Measuring The Gains From Medical Research
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Measuring The Gains From Medical Research
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Author : Kevin M. Murphy
language : en
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Release Date : 2010-04-15
Measuring The Gains From Medical Research written by Kevin M. Murphy and has been published by University of Chicago Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-04-15 with Medical categories.
In 1998, health expenditures in the United States accounted for 12.9% of national income-the highest share of income devoted to health in the developed world. The United States also spends more on medical research than any other country-in 2000, the federal government dedicated $18.4 billion to it, compared with only $3.7 billion for the entire European Union. In this book, leading health economists ask whether we are getting our money's worth. From an economic perspective, they find, the answer is a resounding "yes": in fact, considering the extraordinary value of improvements to health, we may even be spending too little on medical research. The evidence these papers present and the conclusions they reach are both surprising and convincing: that growth in longevity since 1950 has been as valuable as growth in all other forms of consumption combined; that medical advances producing 10% reductions in mortality from cancer and heart disease alone would add roughly $10 trillion-a year's GDP-to the national wealth; or that the average new drug approved by the FDA yields benefits worth many times its cost of development. The papers in this book are packed with these and many other surprising revelations, their sophisticated analysis persuasively demonstrating the massive economic benefits we can gain from investments in medical research. For anyone concerned about the cost and the value of such research-from policy makers to health care professionals and economists-this will be a landmark book.
Measuring And Valuing Health Benefits For Economic Evaluation
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Author : John Brazier
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2017
Measuring And Valuing Health Benefits For Economic Evaluation written by John Brazier and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with Business & Economics categories.
There are not enough resources in health care systems around the world to fund all technically feasible and potentially beneficial health care interventions. Difficult choices have to be made, and economic evaluation offers a systematic and transparent process for informing such choices. A key component of economic evaluation is how to value the benefits of health care in a way that permits comparison between health care interventions, such as through costs per quality-adjusted life years (QALY). Measuring and Valuing Health Benefits for Economic Evaluation examines the measurement and valuation of health benefits, reviews the explosion of theoretical and empirical work in the field, and explores an area of research that continues to be a major source of debate. It addresses the key questions in the field including: the definition of health, the techniques of valuation, who should provide the values, techniques for modelling health state values, the appropriateness of tools in children and vulnerable groups, cross cultural issues, and the problem of choosing the right instrument. This new edition contains updated empirical examples and practical applications, which help to clarify the readers understanding of real world contexts. It features a glossary containing the common terms used by practitioners, and has been updated to cover new measures of health and wellbeing, such as ICECAP, ASCOT and AQOL. It takes into account new research into the social weighting of a QALY, the rising use of ordinal valuation techniques, use of the internet to collect data, and the use of health state utility values in cost effectiveness models. This is an ideal resource for anyone wishing to gain a specialised understanding of health benefit measurement in economic evaluation, especially those working in the fields of health economics, public sector economics, pharmacoeconomics, health services research, public health, and quality of life research.
Measuring And Valuing Health Benefits For Economic Evaluation
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Author : John Brazier
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2007-01-11
Measuring And Valuing Health Benefits For Economic Evaluation written by John Brazier and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-01-11 with Business & Economics categories.
With limited resources and funding, it is impossible to invest in all potentially beneficial health care interventions. Choices have to be made, and this practical guide allows the reader to measure and value the benefits of interventions, a key component of economic evaluation, which then permits comparisons between interventions.
Economics And Medical Research
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Author : Burton Allen Weisbrod
language : en
Publisher: American Enterprise Institute Press
Release Date : 1983
Economics And Medical Research written by Burton Allen Weisbrod and has been published by American Enterprise Institute Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1983 with Business & Economics categories.
This book focuses on medical research and its effects on the health care system.
Fast Facts Digital Medicine Measurement
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Author : Andrea Coravos
language : en
Publisher: Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers
Release Date : 2020-03-31
Fast Facts Digital Medicine Measurement written by Andrea Coravos and has been published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-03-31 with Medical categories.
Technology is changing how we practice medicine. Sensors and wearables are getting smaller and cheaper, and algorithms are becoming powerful enough to predict medical outcomes. Yet despite rapid advances, healthcare lags behind other industries in truly putting these technologies to use. A major barrier is the cross-disciplinary approach required to create digital tools, a process that requires knowledge from many people across a range of fields. 'Fast Facts: Digital Medicine – Measurement' aims to overcome that barrier, introducing the reader to core concepts and terms and facilitating dialogue. Contrasting 'clinical research' with routine 'clinical care', this short colorful book describes types of digital measurement and how to use and validate digital measures in different settings. And with the burgeoning development of digital medicine tools, the authors provide a timely overview of the security, ethical, regulatory and legal issues to be considered before a product can enter the market. Table of Contents: • What is digital medicine? • Where does digital medicine fit? • Regulatory considerations • Ethical principles and our responsibilities • Ethics in practice • Security, data rights and governance • Digital biomarkers and clinical outcomes • Measurement in clinical trials • Verification and validation • The future of digital medicine
Health What Is It Worth
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Author : Selma J. Mushkin
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2013-10-22
Health What Is It Worth written by Selma J. Mushkin and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-10-22 with Health & Fitness categories.
Health: What Is It Worth?: Measures of Health Benefits is a collection of papers that tackles concerns in health care services and health benefit systems. The title first deals with the measure of health status, along with the policy that governs it and the results of contemporary biomedical research. The text also covers the approaches for the assessment of long-term care. The next part talks about valuing health and health benefits. Next, the selection deals with a method for the computation of the social rate of returns derived from investments in biomedical research. The last part discusses the concerns in health resource allocation. The book will be of great interest to the legislative bodies of governments, health officials, and health professionals.
Medicine Matters After All
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Author : John P. Bunker
language : en
Publisher: Stationery Office Books (TSO)
Release Date : 2001
Medicine Matters After All written by John P. Bunker and has been published by Stationery Office Books (TSO) this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with Medical categories.
Three of the main determinates of the health of the population are medical treatment, public health measures and socio-economic conditions. It has been a trend to diminish the role of medicine and say that major advances have owed more to improvements in public health and lifestyle. This book attempts to evaluate the impact of the three approaches. It concludes that increased investment in medical care would make the greatest contribution to the reduction of death and the relief of suffering and disability. In addition the gains would be achieved rapidly whilst the benefits of health promotion would only be seen after the public adopted a healthier lifestyle. Redistribution of wealth is a longer term and more speculative enterprise.
Measuring Health
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Author : George Teeling Smith
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1988
Measuring Health written by George Teeling Smith and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1988 with Health & Fitness categories.
Much research is still needed to produce universally accepted and validated methods to measure the 'quality of life' of patients before and after medical or surgical treatment. Nevertheless, doctors, medical research workers, and pharmaceutical companies as a whole should already be becoming aware of the importance of measuring 'health' in social and economic terms as well as in narrowly defined clinical terms. In this book guidelines are given on the evaluation of therapy, such as techniques for measuring quality of life using rating scales, questionnaires and statistical tests. It draws attention to issues concerning the validity of disability scales, health profiles and the initial design of tests.
Developing A Protocol For Observational Comparative Effectiveness Research A User S Guide
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Author : Agency for Health Care Research and Quality (U.S.)
language : en
Publisher: Government Printing Office
Release Date : 2013-02-21
Developing A Protocol For Observational Comparative Effectiveness Research A User S Guide written by Agency for Health Care Research and Quality (U.S.) and has been published by Government Printing Office this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-02-21 with Medical categories.
This User’s Guide is a resource for investigators and stakeholders who develop and review observational comparative effectiveness research protocols. It explains how to (1) identify key considerations and best practices for research design; (2) build a protocol based on these standards and best practices; and (3) judge the adequacy and completeness of a protocol. Eleven chapters cover all aspects of research design, including: developing study objectives, defining and refining study questions, addressing the heterogeneity of treatment effect, characterizing exposure, selecting a comparator, defining and measuring outcomes, and identifying optimal data sources. Checklists of guidance and key considerations for protocols are provided at the end of each chapter. The User’s Guide was created by researchers affiliated with AHRQ’s Effective Health Care Program, particularly those who participated in AHRQ’s DEcIDE (Developing Evidence to Inform Decisions About Effectiveness) program. Chapters were subject to multiple internal and external independent reviews. More more information, please consult the Agency website: www.effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov)
Medical Care Economic Risk
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2013-02-10
Medical Care Economic Risk written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-02-10 with Medical categories.
The United States has seen major advances in medical care during the past decades, but access to care at an affordable cost is not universal. Many Americans lack health care insurance of any kind, and many others with insurance are nonetheless exposed to financial risk because of high premiums, deductibles, co-pays, limits on insurance payments, and uncovered services. One might expect that the U.S. poverty measure would capture these financial effects and trends in them over time. Yet the current official poverty measure developed in the early 1960s does not take into account significant increases and variations in medical care costs, insurance coverage, out-of-pocket spending, and the financial burden imposed on families and individuals. Although medical costs consume a growing share of family and national income and studies regularly document high rates of medical financial stress and debt, the current poverty measure does not capture the consequences for families' economic security or their income available for other basic needs. In 1995, a panel of the National Research Council (NRC) recommended a new poverty measure, which compares families' disposable income to poverty thresholds based on current spending for food, clothing, shelter, utilities, and a little more. The panel's recommendations stimulated extensive collaborative research involving several government agencies on experimental poverty measures that led to a new research Supplemental Poverty Measure (SPM), which the U.S. Census Bureau first published in November 2011 and will update annually. Analyses of the effects of including and excluding certain factors from the new SPM showed that, were it not for the cost that families incurred for premiums and other medical expenses not covered by health insurance, 10 million fewer people would have been poor according to the SPM. The implementation of the patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) provides a strong impetus to think rigorously about ways to measure medical care economic burden and risk, which is the basis for Medical Care Economic Risk. As new policies - whether part of the ACA or other policies - are implemented that seek to expand and improve health insurance coverage and to protect against the high costs of medical care relative to income, such measures will be important to assess the effects of policy changes in both the short and long term on the extent of financial burden and risk for the population, which are explained in this report.