Measuring The Income To Intangibles In Goods Production A Global Value Chain Approach
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Measuring The Income To Intangibles In Goods Production A Global Value Chain Approach
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Author : World Intellectual Property Organization
language : en
Publisher: WIPO
Release Date : 2017
Measuring The Income To Intangibles In Goods Production A Global Value Chain Approach written by World Intellectual Property Organization and has been published by WIPO this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with Law categories.
Today’s production processes are fragmented across countries and industries. Intangibles play an important role, but their measurement is elusive. This paper proposes a new empirical framework to measure factor incomes in production that spans industries and countries.
Measuring The Income To Intangibles In Goods Production
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Author : Wen Chen
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2023
Measuring The Income To Intangibles In Goods Production written by Wen Chen and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023 with categories.
Today's production processes are fragmented across countries and industries. Intangibles play an important role, but their measurement is elusive. Their use is not bound by a location and they can be shared across plants. We propose a new empirical framework to measure factor incomes in production that spans industries and countries. We define intangible capital income residually as the difference between the value of a final product and the costs of all tangible factor inputs (capital and labour) in any stage of production. We bring this to the data using the WIOD and additional national account statistics on capital stocks. For manufactured products we find that the share of intangible capital income in final output increased rapidly since 2000, levelling off after 2008. In 2014 it stood at about 31 per cent. This is much higher than the tangible capital income share (18 per cent). For pharmaceuticals, furniture, textiles and food the intangible income share remained roughly constant over 2000-2014. In contrast the share increased rapidly for machinery and equipment products until 2008, slightly declining afterwards. We find that across all products about one quarter of the intangibles incomes is realised in the distribution stage (from factory to consumer). One quarter is realised in the final production stage and half in other production stages. The latter has increased in particular in the early 2000. We discuss measurement problems and stress the explorative nature of the exercise.
World Intellectual Property Report 2017
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Author : World Intellectual Property Organization
language : en
Publisher: WIPO
Release Date : 2018-01-01
World Intellectual Property Report 2017 written by World Intellectual Property Organization and has been published by WIPO this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-01-01 with Law categories.
The World Intellectual Property Report 2017 examines the crucial role of intangibles such as technology, design and branding in international manufacturing. Macroeconomic analysis is complemented by case studies of the global value chains for three products – coffee, photovoltaic energy cells and smartphones – to give an insightful picture of the importance of intellectual property and other intangibles in modern production.
The Powerful Role Of Intangibles In The Coffee Value Chain
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Author : World Intellectual Property Organization
language : en
Publisher: WIPO
Release Date : 2017
The Powerful Role Of Intangibles In The Coffee Value Chain written by World Intellectual Property Organization and has been published by WIPO this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with Law categories.
The paper describes: a) the coffee industry and its GVC structure; b) the role that intangible assets play in value creation from both the supply and demand perspective; and c) the current and potential role of intellectual property tools in creating and retaining value, as well as providing economic upgrade options.
Intangible Assets And Value Capture In Global Value Chains The Smartphone Industry
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Author : World Intellectual Property Organization
language : en
Publisher: WIPO
Release Date : 2017
Intangible Assets And Value Capture In Global Value Chains The Smartphone Industry written by World Intellectual Property Organization and has been published by WIPO this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with Law categories.
This report uses data on individual smart phones as well as industry data to identify which smartphone firms capture the most value. It finds that Apple captures most of the industry profits, thanks to its high prices, large profit margins and the volume of iPhone sales worldwide. Apple’s success is explained as a result of its ability to develop its own intellectual property (IP) and take advantage of IP created by suppliers through a strategy of selling only a few models at high prices compared to competitors.
Global Value Chain Development Report 2021
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Author : Banque asiatique de développement
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2022-01-25
Global Value Chain Development Report 2021 written by Banque asiatique de développement and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-01-25 with Business logistics categories.
A radical shift is underway in global value chains as they increasingly move beyond traditional manufacturing processes to services and other intangible assets. Digitization is a leading factor in this transformation, which is being accelerated by the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. The Global Value Chain Development Report, the third of a biennial series, explores this shift beyond production. The report shows how the rise of services value chains offers a new path to development and how protectionism and geopolitical tensions, environmental risks, and pandemics are undermining the stability of global value chains and forcing their reorganization geographically. It is co-published by the WTO, the Asian Development Bank, the Research Institute for Global Value Chains at the University of International Business and Economics, the Institute of Developing Economies, and the China Development Research Foundation.
Global Value Chains What Are The Benefits And Why Do Countries Participate
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Author : Ms.Faezeh Raei
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2019-01-18
Global Value Chains What Are The Benefits And Why Do Countries Participate written by Ms.Faezeh Raei and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-01-18 with Business & Economics categories.
Over the last two decades, world trade and production have become increasingly organized around global value chains (GVC). Recent theoretical work has shown that countries can benefit from participation in GVCs through multiple channels. However, little is known empirically about the economic importance of supply chains. We use the Eora MRIO database to compute different measures of GVC participation for 189 countries and illustrate global patterns of supply chains as well as their evolution over time in order to contribute to this topic. We find that GVC-related trade, rather than conventional trade, has a positive impact on income per capita and productivity, however there is large heterogeneity and the gains appear more signifcant for upper-middle and high-income countries. We document that “moving up” to more high-tech sectors while participating in major supply chains does take place but is not universal, suggesting other factors matter. We confirm the findings of the standard gravity literature for GVC trade; highlighting the key role of institutional features such as contract enforcement and the quality of infrastructure as determinants of GVC participation.
World Development Report 2020
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Author : World Bank
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2019-11-19
World Development Report 2020 written by World Bank and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-11-19 with Business & Economics categories.
Global value chains (GVCs) powered the surge of international trade after 1990 and now account for almost half of all trade. This shift enabled an unprecedented economic convergence: poor countries grew rapidly and began to catch up with richer countries. Since the 2008 global financial crisis, however, the growth of trade has been sluggish and the expansion of GVCs has stalled. Meanwhile, serious threats have emerged to the model of trade-led growth. New technologies could draw production closer to the consumer and reduce the demand for labor. And trade conflicts among large countries could lead to a retrenchment or a segmentation of GVCs. World Development Report 2020: Trading for Development in the Age of Global Value Chains examines whether there is still a path to development through GVCs and trade. It concludes that technological change is, at this stage, more a boon than a curse. GVCs can continue to boost growth, create better jobs, and reduce poverty provided that developing countries implement deeper reforms to promote GVC participation; industrial countries pursue open, predictable policies; and all countries revive multilateral cooperation.
Understanding The Dynamics Of Global Value Chains For Solar Photovoltaic Technologies
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Author : World Intellectual Property Organization
language : en
Publisher: WIPO
Release Date : 2017
Understanding The Dynamics Of Global Value Chains For Solar Photovoltaic Technologies written by World Intellectual Property Organization and has been published by WIPO this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with Law categories.
China dominates the global solar photovoltaic (PV) value chain, while 15 years ago the demand and supply were located in few Western economies. In this process, the PV industry has seen a booming demand, drastic price decreases along the supply chain, and fierce competition among surviving companies. This paper seeks to understand how this spatial shift has occurred and its drivers, with a specific focus on the role of intangible assets and intellectual property.
Spreading The Gains From Globalisation
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Author : Raphael Kaplinsky
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2000
Spreading The Gains From Globalisation written by Raphael Kaplinsky and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000 with Developing countries categories.