Measuring Education Inequality In Developing Countries
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Measuring Education Inequality In Developing Countries
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Author : Nichole Torpey-Saboe
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2018-06-19
Measuring Education Inequality In Developing Countries written by Nichole Torpey-Saboe and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-06-19 with Social Science categories.
This book constructs a measure of education inequality using time-series cross-national data and utilizes real-world examples based on author interviews. It provides insights into how classic trade theory might be applied more broadly to generate expectations not only about income distribution, but also about investment in human capital. The project explores the ways in which global trends toward urbanization and democratization might be expected to impact education inequality. The author addresses contemporary issues in politics, such as growing income inequality, the backlash against globalization and free trade, and concerns that democratic institutions are elite-dominated and unresponsive to the needs of common citizens.
Measuring Education Inequality
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Author : Vinod Thomas
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2001
Measuring Education Inequality written by Vinod Thomas and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with Coeficiente de Gini categories.
Equal access to education is a basic human right. But in many countries gaps in education between various groups are staggering. An education Gini index -- a new indicator for the distribution of human capital and welfare -- facilitates comparison of education inequality across countries and over time.
Measuring Education Inequality
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Author : Vinod Thomas
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
Measuring Education Inequality written by Vinod Thomas and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with categories.
Equal access to education is a basic human right. But in many countries gaps in education between various groups are staggering. An education Gini index - a new indicator for the distribution of human capital and welfare - facilitates comparison of education inequality across countries and over time. Thomas, Wang, and Fan use a Gini index to measure inequality in educational attainment. They present two methods (direct and indirect) for calculating an education Gini index and generate a quinquennial data set on education Gini indexes for the over-15 population in 85 countries (1960-90). Preliminary empirical analysis suggests that: ʼn Inequality in education in most of the countries declined over the three decades, with a few exceptions. ʼn Inequality in education as measured by the education Gini index is negatively associated with average years of schooling, implying that countries with higher educational attainment are more likely to achieve equality in education than those with lower attainment. ʼn A clear pattern of an education Kuznets curve exists if the standard deviation of education is used. ʼn Gender gaps are clearly related to education inequality, and over time, the association between gender gaps and inequality becomes stronger. ʼn Increases in per capita GDP (adjusted for purchasing power parity) seem to be negatively associated with education inequality and positively related to the labor force's average years of schooling, after controlling for initial income levels. This paper - a joint product of the Office of the Vice President and the Economic Policy and Poverty Reduction Division, World Bank Institute - is an extension of the paper "Measuring Educational Inequality: Education Gini Index from 1960 to 1990" (Vinod Thomas, Yan Wang, and Xibo Fan, World Bank, Washington, DC). This study was funded by the Bank's Research Support Budget under the research project "The Quality of Growth" (RPO 682-02).
Inequality In Education
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Author : Donald B. Holsinger
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2009-05-29
Inequality In Education written by Donald B. Holsinger and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-05-29 with Education categories.
Inequality in Education: Comparative and International Perspectives is a compilation of conceptual chapters and national case studies that includes a series of methods for measuring education inequalities. The book provides up-to-date scholarly research on global trends in the distribution of formal schooling in national populations. It also offers a strategic comparative and international education policy statement on recent shifts in education inequality, and new approaches to explore, develop and improve comparative education and policy research globally. Contributing authors examine how education as a process interacts with government finance policy to form patterns of access to education services. In addition to case perspectives from 18 countries across six geographic regions, the volume includes six conceptual chapters on topics that influence education inequality, such as gender, disability, language and economics, and a summary chapter that presents new evidence on the pernicious consequences of inequality in the distribution of education. The book offers (1) a better and more holistic understanding of ways to measure education inequalities; and (2) strategies for facing the challenge of inequality in education in the processes of policy formation, planning and implementation at the local, regional, national and global levels.
Does Educational Achievement Help To Explain Income Inequality
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Author : Daniele Checchi
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2000
Does Educational Achievement Help To Explain Income Inequality written by Daniele Checchi and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000 with Academic achievement categories.
This paper proposes to measure inequality in educational achievement by constructing a Gini index on educational attainment. It uses the proposed measure to analyze the relationship between inequality in world income and educational attainment (in terms of both the average attainment and the dispersion of attainment). Though theoretical considerations suggest a nonlinear relationship between these two measures of inequality, actual data indicate that there is a strong negative link between average years of education and measured income inequality. Multivariate regression analysis indicates that if the negative correlation between average educational attainment and the dispersion of educational attainment are taken into account, the relationship between income inequality and average years of schooling appears U-shaped, with a lower turning point at 6.5 years. Income inequality is also negatively related to per capita income and positively related to the capital/output ratio and government expenditure on education. The relative contribution of education to income inequality explains between 3 and 16 percent of the variance, though the fraction is higher and shows a rising trend in developed countries. Data sources and additional tables are appended. (Contains 65 references.) (SM).
Education And Development
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Author : Walter W. McMahon
language : en
Publisher: Clarendon Press
Release Date : 2000-01-27
Education And Development written by Walter W. McMahon and has been published by Clarendon Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000-01-27 with Business & Economics categories.
This book develops a new approach to measuring the total returns to human resource development through investment in education. Drawing on microanalytic foundations, it uses regional and worldwide data to estimate the net marginal contributions of education and new knowledge both to economic growth and to wider effects on democratization, human rights, political stability, health, net population growth rates, reduction of poverty, inequality in income distribution, crime, drug use, and the environment. The total impact of education policy changes on endogenous development is then estimated using an interactive model. This new approach is important to industrialized and developing countries alike. The diffusion of knowledge and the adaptation of new techniques has been identified as crucial to the growth process in the new endogenmous growth models, and is of increasing strategic importance in current knowledge-based globalizing economies. Similarly, the non-monetary returns from education are important in improving human welfare. Measurement of these non-market returns is a crucial but much neglected subject. It has proved frustrating, and existing microanalytic measures have proved piecemeal. The new approach developed here offers some comprehensive estimates and simulation techniques for finding more cost-effective policies, and also suggests new hypotheses for further microanalytic testing.
Income Inequality And Education Revisited
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Author : Mr.David Coady
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2017-05-26
Income Inequality And Education Revisited written by Mr.David Coady and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-05-26 with Business & Economics categories.
This paper presents new results on the relationship between income inequality and education expansion—that is, increasing average years of schooling and reducing inequality of schooling. When dynamic panel estimation techniques are used to address issues of persistence and endogeneity, we find a large, positive, statistically significant and stable relationship between inequality of schooling and income inequality, especially in emerging and developing economies and among older age cohorts. The relationship between income inequality and average years of schooling is positive, consistent with constant or increasing returns to additional years of schooling. While this positive relationship is small and not always statistically significant, we find a statistically significant negative relationship with years of schooling of younger cohorts. Statistical tests indicate that our dynamic estimators are consistent and that our identifying instruments are valid. Policy simulations suggest that education expansion will continue to be inequality reducing. This role will diminish as countries develop, but it could be enhanced through a stronger focus on reducing inequality in the quality of education.
Growing Gaps
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Author : Paul Attewell
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2010-11-05
Growing Gaps written by Paul Attewell and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-11-05 with Social Science categories.
The last half century has seen a dramatic expansion in access to primary, secondary, and higher education in many nations around the world. Educational expansion is desirable for a country's economy, beneficial for educated individuals themselves, and is also a strategy for greater social harmony. But has greater access to education reduced or exacerbated social inequality? Who are the winners and the losers in the scramble for educational advantage? In Growing Gaps, Paul Attewell and Katherine S. Newman bring together an impressive group of scholars to closely examine the relationship between inequality and education. The relationship is not straightforward and sometimes paradoxical. Across both post-industrial societies and the high-growth economies of the developing world, education has become the central path for upward mobility even as it maintains and exacerbates existing inequalities. In many countries there has been a staggering growth of private education as demand for opportunity has outpaced supply, but the families who must fund this human capital accumulation are burdened with more and more debt. Privatizing education leads to intensified inequality, as students from families with resources enjoy the benefits of these new institutions while poorer students face intense competition for entry to under-resourced public universities and schools. The ever-increasing supply of qualified, young workers face class- or race-based inequalities when they attempt to translate their credentials into suitable jobs. Covering almost every continent, Growing Gaps provides an overarching and essential examination of the worldwide race for educational advantage and will serve as a lasting achievement towards understanding the root causes of inequality.
A Hybrid Approach To Estimating The Efficiency Of Public Spending On Education In Emerging And Developing Economies
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Author : Francesco Grigoli
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2014-01-30
A Hybrid Approach To Estimating The Efficiency Of Public Spending On Education In Emerging And Developing Economies written by Francesco Grigoli and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-01-30 with Business & Economics categories.
The measurement of the efficiency of public education expenditure using parametric and non-parametric methods has proven challenging. This paper seeks to overcome the difficulties of earlier studies by using a hybrid approach to measure the efficiency of secondary education spending in emerging and developing economies. The approach accounts for the impact of the level of development on education outcomes by constructing different efficiency frontiers for lower- and higher-income economies. We find evidence of large potential gains in enrollment rates by improving efficiency. These are largest in lower-income economies, especially in Africa. Reallocating expenditure to reduce student-to-teacher ratios (where these are high) and improving the quality of institutions (as measured by the "governance effectiveness" indicator in the World Bank's Governance Indicators database) could help improve the efficiency of education spending. Easing the access to education facilities and reducing income inequality (as measured by the Gini coefficient) could also help improve efficiency.
Assessing Sector Performance And Inequality In Education
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Author : Emilio Porta
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2011-06-30
Assessing Sector Performance And Inequality In Education written by Emilio Porta and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-06-30 with Business & Economics categories.
This book gathers in one volume all the information needed to use ADePT Edu, the software platform created by the World Bank for the reporting and analysis of education indicators and education inequality. It includes a primer on education data availability, an operating manual for the software, a technical explanation of all the education indicators generated, and an overview of global education inequality using ADePT Edu. The World Bank developed ADePT Edu to fill the need for a user-friendly program designed to give everyone the ability to organize and analyze education data from households. ADePT Edu can be used with any household survey with the aid of its user friendly interface, generating education tables and graphics that comply with international standards for performance indicators. Because this volume is a compendium its chapters can be consulted independently of each other, depending on the need of users.