Measuring Competitiveness In A World Of Global Value Chains
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Measuring Competitiveness In A World Of Global Value Chains
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Author : Mr.Tamim Bayoumi
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2018-11-01
Measuring Competitiveness In A World Of Global Value Chains written by Mr.Tamim Bayoumi and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-11-01 with Business & Economics categories.
All common real effective exchange rate indexes assume trade is only in final goods, despite the growing presence of global supply chains. Extending effective exchange rate indexes to include such intermediate goods can imply radically different effective exchange rate weights, depending on the relative substitutability of goods in final demand and in production. Unfortunately, the effect of these shifts in weights are difficult to identify empirically because the two currencies most affected—the dollar and the renminbi—have moved closely together. As the renminbi becomes more flexible, however, it will be important to determine which assumptions are the most realistic.
Making Global Value Chains Work For Development
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Author : Daria Taglioni
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2016-06-10
Making Global Value Chains Work For Development written by Daria Taglioni and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-06-10 with Business & Economics categories.
Economic, technological, and political shifts as well as changing business strategies have driven firms to unbundle production processes and disperse them across countries. Thanks to these changes, developing countries can now increase their participation in global value chains (GVCs) and thus become more competitive in agriculture, manufacturing and services. This is a paradigm shift from the 20th century when countries had to build the entire supply chain domestically to become competitive internationally. For policymakers, the focus is on boosting domestic value added and improving access to resources and technology while advancing development goals. However, participating in global value chains does not automatically improve living standards and social conditions in a country. This requires not only improving the quality and quantity of production factors and redressing market failures, but also engineering equitable distributions of opportunities and outcomes - including employment, wages, work conditions, economic rights, gender equality, economic security, and protecting the environment. The internationalization of production processes helps with very few of these development challenges. Following this perspective, Making Global Value Chains Work for Development offers a strategic framework, analytical tools, and policy options to address this challenge. The book conceptualizes GVCs and makes it easier for policymakers and practitioners to discuss them and their implications for development. It shows why GVCs require fresh thinking; it serves as a repository of analytical tools; and it proposes a strategic framework to guide policymakers in identifying the key objectives of GVC participation and in selecting suitable economic strategies to achieve them.
Measuring Competitiveness
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Author : Mr.Tamim Bayoumi
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2013-05-08
Measuring Competitiveness written by Mr.Tamim Bayoumi and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-05-08 with Business & Economics categories.
With global supply chains, any value added or production task can be traded as part of goods. This means that competitiveness can be measured either in terms of “tasks” (Bems and Johnson, 2012), or goods, but with goods prices reflecting the cost of tasks embedded in those goods. We show that when measuring competitiveness in goods, the formula used in computing the real effective exchange rates at the IMF (Bayoumi, Lee, and Jayanthi, 2005) needs to be expressed in terms of the price of value added and needs an additional term, which captures a gain or loss in competitiveness of goods due to outsourcing.
Trade Interconnectedness The World With Global Value Chains
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Author : International Monetary Fund. Strategy, Policy, & Review Department
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2013-08-27
Trade Interconnectedness The World With Global Value Chains written by International Monetary Fund. Strategy, Policy, & Review Department and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-08-27 with Business & Economics categories.
The aim of this paper is to address the implications of Global Value Chains (GVCs) for the Fund’s surveillance work. The paper first draws on the World Input-Output Database (WIOD) to document the dynamics of trade linkages between countries and regions through GVCs and its impact on the real economy. The paper then examines the implications of GVCs for the real effective exchange rate (REER), a key tool used at the Fund for bilateral as well as multilateral surveillance work, and shows the potential benefit of revisiting the REER formula in light of the increasing relevance of GVCs. The paper ends with implications of GVCs for trade and trade-related policies and the multilateral trading system
Measuring And Analyzing The Impact Of Gvcs On Economic Development
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Author : World Trade Organization
language : en
Publisher: World Trade Organization
Release Date : 2017
Measuring And Analyzing The Impact Of Gvcs On Economic Development written by World Trade Organization and has been published by World Trade Organization this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with Political Science categories.
This report is about a huge contribution to our deepening understanding of what the global economy really means and how it is changing. The report helpfully distinguishes elements of an economy that are tradable and the large set that are non-tradable. Clearly the tradables set is expanding with the support of enabling technology. The report argues that connectivity in the networks that define the evolving architecture of GVCs is important. This Global Value Chain Development Report is the result of intensive and detailed work in assembling and analyzing data on the structure of economies and on how they are linked. It creates a much clearer picture of evolving patterns of independence. It also presents a much clearer picture of comparative advantage. --Publisher description.
World Development Report 2020
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Author : World Bank
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2019-11-19
World Development Report 2020 written by World Bank and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-11-19 with Business & Economics categories.
Global value chains (GVCs) powered the surge of international trade after 1990 and now account for almost half of all trade. This shift enabled an unprecedented economic convergence: poor countries grew rapidly and began to catch up with richer countries. Since the 2008 global financial crisis, however, the growth of trade has been sluggish and the expansion of GVCs has stalled. Meanwhile, serious threats have emerged to the model of trade-led growth. New technologies could draw production closer to the consumer and reduce the demand for labor. And trade conflicts among large countries could lead to a retrenchment or a segmentation of GVCs. World Development Report 2020: Trading for Development in the Age of Global Value Chains examines whether there is still a path to development through GVCs and trade. It concludes that technological change is, at this stage, more a boon than a curse. GVCs can continue to boost growth, create better jobs, and reduce poverty provided that developing countries implement deeper reforms to promote GVC participation; industrial countries pursue open, predictable policies; and all countries revive multilateral cooperation.
Global Value Chains What Are The Benefits And Why Do Countries Participate
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Author : Ms.Faezeh Raei
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2019-01-18
Global Value Chains What Are The Benefits And Why Do Countries Participate written by Ms.Faezeh Raei and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-01-18 with Business & Economics categories.
Over the last two decades, world trade and production have become increasingly organized around global value chains (GVC). Recent theoretical work has shown that countries can benefit from participation in GVCs through multiple channels. However, little is known empirically about the economic importance of supply chains. We use the Eora MRIO database to compute different measures of GVC participation for 189 countries and illustrate global patterns of supply chains as well as their evolution over time in order to contribute to this topic. We find that GVC-related trade, rather than conventional trade, has a positive impact on income per capita and productivity, however there is large heterogeneity and the gains appear more signifcant for upper-middle and high-income countries. We document that “moving up” to more high-tech sectors while participating in major supply chains does take place but is not universal, suggesting other factors matter. We confirm the findings of the standard gravity literature for GVC trade; highlighting the key role of institutional features such as contract enforcement and the quality of infrastructure as determinants of GVC participation.
Interconnected Economies Benefiting From Global Value Chains
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Author : OECD
language : en
Publisher: OECD Publishing
Release Date : 2013-05-28
Interconnected Economies Benefiting From Global Value Chains written by OECD and has been published by OECD Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-05-28 with categories.
This book examines how global value chains have evolved and the policy challenges they have created.
Interconnected Economies Benefiting From Global Value Chains
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Author : OECD
language : en
Publisher: OECD Publishing
Release Date : 2013-09-10
Interconnected Economies Benefiting From Global Value Chains written by OECD and has been published by OECD Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-09-10 with categories.
This book examines how global value chains have evolved and the policy challenges they have created.
Services In Global Value Chains
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Author : Patrick Low
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 2016-06-21
Services In Global Value Chains written by Patrick Low and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-06-21 with Business & Economics categories.
This compilation of 22 firm-specific case studies is an important contribution to the discussion of 'servicification' trends in manufacturing. 'Services have increased in importance and value in many manufacturing value chains, making companies that produce physical products look more like service enterprises. What services do global value chains use in their operations, how important are they and how do economic policies shape firms' configurations, operations, and location of global value chains? This book addresses these questions and more. The interviewed firms, based in 12 APEC economies, come from different sectors ranging from multinational automotive, construction equipment, and electrical appliance manufacturers to small and medium manufacturers of watches or chemical for water treatment. The book analyses what specific services are important in different stages of the value chain, and whether they are typically provided in-house or outsourced. Contents:Manufacturing-Related Services (Patrick Low and Gloria O Pasadilla)Manufacturing of Aircraft Control Systems in the Philippines (Andre Wirjo and Gloria O Pasadilla)Industrial Welding Services in Thailand (William Haines)Manufacturing of Mining and Construction Equipment (David Sit and Patrick Low)Manufacturing of Computer Servers (Yuhua Zhang)Wastewater Treatment Services (Arian Hassani and Andre Wirjo)Manufacturing of Automotive Components in the ASEAN Region (Denise Cheung)Manufacturing of Oil and Gas Industry Equipment in Singapore (Andre Wirjo and Gloria O Pasadilla)Car Manufacturing in the Philippines (Sherry Stephenson)Manufacturing of Thermal Power Generation Equipment (Gloria O Pasadilla)Production of Precision Die and Machine Parts in Thailand (Denise Cheung and Andre Wirjo)Manufacturing of Refrigerators (David Sit)Watch Manufacturing (Deborah Elms)Manufacturing of Automotive Components in Mexico: Perspectives from Three Firms (Andre Wirjo, Gloria O Pasadilla and Joel G Bassig)Manufacturing of Telecommunications Equipment (Huani Zhu and Gloria O Pasadilla)Manufacturing of Printed Circuit Boards in Canada (Ben Shepherd)Wine Industry in Chile (Karina Fernandez-Stark and Penny Bamber)Integrated Logistics Solutions Provider in Mexico (Andre Wirjo and Gloria O Pasadilla)Remanufacturing Services in the Construction Machinery Value Chain (Katherine Tait and Gary Gereffi)Manufacturing of Consumer Electronic Appliances in Indonesia (Emmanuel A San Andres)Fresh Cherry Industry in Chile (Penny Bamber and Karina Fernandez-Stark) Readership: Researchers, students and academics who are interested in international trade; trade economists; policymakers and general public who are interested in manufacturing related topics.