Measurement Across The Sciences
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Measurement Across The Sciences
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Author : Luca Mari
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2021-03-30
Measurement Across The Sciences written by Luca Mari and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-03-30 with Science categories.
This book proposes a conceptual framework for understanding measurement across a broad range of scientific fields and areas of application, such as physics, engineering, education, and psychology. The authors, who themselves span these disciplines, argue that the justification of the public trust attributed to measurement results can in principle apply identically to both physical and psychosocial properties. They further argue that the lack of a common conceptualization of measurement hampers interdisciplinary communication and limits the ability to share knowledge. They advance their views by first surveying the conceptual history of the philosophy of measurement and arguing that classical, operationalist and representational perspectives on measurement each make important contributions but also each have important shortcomings. A synthesis is then offered as the foundation for a new conceptual framework. The authors describe how the framework, which operates as a shared concept system, supports understanding measurement’s work in different domains, using examples in the physical and human sciences. They consider connections and consequences with respect to causality, objectivity, and intersubjectivity, among other topics, and how measurement science concepts and issues are construed across these disciplines and settings. They also address contemporary issues and controversies within measurement in the light of the framework, including operationalism, definitional uncertainty, and the relations between measurement and computation. The book concludes with a justification for the basic claim that measurement is an empirical and informational process that produces explicitly justifiable information. Researchers and academics across a wide range of disciplines including biological, physical, social and behavioral scientists, as well as specialists in measurement and philosophy will appreciate the work’s fresh and provocative approach to the field at a time when sound measurements of complex scientific systems are increasingly essential to solving critical global problems.
Historical And Conceptual Foundations Of Measurement In The Human Sciences
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Author : Derek C. Briggs
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2021-09
Historical And Conceptual Foundations Of Measurement In The Human Sciences written by Derek C. Briggs and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-09 with Educational tests and measurements categories.
Historical and Conceptual Foundations of Measurement in the Human Sciences explores the assessment and measurement of non-physical attributes that define human beings: abilities, personalities, attitudes, dispositions, and values. The proposition that human attributes are measurable remains controversial, as do the ideas and innovations of the six historical figures--Gustav Fechner, Francis Galton, Alfred Binet, Charles Spearman, Louis Thurstone and S. S. Stevens--at the heart of this book. Across ten rich, elaborative chapters, readers are introduced to the origins of educational and psychological scaling, mental testing, classical test theory, factor analysis, and diagnostic classification; and to controversies spanning the quantity objection, the role of measurement in promoting eugenics, theories of intelligence, the measurement of attitudes, and beyond. Graduate students, researchers, and professionals in educational measurement and psychometrics will emerge with a deeper appreciation for both the challenges and the affordances of measurement in quantitative research.
Measurement And Probability
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Author : Giovanni Battista Rossi
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2014-05-19
Measurement And Probability written by Giovanni Battista Rossi and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-05-19 with Science categories.
Measurement plays a fundamental role both in physical and behavioral sciences, as well as in engineering and technology: it is the link between abstract models and empirical reality and is a privileged method of gathering information from the real world. Is it possible to develop a single theory of measurement for the various domains of science and technology in which measurement is involved? This book takes the challenge by addressing the following main issues: What is the meaning of measurement? How do we measure? What can be measured? A theoretical framework that could truly be shared by scientists in different fields, ranging from physics and engineering to psychology is developed. The future in fact will require greater collaboration between science and technology and between different sciences. Measurement, which played a key role in the birth of modern science, can act as an essential interdisciplinary tool and language for this new scenario. A sound theoretical basis for addressing key problems in measurement is provided. These include perceptual measurement, the evaluation of uncertainty, the evaluation of inter-comparisons, the analysis of risks in decision-making and the characterization of dynamical measurement. Currently, increasing attention is paid to these issues due to their scientific, technical, economic and social impact. The book proposes a unified probabilistic approach to them which may allow more rational and effective solutions to be reached. Great care was taken to make the text as accessible as possible in several ways. Firstly, by giving preference to as interdisciplinary a terminology as possible; secondly, by carefully defining and discussing all key terms. This ensures that a wide readership, including people from different mathematical backgrounds and different understandings of measurement can all benefit from this work. Concerning mathematics, all the main results are preceded by intuitive discussions and illustrated by simple examples. Moreover, precise proofs are always included in order to enable the more demanding readers to make conscious and creative use of these ideas, and also to develop new ones. The book demonstrates that measurement, which is commonly understood to be a merely experimental matter, poses theoretical questions which are no less challenging than those arising in other, apparently more theoretical, disciplines.
Measurement Theory And Applications For The Social Sciences
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Author : Deborah L. Bandalos
language : en
Publisher: Guilford Publications
Release Date : 2018-01-31
Measurement Theory And Applications For The Social Sciences written by Deborah L. Bandalos and has been published by Guilford Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-01-31 with Social Science categories.
Which types of validity evidence should be considered when determining whether a scale is appropriate for a given measurement situation? What about reliability evidence? Using clear explanations illustrated by examples from across the social and behavioral sciences, this engaging text prepares students to make effective decisions about the selection, administration, scoring, interpretation, and development of measurement instruments. Coverage includes the essential measurement topics of scale development, item writing and analysis, and reliability and validity, as well as more advanced topics such as exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, item response theory, diagnostic classification models, test bias and fairness, standard setting, and equating. End-of-chapter exercises (with answers) emphasize both computations and conceptual understanding to encourage readers to think critically about the material. ÿ
Models Measurement And Metrology Extending The Si
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Author : William P. Fisher, Jr.
language : en
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Release Date : 2024-09-23
Models Measurement And Metrology Extending The Si written by William P. Fisher, Jr. and has been published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-09-23 with Technology & Engineering categories.
The book focuses on the extension of quality-assured measurement and metrology into psychological and social domains. This is not only feasible and achievable, but also a pressing concern. Significant progress in developing a common conceptual system for measurement across the sciences has been made in recent collaborations between metrologists and psychometricians, as reported in the chapters of this book. Modeling, estimation, and interpretation of objectively reproducible unit quantities that support both general comparability and adaptation to unique local circumstances are demonstrated in fields as diverse as artificial intelligence, justice, and beauty perception.
Science Outside The Laboratory
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Author : Marcel Boumans
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
Release Date : 2015
Science Outside The Laboratory written by Marcel Boumans and has been published by Oxford University Press, USA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with Business & Economics categories.
Social science experiments often cannot be analyzed under controlled conditions, as many take place outside a laboratory. None-the-less, measurement provides scientists with a sound basis for collecting and analyzing the results of field research. Science Outside the Laboratory examines the relationship between measurement theory and field investigations through the philosophy of science.
Individuals Across The Sciences
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Author : Alexandre Guay
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
Release Date : 2016
Individuals Across The Sciences written by Alexandre Guay and has been published by Oxford University Press, USA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with Philosophy categories.
Knowing what individuals are and how they can be identified is a crucial question for both philosophers and scientists. This volume explores how different sciences handle the issue of understanding individuality, and reflects back on how this scientific work relates to metaphysics itself.
Handbook Of Quantitative Science And Technology Research
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Author : Henk F. Moed
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2004-09-10
Handbook Of Quantitative Science And Technology Research written by Henk F. Moed and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-09-10 with Science categories.
This handbook offers a state-of-the-art overview of quantitative science and technology research. It focuses on the development and application of indicators derived from data on scientific or scholarly publications and patents. It comprises 34 chapters written by leading specialists in the various sub-domains. These chapters deal with theoretical and methodological issues, illustrate applications, and highlight their policy context and relevance. Authors present a survey of the research topics they address, and show their most recent achievements. The 34 chapters are arranged into 5 parts: Disciplinary Approaches; General Methodology; The Science System; The Technology System; and The Science–Technology Interface. The Editor’s Introduction provides a further specification of the handbook’s scope and of the main topics addressed in its chapters. This handbook aims at four distinct groups of readers: – practitioners in the field of science and technology studies; – research students in this field; – scientists, scholars and technicians who are interested in a systematic, thorough analysis of their activities; – policy makers and administrators who wish to be informed about the potentialities and limitations of the various approaches and about their results.
Nasa S Science Activation Program
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Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2020-06-01
Nasa S Science Activation Program written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-06-01 with Education categories.
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is one of the United States' leading federal science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) agencies and plays an important role in the landscape of STEM education. In 2015, NASA's Science Mission Directorate (SMD) created the Science Activation (SciAct) program to increase the overall coherence of SMD's education efforts, to support more effective, sustainable, and efficient use of SMD science discoveries for education, and to enable NASA scientists and engineers to engage more effectively and efficiently in the STEM learning environment with learners of all ages. SciAct is now transitioning into its second round of funding, and it is beneficial to review the program's portfolio and identify opportunities for improvement. NASA's Science Activation Program: Achievements and Opportunities assesses SciAct's efforts towards meeting its goals. The key objectives of SciAct are to enable STEM education, improve U.S. scientific literacy, advance national education goals, and leverage efforts through partnerships. This report describes and assesses the history, current status, and vision of the program and its projects. It also provides recommendations to enhance NASA's efforts through the SciAct program.
From Modern To Postmodern Psychology Is There A Way Past
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Author : Barbara Hanfstingl
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2023-03-31
From Modern To Postmodern Psychology Is There A Way Past written by Barbara Hanfstingl and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-03-31 with Science categories.