Mauritius Addressing Inequality Through More Equitable Labor Markets
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Mauritius Addressing Inequality Through More Equitable Labor Markets
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Author : Weltbankgruppe
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
Mauritius Addressing Inequality Through More Equitable Labor Markets written by Weltbankgruppe and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with categories.
Mauritius is often cited ...
Mauritius Addressing Inequality Through More Equitable Labor Markets
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Author : World Bank Group
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018
Mauritius Addressing Inequality Through More Equitable Labor Markets written by World Bank Group and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with categories.
Mauritius is often cited as one of the few African success stories, and with good reason. In the aftermath of independence (1968), this small island nation in the Indian Ocean seemed to be bound for economic failure because of its high poverty rate and numerous vulnerabilities, including high population growth, ethnic tensions, substantial unemployment, and an economy greatly dependent on the production of sugar for international markets. However, Mauritius was successful in diversifying the economy and accomplishing an unprecedented structural transformation. The Inclusiveness of Growth and Shared Prosperity report (World Bank 2015a) turned the spotlight on the expanding gap of inequality in household incomes that occurred between 2007 and 2012 and on the negative impact on poverty. The report estimates that the incidence of absolute poverty between 2007 and 2012 would have declined twice as quickly had growth been shared more widely and inequality not worsened. Building on these earlier findings, this study investigates the driving forces behind the growing income inequality and identifies policy levers that could mitigate and, in the long run, possibly reverse the upward trend. This study takes a comprehensive approach to the determinants of inequality by including the role of the choices of households and individuals, markets, and institutions. The report is structured as follows. Chapter one sets the stage by presenting stylized facts on the trends in household income inequality between 2001 and 2015, comparing these trends with trends in consumption inequality, and identifying the main culprit behind the rapidly rising inequality in household incomes, that is, household labor income. Chapter two supplies a set of descriptive trends of the two groups of factors, namely, household demographics and labor market forces, that contribute to changes in household laborincome and follows up with a decomposition exercise on changes in household labor income between 2001 and 2015. Because the analysis indicates that an unequal increase in female labor force participation and rising inequality in individual earnings are among the main contributors to the expanding inequality in household labor income, Chapter three takes a deep dive into the issue of gender inequality in the labor market. The chapter illustrates the gender gap in labor market participation, describes the differences in the activities of working women in the labor market relative to men, and concludes with a detailed analysis of gender gaps in wages separately in the public and private sectors. Chapter four resumes the main analysis of the drivers of increasing inequality in individual earnings. The chapter first presents stylized facts about overall inequality in wages and then separates out changes in inequality between and within groups defined by demographic characteristics. The chapter distinguishes the role of changes in prices (or wages) and the role of changes in the composition of the workforce in rising earnings inequality. The second part of the chapter is devoted to the analysis of the role of the main potential drivers of expanding earnings inequality. The possible candidates include the interaction of changes in labor supply and labor demand, giving rise to skills shortages or surpluses, and changes in labor market institutions, namely, remuneration orders (ROs). The chapter concludes with an analysis of an additional source of skills mismatches among the employed population, namely, education mismatches, and advances potential explanations for the coexistence of a substantial skills shortage, over education, particularly among youth, and a large share of highly educated youth among the unemployed.
Mauritius
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Author : Mr.James Y. Yao
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2003-11-01
Mauritius written by Mr.James Y. Yao and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-11-01 with Business & Economics categories.
Despite strong economic growth, a "U"-curve unemployment phenomenon in Mauritius can be observed. Unemployment plunged from 21 percent to less than 4 percent between the early 1980s and the early 1990s, but this trend was reversed and the rate increased to 10 percent by end-2002. This paper provides an analytical framework to explain this development. The growth of higher-skilled sectors coupled with rigidities in the labor market seem to account for the observed unemployment behavior. Policy makers can improve employment prospects by not only investing in education to reduce skills mismatch but also by reforming the pay-setting institutions.
Labour Markets Institutions And Inequality
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Author : Janine Berg
language : en
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
Release Date : 2015-01-30
Labour Markets Institutions And Inequality written by Janine Berg and has been published by Edward Elgar Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-01-30 with Business & Economics categories.
Labour market institutions, including collective bargaining, the regulation of employment contracts and social protection policies, are instrumental for improving the well-being of workers, their families and society. In many countries, these instituti
Linguistic Diversity And Discrimination
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Author : Sender Dovchin
language : en
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Release Date : 2023-12-11
Linguistic Diversity And Discrimination written by Sender Dovchin and has been published by Taylor & Francis this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-12-11 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
This collection explores the ways in which women in academia from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds mediate the negotiation of linguistic discrimination and linguistic diversity in higher education, using autoethnography to make visible their lived experiences. The volume shows how women in academia from CaLD backgrounds, particularly those living or working in the Global South, draw on their multivalent complex linguistic backgrounds and cultural repertoires to cope with, and manage, linguistic and systemic gender discrimination. In adopting authoethnography as its key methodology, the book encourages these academics to ‘write themselves’ beyond the conventions from which women in academia have traditionally been forced to speak and write. The collection features perspectives from women across geographic contexts, sub-fields and levels of experience whose stories are not often told, putting at the fore their narratives, lived experiences and career trajectories in mediating issues around power, ideology, language policy, social justice, teaching and learning, and identity construction. In so doing, the book challenges the wider field to expand the borders of discussions on linguistic discrimination and higher education institutions to critically engage with these issues. This book will be of interest to scholars in applied linguistics, sociolinguistics and cultural studies.
Causes And Consequences Of Income Inequality
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Author : Ms.Era Dabla-Norris
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2015-06-15
Causes And Consequences Of Income Inequality written by Ms.Era Dabla-Norris and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-06-15 with Business & Economics categories.
This paper analyzes the extent of income inequality from a global perspective, its drivers, and what to do about it. The drivers of inequality vary widely amongst countries, with some common drivers being the skill premium associated with technical change and globalization, weakening protection for labor, and lack of financial inclusion in developing countries. We find that increasing the income share of the poor and the middle class actually increases growth while a rising income share of the top 20 percent results in lower growth—that is, when the rich get richer, benefits do not trickle down. This suggests that policies need to be country specific but should focus on raising the income share of the poor, and ensuring there is no hollowing out of the middle class. To tackle inequality, financial inclusion is imperative in emerging and developing countries while in advanced economies, policies should focus on raising human capital and skills and making tax systems more progressive.
Inclusive Growth And The Incidence Of Fiscal Policy In Mauritius
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Author : Mr.Antonio David
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2013-05-17
Inclusive Growth And The Incidence Of Fiscal Policy In Mauritius written by Mr.Antonio David and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-05-17 with Business & Economics categories.
Using data from three household surveys, we review whether growth in Mauritius was inclusive and discuss the incidence of public expenditures and taxes. Generally, Mauritius enjoys an even income distribution and low rates of poverty. Nevertheless, over the 2000s, despite overall progress, the benefits of growth appear to have become more skewed. Employment income is the main contributor to inequality in Mauritius. Social protection expenditures reduce poverty and inequality, but could be better targeted, particularly for pensions. Income taxes are progressive, though given their small relative weight they have a negligible impact on income distribution. The VAT appears relatively progressive compared to other developing countries, although its impact on the overall distribution is also small. With better targeting of the sizable social spending, significant further progress in poverty alleviation could be achieved.
Africa S Fourth Industrial Revolution
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Author : Landry Signé
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2023-03-31
Africa S Fourth Industrial Revolution written by Landry Signé and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-03-31 with Political Science categories.
With the rise of new technologies and disruptive innovations reshaping the global economy, the Fourth Industrial Revolution has been characterized as a fusion between the physical, digital, and biological worlds. From the increasing adoption of mobile devices to the entrepreneurial use of 3D printing, artificial intelligence, and robotics, trends across Africa speak to the continent's potential for growth and sustainable development in the Fourth Industrial Revolution. In this innovative and timely study, Landry Signé examines the meaning, drivers, and implications of the Fourth Industrial Revolution for Africa. Drawing upon comparative, continent-wide analysis, Signé powerfully challenges our understandings of Africa's transformation and sheds light on the potential of the Fourth Industrial Revolution to change and shape the Global South. By defining and investigating the Fourth Industrial Revolution, Signé develops a valuable framework for further study and suggests strategies that Africans and their global partners can use to capitalize upon this rapidly evolving technological landscape.
Designing Labor Market Institutions In Emerging And Developing Economies
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Author : Mr.Romain A Duval
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2019-05-21
Designing Labor Market Institutions In Emerging And Developing Economies written by Mr.Romain A Duval and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-05-21 with Business & Economics categories.
This paper discusses theoretical aspects and evidences related to designing labor market institutions in emerging market and developing economies. This note reviews the state of theory and evidence on the design of labor market institutions in a developing economy context and then reviews its consistency with actual labor market advice in a selected set of emerging and developing economies. The focus is mainly on three broad sets of institutions that matter for both workers’ protection and labor market efficiency: employment protection, unemployment insurance and social assistance, minimum wages and collective bargaining. Text mining techniques are used to identify IMF recommendations in these areas in Article IV Reports for 30 emerging and frontier economies over 2005–2016. This note has provided a critical review of the literature on the design of labor market institutions in emerging and developing market economies, and benchmarked the advice featured in IMF recommendations for 30 emerging market and frontier economies against the tentative conclusions from the literature.
Elites And The Politics Of Accountability In Africa
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Author : Wale Adebanwi
language : en
Publisher: University of Michigan Press
Release Date : 2021-05-24
Elites And The Politics Of Accountability In Africa written by Wale Adebanwi and has been published by University of Michigan Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-05-24 with HISTORY categories.
Studying elites through the framework of accountability