant turnover on productivity growth and outlines how this contribution has changed in Canada as a result of substantial trade liberalization in the 1990s.

Market Size And Tfp In The Melitz Model

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Author : Gabriel J. Felbermayr
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018

Market Size And Tfp In The Melitz Model written by Gabriel J. Felbermayr and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with categories.

Trade theory in the Krugman tradition predicts a positive correlation between market size and countries' total factor productivity (TFP). However, in the data, there is no such correlation. Models with heterogeneous firms and selection can reconcile theory and empirics, when the degree of external economies of scale is lower than assumed in the standard CES case. Realistically, larger countries have an over-proportionate share of firms. With export selection, these countries have more input varieties available, but they also have a lower average productivity of firms. Which of these effects dominates depends on the degree of external economies of scale.

Trade And Productivity Effects On Firm Behavior

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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008

Trade And Productivity Effects On Firm Behavior written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with Industrial productivity categories.

This dissertation's three essays investigate trade and productivity effects on firm behavior based on new heterogeneous-firms trade models in the case of Korea. In the first essay, firms' decision to export in the case of Korean manufacturing industries is examined, where the change in firms' productivity before and after exports are analyzed. In particular, two common hypotheses of export decision - self-selection and learning-by-exporting- are tested using a dynamic model of firm export behavior and a Korean firm-level panel database. Evidence of self-selection is found in only three out of eight industries, but that of learning-by-exporting is limited. Sunk-cost or previous-export-experience effect on the predicted export probability is relatively larger than that of firms' productivity and size. The second essay investigates the effect of trade cost changes on firms' entry and exit in Korean manufacturing. Empirical support is found for new trade theories' predictions on firm entry and exit, and the number of exporting firms, and changes in market share following trade-cost changes. However, Korean manufacturing appears to differ from some of the outcomes of the heterogeneous-firms theory, especially in the result that large firms are less likely to be a new exporter. Rather, smaller and less capital-intensive firms tended to enter the export market. In general, the results of this essay show that changing trade costs had important consequences for the structure of manufacturing activity in Korea. In the final essay, the differences in the scale economies of exporters and non-exporters in Korean manufacturing are investigated. Results from estimating a production function show that exporters face diseconomies of scale in four of five industries. A matching technique confirms the difference in returns to scale between exporters and non-exporters. The evidence that size and hence, scale economies may be less important for trade participation and gains from overseas market, bodes well for small or medium exporters. In summary, this dissertation has improved the understanding of the relationships among trade, productivity and firm behavior. The key determinant of firms' export behavior in the Korean context appears to be previous experience in overseas markets. Not surprisingly, the Korean government has invested heavily in lowering their firms' cost of accessing foreign markets. In industries where Korea has a comparative advantage, high productivity of firms appears to promote trade participation. However, productivity growth in other industries is low and falling, in some cases. A balanced approach to investments in productivity and export promotion would sustain and improve Korean manufacturing's competitiveness in global markets.

Market Size Division Of Labor And Firm Productivity

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Author : Thomas Chaney
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012

Market Size Division Of Labor And Firm Productivity written by Thomas Chaney and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with Business enterprises categories.

We generalize Krugman's (1979) 'new trade' model by allowing for an explicit production chain in which a range of tasks is performed sequentially by a number of specialized teams. We demonstrate that an increase in market size induces a deeper division of labor among these teams which leads to an increase in firm productivity. The paper can be thought of as a formalization of Smith's (1776) famous theorem that the division of labor is limited by the extent of the market. It also sheds light on how market size differences can limit the scope for international technology transfers.

European Productivity Innovation And Competitiveness

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Author : Mr.Andrew Tiffin
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2014-05-09

European Productivity Innovation And Competitiveness written by Mr.Andrew Tiffin and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-05-09 with Business & Economics categories.

In Italy, price-based competitiveness measures are not always an accurate predictor of trade outcomes. This paper offers a more comprehensive assessment of Italian competitiveness, focusing on the role of innovation and the evolution of Italy’s export market share. Overall, Italy maintains a high-quality export mix, and the adaptability of small-scale specialized firms is still a source of strength. But, small firm size is becoming less of an asset, and even the most innovative sectors are weighed down by the structural barriers that have depressed productivity more broadly. Italy’s future competitiveness will depend on full implementation of a comprehensive structural-reform agenda.