Mars Sample Return
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Mars Sample Return
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Author : Task Group on Issues in Sample Return
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 1997-03-14
Mars Sample Return written by Task Group on Issues in Sample Return and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997-03-14 with Science categories.
The Space Studies Board of the National Research Council (NRC) serves as the primary adviser to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) on planetary protection policy, the purpose of which is to preserve conditions for future biological and organic exploration of planets and other solar system objects and to protect Earth and its biosphere from potential extraterrestrial sources of contamination. In October 1995 the NRC received a letter from NASA requesting that the Space Studies Board examine and provide advice on planetary protection issues related to possible sample-return missions to near-Earth solar system bodies.
Mars Sample Return Mission
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Author : J. Pieter de Vries
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1984
Mars Sample Return Mission written by J. Pieter de Vries and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1984 with Mars (Planet) categories.
Mission and vehicle concepts were developed for obtaining surface and sub-surface samples of Mars, by a roving vehicle, and returning the samples to Earth.
Mars Sample Handling And Requirements Panel Msharp
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Author : Michael H. Carr
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1999
Mars Sample Handling And Requirements Panel Msharp written by Michael H. Carr and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with Mars (Planet) categories.
In anticipation of the return of samples from Mars toward the end of the first decade of the next century, NASA's Office of Space Sciences chartered a panel to examine how Mars samples should be handled. The panel was to make recommendations in three areas: sample collection and transport back to Earth; certification of the samples as nonhazardous; and sample receiving, curation, and distribution. This summarizes the findings of that panel.
Assessment Of Planetary Protection Requirements For Mars Sample Return Missions
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2009-06-06
Assessment Of Planetary Protection Requirements For Mars Sample Return Missions written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-06-06 with Science categories.
NASA maintains a planetary protection policy to avoid the forward biological contamination of other worlds by terrestrial organisms, and back biological contamination of Earth from the return of extraterrestrial materials by spaceflight missions. Forward-contamination issues related to Mars missions were addressed in a 2006 National Research Council (NRC) book, Preventing the Forward Contamination of Mars. However, it has been more than 10 years since back-contamination issues were last examined. Driven by a renewed interest in Mars sample return missions, this book reviews, updates, and replaces the planetary protection conclusions and recommendations contained in the NRC's 1997 report Mars Sample Return: Issues and Recommendations. The specific issues addressed in this book include the following: The potential for living entities to be included in samples returned from Mars; Scientific investigations that should be conducted to reduce uncertainty in the above assessment; The potential for large-scale effects on Earth's environment by any returned entity released to the environment; Criteria for intentional sample release, taking note of current and anticipated regulatory frameworks; and The status of technological measures that could be taken on a mission to prevent the inadvertent release of a returned sample into Earth's biosphere.
Mars Sample Return Mission
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Author : National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
language : en
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
Release Date : 2018-07-27
Mars Sample Return Mission written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and has been published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-07-27 with categories.
Two scenarios for accomplishing a Mars Sample Return mission are presented herein. Mission A is a low cost, low mass scenario, while Mission B is a high technology, high science alternative. Mission A begins with the launch of one Titan IV rocket with a Centaur G' upper stage. The Centaur performs the trans-Mars injection burn and is then released. The payload consists of two lander packages and the Orbital Transfer Vehicle, which is responsible for supporting the landers during launch and interplanetary cruise. After descending to the surface, the landers deploy small, local rovers to collect samples. Mission B starts with 4 Titan IV launches, used to place the parts of the Planetary Transfer Vehicle (PTV) into orbit. The fourth launch payload is able to move to assemble the entire vehicle by simple docking routines. Once complete, the PTV begins a low thrust trajectory out from low Earth orbit, through interplanetary space, and into low Martian orbit. It deploys a communication satellite into a 1/2 sol orbit and then releases the lander package at 500 km altitude. The lander package contains the lander, the Mars Ascent Vehicle (MAV), two lighter than air rovers (called Aereons), and one conventional land rover. The entire package is contained with a biconic aeroshell. After release from the PTV, the lander package descends to the surface, where all three rovers are released to collect samples and map the terrain. Unspecified Center NASA-CR-189970, NAS 1.26:189970 NASW-4435...
Planetary Protection Classification Of Sample Return Missions From The Martian Moons
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Author : European Science Foundation
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2019-07-20
Planetary Protection Classification Of Sample Return Missions From The Martian Moons written by European Science Foundation and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-07-20 with Science categories.
An international consensus policy to prevent the biological cross-contamination of planetary bodies exists and is maintained by the Committee on Space Research (COSPAR) of the International Council for Science, which is consultative to the United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space. Currently, COSPAR's planetary protection policy does not specify the status of sample-return missions from Phobos or Deimos, the moons of Mars. Although the moons themselves are not considered potential habitats for life or of intrinsic relevance to prebiotic chemical evolution, recent studies indicate that a significant amount of material recently ejected from Mars could be present on the surface of Phobos and, to a lesser extent, Deimos. This report reviews recent theoretical, experimental, and modeling research on the environments and physical conditions encountered by Mars ejecta during certain processes. It recommends whether missions returning samples from Phobos and/or Deimos should be classified as "restricted" or "unrestricted" Earth return in the framework of the planetary protection policy maintained by COSPAR. This report also considers the specific ways the classification of sample return from Deimos is a different case than sample return from Phobos.
Mars Sample Return Mission
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Author : James R. French
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1986
Mars Sample Return Mission written by James R. French and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1986 with Mars (Planet) categories.
Bringing Home A Piece Of Mars
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Author : David Portree
language : en
Publisher: Springer-Praxis
Release Date : 2006-04-01
Bringing Home A Piece Of Mars written by David Portree and has been published by Springer-Praxis this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-04-01 with Science categories.
Bringing Home a Piece of Mars will bring together in book form, for the first time, all credible and accessible information on previous robotic Mars spacecraft and detailing all projected plans for future piloted and robotic Mars Sample Return (MSR) missions. The roots of future exploration extend back to the 1960s and '70s, to programmes such as the cancelled Voyager Venus-Mars programme; the highly successful Mariners 4, 6, 7 and 9 spacecraft; the Soviet Luna sample returns missions, Mars missions and Phobos probes. More recently, interest in a Mars Sample Return has been heightened by the exciting results of Mars Global Surveyor, Mars Pathfinder/Sojourner, Mars Odyssey, and the Mars Express/Beagle 2, and Mars Exploration Rover missions now underway. Drawing on key interviews with MSR planning participants and Mars scientists, this is the first-ever overview in one book of MSR and related issues such as planetary protection, and the mission's role as a precursor to future piloted Mars exploration. It provides a unique insight into the history of Mars Sample Return and its future implementation, a critical mission in the exploration of Mars and the search for life elsewhere in the Solar System.
The Quarantine And Certification Of Martian Samples
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2002-05-16
The Quarantine And Certification Of Martian Samples written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002-05-16 with Science categories.
One of the highest-priority activities in the planetary sciences identified in published reports of the Space Studies Board's Committee on Planetary and Lunar Exploration (COMPLEX) and in reports of other advisory groups is the collection and return of extraterrestrial samples to Earth for study in terrestrial laboratories. In response to recommendations made in such studies, NASA has initiated a vigorous program that will, within the next decade, collect samples from a variety of solar system environments. In particular the Mars Exploration Program is expected to launch spacecraft that are designed to collect samples of martian soil, rocks, and atmosphere and return them to Earth, perhaps as early as 2015. International treaty obligations mandate that NASA conduct such a program in a manner that avoids the cross-contamination of both Earth and Mars. The Space Studies Board's 1997 report Mars Sample Return: Issues and Recommendations examined many of the planetary-protection issues concerning the back contamination of Earth and concluded that, although the probability that martian samples will contain dangerous biota is small, it is not zero.1 Steps must be taken to protect Earth against the remote possibility of contamination by life forms that may have evolved on Mars. Similarly, the samples, collected at great expense, must be protected against contamination by terrestrial biota and other matter. Almost certainly, meeting these requirements will entail opening the sample-return container in an appropriate facility on Earth-presumably a BSL-4 laboratory-where testing, biosafety certification, and quarantine of the samples will be carried out before aliquots are released to the scientific community for study in existing laboratory facilities. The nature of the required quarantine facility, and the decisions required for disposition of samples once they are in it, were regarded as issues of sufficient importance and complexity to warrant a study by the Committee on Planetary and Lunar Exploration (COMPLEX) in isolation from other topics. (Previous studies have been much broader, including also consideration of the mission that collects samples on Mars and brings them to Earth, atmospheric entry, sample recovery, and transport to the quarantine facility.) The charge to COMPLEX stated that the central question to be addressed in this study is the following: What are the criteria that must be satisfied before martian samples can be released from a quarantine facility?
Project Hyreus
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Author : National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
language : en
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
Release Date : 2018-07-27
Project Hyreus written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and has been published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-07-27 with categories.
Project Hyreus is an unmanned Mars sample return mission that utilizes propellants manufactured in situ from the Martian atmosphere for the return voyage. A key goal of the mission is to demonstrate the considerable benefits of using indigenous resources and to test the viability of this approach as a precursor to manned Mars missions. The techniques, materials, and equipment used in Project Hyreus represent those that are currently available or that could be developed and readied in time for the proposed launch date in 2003. Project Hyreus includes such features as a Mars-orbiting satellite equipped with ground-penetrating radar, a large rover capable of sample gathering and detailed surface investigations, and a planetary science array to perform on-site research before samples are returned to Earth. Project Hyreus calls for the Mars Landing Vehicle to land in the Mangala Valles region of Mars, where it will remain for approximately 1.5 years. Methane and oxygen propellant for the Earth return voyage will be produced using carbon dioxide from the Martian atmosphere and a small supply of hydrogen brought from Earth. This process is key to returning a large Martian sample to Earth with a single Earth launch. Abrego, Anita and Bair, Chris and Hink, Anthony and Kim, Jae and Koch, Amber and Kruse, Ross and Ngo, Dung and Nicholson, Heather and Nill, Laurie and Perras, Craig Unspecified Center NASA-CR-197189, NAS 1.26:197189 NASW-4435...