Mechanics Based Investigation Into The Structural Integrity And Optimization Of Core Shell Nanostructured Electrode Materials For Lithium Ion Batteries
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Mechanics Based Investigation Into The Structural Integrity And Optimization Of Core Shell Nanostructured Electrode Materials For Lithium Ion Batteries
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Author : Weiqun Li
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
Mechanics Based Investigation Into The Structural Integrity And Optimization Of Core Shell Nanostructured Electrode Materials For Lithium Ion Batteries written by Weiqun Li and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with Energy storage categories.
To further improve the stability and capacity of the Si-based anode materials, the yolk-shell carbon-coated Si nanoparticles, which contain a void space between the yolk and shell, were studied through in situ lithiation and theoretical modeling, as discussed in Chapter 6. The geometrical dimension-dependent fracture of the nanoparticles was revealed from the experimental studies. A mechanics-based theoretical model was proposed to calculate the stress states in the carbon shell upon full lithiation. A design guideline was provided to maintain the structural integrity and maximize the capacity by optimizing the geometrical dimensions of the yolk-shell carbon-coated Si nanoparticles. Apart from voiding the fracture, interfacial stability between electrodes and cooper (Cu) current collector is also important for improving the performance of the Si-based electrode materials. In Chapter 7, the Si-coated Cu nanowires were synthesized though hydrothermal method and magnetron sputtering technique. The lithium nanostructures formed on the surface of Si shell during delithiation. The bulk lithium nanostructures reacted with the delithiated Si shell to form LixSi, inducing the fracture of the Si shell. However, the Si shell adhered well with the Cu core, indicating a stable cycling performance. These results showed the potential application of the Si-coated Cu nanowire structured anode materials for lithium ion batteries. Through the comprehensive studies of the core-shell nanostructured electrode materials, the lithiation/delithiation and fracture mechanisms of the high-capacity core-shell nanostructured electrode materials were analyzed. The experimental and theoretical approaches should be beneficial for the study of other electrode materials. The optimal design guidelines proposed in this thesis should be of great value for the design of the core-shell structured electrode materials with supreme structural integrity and high capacity for lithium ion batteries.
Inorganic Battery Materials
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Author : Hailiang Wang
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2019-08-23
Inorganic Battery Materials written by Hailiang Wang and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-08-23 with Science categories.
A guide to the fundamental chemistry and recent advances of battery materials In one comprehensive volume, Inorganic Battery Materials explores the basic chemistry principles, recent advances, and the challenges and opportunities of the current and emerging technologies of battery materials. With contributions from an international panel of experts, this authoritative resource contains information on the fundamental features of battery materials, discussions on material synthesis, structural characterizations and electrochemical reactions. The book explores a wide range of topics including the state-of-the-art lithium ion battery chemistry to more energy-aggressive chemistries involving lithium metal. The authors also include a review of sulfur and oxygen, aqueous battery chemistry, redox flow battery chemistry, solid state battery chemistry and environmentally beneficial carbon dioxide battery chemistry. In the context of renewable energy utilization and transportation electrification, battery technologies have been under more extensive and intensive development than ever. This important book: Provides an understanding of the chemistry of a battery technology Explores battery technology's potential as well as the obstacles that hamper the potential from being realized Highlights new applications and points out the potential growth areas that can serve as inspirations for future research Includes an understanding of the chemistry of battery materials and how they store and convert energy Written for students and academics in the fields of energy materials, electrochemistry, solid state chemistry, inorganic materials chemistry and materials science, Inorganic Battery Materials focuses on the inorganic chemistry of battery materials associated with both current and future battery technologies to provide a unique reference in the field. About EIBC Books The Encyclopedia of Inorganic and Bioinorganic Chemistry (EIBC) was created as an online reference in 2012 by merging the Encyclopedia of Inorganic Chemistry and the Handbook of Metalloproteins. The resulting combination proves to be the defining reference work in the field of inorganic and bioinorganic chemistry, and a lot of chemistry libraries around the world have access to the online version. Many readers, however, prefer to have more concise thematic volumes in print, targeted to their specific area of interest. This feedback from EIBC readers has encouraged the Editors to plan a series of EIBC Books [formerly called EIC Books], focusing on topics of current interest. EIBC Books will appear on a regular basis, will be edited by the EIBC Editors and specialist Guest Editors, and will feature articles from leading scholars in their fields. EIBC Books aim to provide both the starting research student and the confirmed research worker with a critical distillation of the leading concepts in inorganic and bioinorganic chemistry, and provide a structured entry into the fields covered.
Nanostructured Tin Based Anodes For Lithium Ion Batteries With X Ray Absorption Fine Structure Studies
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Author : Dongniu Wang
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Nanostructured Tin Based Anodes For Lithium Ion Batteries With X Ray Absorption Fine Structure Studies written by Dongniu Wang and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with categories.
The practical applications of lithium ion batteries are highly dependent on the choice of electrodes, where boosting the materials innovations to design and achieve high capacity, excellent cycling performance, rate capability, low-cost and safe electrode materials provide the best solution. Based on this, tin-based anodes have gained great attention due to its high theoretical capacity, low cost and nontoxic nature to environment. Nevertheless, it undergoes significant volume variation(259%)during the operation of the battery, leading to pulverization and significant capacity fade. Thus, the practical application of tin-based anodes is still quite challenging. This thesis tackles issues related to tin-based anodes. It is demonstrated that designing hierarchical nanostructured tin and tin-based carbon composites particular tin-based graphene composites are the most effective routes to achieve excellent electrochemical properties. In this thesis, we reported the rational design and fabrication of nanostructured tin-based anodes which began with the synthesis of relevant electrode materials as well as evaluation of their electrochemical performance. Further, synchrotron based X-ray absorption spectroscopy was conducted to unveil the electronic structure of these composites for better understanding of the mechanism behind the performance. Various strategies of material design have been used. These include: (i) SnO2 nanowires on conducting substrates are successfully obtained using hydrothermal process. The electronic structure and the optical properties study revealed the different crystallinity and surface/defect states related luminescence. (ii) Further we extend the research to fabricate the hierarchical tin-based graphene composites such as graphene-SnO2 nanoparticles and SnO2 nanowire/graphene/carbon composites using hydrothermal method. The hierarchical nanocomposites exhibit better performance in both high and stable capacity benefitting from the buffering effect of carbonaceous materials as well as high capacity of tin dioxide. (iii) In addition, Sn@C-graphene was obtained using chemical vapor deposition method. The core-shelled Sn@C nanoparticles are well embedded in graphene matrix with superior electrochemical performances. (iv) Refer to Sn@C nanowires on metallic substrates obtained by the same route, the high cyclic capability is achieved benefitting from the one dimensional core-shell structure. (v) Most interestingly, through surface coating of Al2O3 on SnO2 electrodes via atomic layer deposition, we found that the well defined and optimized Al2O3 layer could relieve mechanical degradation and form an artificial SEI layer, leading to improved electrochemical performances compared with bare SnO2 electrodes. The element specific X-ray absorption spectra uniquely characterize the Sn, C and O specified edge of target samples, providing the information of the cystallinity and surface/defect states, revealing the strong chemical bonding and interactions between Sn or SnO2 with graphene or carbon layer, allowing for better understanding of the performance. The study in this thesis demonstrates nanostructured tin-based anodes can be alternative high performance anodes in the next generation lithium ion batteries.
Rational Design Of Nanostructured Polymer Electrolytes And Solid Liquid Interphases For Lithium Batteries
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Author : Snehashis Choudhury
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2019-09-25
Rational Design Of Nanostructured Polymer Electrolytes And Solid Liquid Interphases For Lithium Batteries written by Snehashis Choudhury and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-09-25 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This thesis makes significant advances in the design of electrolytes and interfaces in electrochemical cells that utilize reactive metals as anodes. Such cells are of contemporary interest because they offer substantially higher charge storage capacity than state-of-the-art lithium-ion battery technology. Batteries based on metallic anodes are currently considered impractical and unsafe because recharge of the anode causes physical and chemical instabilities that produce dendritic deposition of the metal leading to catastrophic failure via thermal runaway. This thesis utilizes a combination of chemical synthesis, physical & electrochemical analysis, and materials theory to investigate structure, ion transport properties, and electrochemical behaviors of hybrid electrolytes and interfacial phases designed to prevent such instabilities. In particular, it demonstrates that relatively low-modulus electrolytes composed of cross-linked networks of polymer-grafted nanoparticles stabilize electrodeposition of reactive metals by multiple processes, including screening electrode electrolyte interactions at electrochemical interfaces and by regulating ion transport in tortuous nanopores. This discovery is significant because it overturns a longstanding perception in the field of nanoparticle-polymer hybrid electrolytes that only solid electrolytes with mechanical modulus higher than that of the metal electrode are able to stabilize electrodeposition of reactive metals.
Core Shell Materials As Positive Electrodes In Lithium Ion Batteries
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Author : John Camardese
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
Core Shell Materials As Positive Electrodes In Lithium Ion Batteries written by John Camardese and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with categories.
Design And Synthesis Of Nanostructured Materials For Flexible Lithium Ion Battery
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Author : Xing Lu
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020
Design And Synthesis Of Nanostructured Materials For Flexible Lithium Ion Battery written by Xing Lu and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with categories.
In recent years, continuous progress in electronic devices, especially in wearable devices, has attracted surging attention from the consumer market. Therefore, flexible energy storage was developed to fulfill the needs of new flexible devices with ultra-lightweight and small volume. The very recent products and concepts such as touch screens, roll-up displays, wearable sensors, and even implantable medical devices have shown great potential in flexible applications because of their extreme convenience. However, the development of corresponding power sources largely lags behind these emerging technologies of flexible devices. Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), owing to high energy density and high operating voltage, have been serving as an ideal power source for flexible devices. Nevertheless, direct implementation of commercial LIBs leads to irreversible deformation of structural integrity, short-circuiting or even severe explosion hazard. Such dilemma originates from the poor flexibility of electrode and electrolyte. For electrode side, current electrode sheets used in LIBs are manufactured by holding active material particles and conductive agents by a small weight fraction of polymeric binders. Such fragile electrode structure could easily lose electrical contact under physical deformation, leading to disintegrated electrode sheets, drastic degradations of electrochemical performance, and even safety issue due to internal short-circuiting. For electrolyte side, LIBs employ nonaqueous liquid electrolyte with high ionic conductivity and excellent electrode wettability. However, the drawbacks of such electrolyte system are also evident: poor ion selectivity, flammability, and leakage issue while being deformed render unsuitability of liquid electrolyte for flexible device application. To fabricate flexible LIBs, the current state-of-the-art research employs two design strategies involving electrode structure. One popular strategy is constructing scaffolding structure using carbonaceous materials to function as supportive matrix for active materials. Given carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as an example, the CNTs possess remarkable electrical conductivity and mechanical strength (elastic modulus: 1 TPa, tensile strength: 100 GPa), which contribute to conductive and flexible electrodes as the high-aspect ratio of CNTs can serve as threading materials. Another strategy is rational architecture design of active materials that are conventionally particulate. For example, vanadium pentoxide nanowires can be readily fabricated into free-standing and binder-free electrode membrane. Nevertheless, the most of strategies above still fall short of practicality due to reduced portion of active materials and consequently compromised energy density. In comparison with the mobile liquid electrolyte, the emerging solid-state electrolytes could largely solve circumventing issues of ion selectivity, flammability and leakage. As one prevailing category, solid polymer electrolytes comprising polymers and lithium salts feature decent manufacturing flexibility. Meanwhile, their poor ionic conductivity (10 8 ~ 10 5S cm 1) could be ameliorated by gel polymer electrolytes with organic solvents (plasticizers) and/or inorganic solid fillers (e.g., SiO2). Nevertheless, the non-conductive fillers block ion-transport pathways while allow partial electrical conduction, limiting the interfacial engineering and compatibility with electrodes. In this dissertation, we tackle the aforementioned critical issues of flexible batteries in two aspects. Firstly, we design and synthesize flexible electrode from prospective of material and architecture. A novel cathode constructed by entangling networks of V2O5, CNTs and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is design and fabricated. Notably, the resulting flexible battery simultaneously achieves excellent mechanical strength (800 MPa young's module), superior cycle durability (86% retention after 1000 times bending) and intriguing capacity (300 mAh g-1 at 0.25C). Furthermore, a Zr-based metal-organic framework (MOF) possessing open-metal sites (OMSs) was used as the microporous filler to facilitate cation (Li+) conduction in GPL. Compared with the state-of-the-art research, our work significantly enhanced tLi+ of GLP from 0.39 up to 0.66 while maintained 1.5 mS cm 1 ionic conductivity. Notably, a reduced thermal activation energy (from 113 to 76 meV) was observed, suggesting diffusion energy barriers was eased by selective promotion of Li+ conduction. To conclude, flexible Li-ion batterie system research is still at early developing stage. Above work provides rational design and improvement of the current FLIBs system in rather facile and cost-effective way. The methodology we proposed are hoped to bring further innovation toward FLIBs field and be extended to numerous applications in the future.
Hybrid Core Shell Nanowire Electrodes Utilizing Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanofiber Arrays For High Performance Energy Storage
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Author : Steven Arnold Klankowski
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
Hybrid Core Shell Nanowire Electrodes Utilizing Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanofiber Arrays For High Performance Energy Storage written by Steven Arnold Klankowski and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with categories.
Nanostructured electrode materials for electrochemical energy storage systems have been shown to improve both rate performance and capacity retention, while allowing considerably longer cycling lifetime. The nano-architectures provide enhanced kinetics by means of larger surface area, higher porosity, better material interconnectivity, shorter diffusion lengths, and overall mechanical stability. Meanwhile, active materials that once were excluded from use due to bulk property issues are now being examined in new nanoarchitecture. Silicon was such a material, desired for its large lithium-ion storage capacity of 4,200 mAh g−1 and low redox potential of 0.4 V vs. Li/Li; however, a ~300% volume expansion and increased resistivity upon lithiation limited its broader applications. In the first study, the silicon-coated vertically aligned carbon nanofiber (VACNF) array presents a unique core-shell nanowire (NW) architecture that demonstrates both good capacity and high rate performance. In follow-up, the Si-VACNFs NW electrode demonstrates enhanced power rate capabilities as it shows excellent storage capacity at high rates, attributed to the unique nanoneedle structure that high vacuum sputtering produces on the three-dimensional array. Following silicon's success, titanium dioxide has been explored as an alternative highrate electrode material by utilizing the dual storage mechanisms of Li insertion and pseudocapacitance. The TiO2-coated VACNFs shows improved electrochemical activity that delivers near theoretical capacity at larger currents due to shorter Li+ diffusion lengths and highly effective electron transport. A unique cell is formed with the Si-coated and TiO2-coated electrodes place counter to one another, creating the hybrid of lithium ion battery-pseudocapacitor that demonstrated both high power and high energy densities. The hybrid cell operates like a battery at lower current rates, achieving larger discharge capacity, while retaining one-third of that capacity as the current is raised by 100-fold. This showcases the VACNF arrays as a solid platform capable of assisting lithium active compounds to achieve high capacity at very high rates, comparable to modern supercapacitors. Lastly, manganese oxide is explored to demonstrate the high power rate performance that the VACNF array can provide by creating a supercapacitor that is highly effective in cycling at various high current rates, maintaining high-capacity and good cycling performance for thousands of cycles.
Nanostructured Materials Engineering And Characterization For Battery Applications
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Author : Amadou Belal Gueye
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2024-06-21
Nanostructured Materials Engineering And Characterization For Battery Applications written by Amadou Belal Gueye and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-06-21 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Nanostructured Materials Engineering and Characterization for Battery Applications is designed to help solve fundamental and applied problems in the field of energy storage. Broken up into four separate sections, the book begins with a discussion of the fundamental electrochemical concepts in the field of energy storage. Other sections look at battery materials engineering such as cathodes, electrolytes, separators and anodes and review various battery characterization methods and their applications. The book concludes with a review of the practical considerations and applications of batteries.This will be a valuable reference source for university professors, researchers, undergraduate and postgraduate students, as well as scientists working primarily in the field of materials science, applied chemistry, applied physics and nanotechnology. - Presents practical consideration for battery usage such as LCA, recycling and green batteries - Covers battery characterization techniques including electrochemical methods, microscopy, spectroscopy and X-ray methods - Explores battery models and computational materials design theories
Rational Design Of Nanostructured Polymer Electrolytes And Solid Liquid Interphases For Lithium Batteries
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Author : Snehashis Choudhury
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019
Rational Design Of Nanostructured Polymer Electrolytes And Solid Liquid Interphases For Lithium Batteries written by Snehashis Choudhury and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with Lithium cells categories.
This thesis makes significant advances in the design of electrolytes and interfaces in electrochemical cells that utilize reactive metals as anodes. Such cells are of contemporary interest because they offer substantially higher charge storage capacity than state-of-the-art lithium-ion battery technology. Batteries based on metallic anodes are currently considered impractical and unsafe because recharge of the anode causes physical and chemical instabilities that produce dendritic deposition of the metal leading to catastrophic failure via thermal runaway. This thesis utilizes a combination of chemical synthesis, physical & electrochemical analysis, and materials theory to investigate structure, ion transport properties, and electrochemical behaviors of hybrid electrolytes and interfacial phases designed to prevent such instabilities. In particular, it demonstrates that relatively low-modulus electrolytes composed of cross-linked networks of polymer-grafted nanoparticles stabilize electrodeposition of reactive metals by multiple processes, including screening electrode electrolyte interactions at electrochemical interfaces and by regulating ion transport in tortuous nanopores. This discovery is significant because it overturns a longstanding perception in the field of nanoparticle-polymer hybrid electrolytes that only solid electrolytes with mechanical modulus higher than that of the metal electrode are able to stabilize electrodeposition of reactive metals.
Surface Enhanced Nanostructured Electrode Materials For Solar Energy Harvesting And Conversion
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Author : Zhichao Shan
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Surface Enhanced Nanostructured Electrode Materials For Solar Energy Harvesting And Conversion written by Zhichao Shan and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with Electronic dissertations categories.
This dissertation presents surface enhanced photoanodes and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts for solar water splitting to produce hydrogen. The enhancement could be achieved by either introduced surface plasmon enhanced metallic nanostructures, such as Au or Ag nanoparticles, or adjusted surface structure, chemical composition and band structure of TiO2. This dissertation also presents various electrochemical and spectroscopic techniques used to characterize nanostructured materials for solar water splitting reactions. Firstly, a model photoanode comprised of Ag@Ag2S core-shell nanoparticles (NPs) on a nanostructured TiO2 substrate is presented for visible light sensitive photoelectrochemical properties. The nanostructured electrode is coated with TiO2 nanowires (NW) on Ti plate to provide a high surface area for efficient light absorption and efficient charge collection from Ag@Ag2S NPs. Pronounced photoelectrochemical responses of Ag@Ag2S NPs under visible light responses were obtained. These responses were attributed to collective contributions of local surface plasmon enhancement, enhanced charge collection by Ti@TiO2 NWs, and high surface area of the nanostructured electrode system. The shell thickness and core size of the Ag@Ag2S core-shell structure can be controlled and the optimal photoelectrochemical performance with a core size of 17 nm (in diameter) and shell thickness of 8 nm was formed. Secondly, a Au@CdS/Ti@TiO2 nanostructured photoanode was prepared by decorating a CdS thin film layer onto a Au/Ti@TiO2 NWs substrate. Compared to CdS/Ti@TiO2 NWs photoanode, Au@CdS/Ti@TiO2 exhibits a significant enhancement to water splitting efficiency. iii The enhanced photoelectrochemical catalytic activity is attributed to the surface plasmon enhancement of Au nanoparticles. XPS, XRD, SEM, EDS, high resolution TEM, AC impedance and other electrochemical methods were applied to resolve the structure-function relationship of the nanostructures of Ag@Ag2S/Ti@TiO2 NWs and Au@CdS/Ti@TiO2 NWs electrodes. The studies of the photocatalytic activity of the core-shell structure, as well as a core-shell structure predictive model can further improve the understanding of the interplay between the shell thickness and core size and guide the design of highly efficient core-shell materials. Lastly, chapter 5 of this dissertation presents a high efficiency, durable, and low-cost oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalyst based on earth-abundant elements, carbon, oxygen, and titanium for renewable energy conversion and storage devices. In this study, we report a highly active nanostructured electrode NanoCOT (C, O and Ti) for an efficient OER in alkaline solution. The NanoCOT electrode is synthesized from the carbon transformation of nanostructured TiO2 in an atmosphere of methane, hydrogen and nitrogen by a CVD process. The NanoCOT exhibits highly enhanced OER catalytic activity in alkaline solution, providing a current density of 1.33 mA/cm2 at an overpotential of 0.42 V, which is about 4 times higher than an IrO2 electrode and 15 times higher than a Pt electrode because of its nanostructured high surface area and favorable OER kinetics. The enhanced OER catalytic activity of NanoCOT is attributed to the presence of a continuous energy band of the titanium oxide electrode with predominantly reduced defect states of Ti (e.g., Ti1+, Ti2+ and Ti3+) formed by chemical reduction with hydrogen and carbon. OER performance of NanoCOT can also be further enhanced by decreasing its overpotential 150 mV at a current density of 1.0 mA/cm2 after coating its surface electrophoretically with 2.0 nm IrOx nanoparticles (NPs).